苹果蠹蛾不育昆虫释放技术研究进展

不育昆虫释放技术(sterile insect technique,SIT)是一种环境友好、可作为大面积害虫综合治理(AW-IPM)的防治技术,是以压倒性比例释放不育昆虫来减少田间同种害虫繁殖量的害虫治理方法。苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella(L.)是世界重要的梨果类害虫,现已入侵世界5洲71国。本文综述了苹果蠹蛾大规模饲养技术、辐射不育技术、释放技术3个关键环节的研究与技术进展,主要包括:苹果蠹蛾人工饲料、实验种群建立、饲养设备与条件、收集和质量评估、长距离运输、辐射源与设备、辐射剂量与敏感性、释放方法、释放标记和释放量等,并介绍了各国采用SIT技术的应用效果。苹果蠹蛾在我国新疆、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙、黑龙江、吉林6个省区发现,对我国苹果产业安全生产构成严重威胁,我国很有必要引进并建立苹果蠹蛾SIT防治技术体系。     

生物检测试剂保藏技术研究进展

生物检测试剂的扩增性能,尤其是酶试剂的生物活性对荧光定量PCR等的检测结果起决定性作用。采用不同的保藏技术对维持检测试剂的生物活性,实现生物检测试剂室温条件下长时间稳定保藏与非冷链运输,保证检测结果的稳定性、准确性、特异性和灵敏度等至关重要。针对低温保藏技术、真空冷冻干燥技术、喷雾干燥技术以及玻璃化冷冻技术4种不同保藏技术的研究进展进行了综述,在应用中总结优缺点,以期对后续相关工作的开展提供一定的科学依据。     

从诺贝尔奖看化学和物理技术对生命科学发展的贡献

20世纪下半叶是生命科学突飞猛进的时代,生命科学尤其是分子生物学的发展与应用化学和物理技术分不开,特别是与一些获得诺贝尔奖的技术密切相关.从色谱技术与电泳技术、同位素示踪技术、X射线衍射与像重组技术、质谱与核磁共振技术、DNA测序与PCR技术等方面就化学和物理技术对生命科学发展的贡献进行了论述,并说明化学和物理技术在生命科学研究中的重要性.     

2008慕尼黑上海分析生化展（AnalyticaChina 2008）简介

慕尼黑上海分析生化展（AnalyticaChina）是分析、生化技术和实验室技术的国际性博览会，专门面向飞速发展的中国市场。继2002年首次举办以来，AnalyticaChina已经成为国内最大的分析、实验室技术和生化技术领域的专业博览会。同期举办的AnalyticaChina国际研讨会也是业内人士关注的焦点，其聚焦整个行业的发展，是科学技术和行业技术相互传递的理想平台。     

生物技术在重症急性呼吸综合征防治中的应用前景

同重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的斗争是全世界所面临的紧迫任务,而人类最终战胜SARS则必须依靠科学技术。现代生物技术在SARS病原体的发现过程中已经起到了举足轻重的作用,本就生物信息学、生物学诊断检测技术、疫苗技术、抗体技术、反义技术和RNA干扰以及生物技术药物在SARS防治中的应用前景作一简要介绍。     

分子文库展示技术

分子文库展示技术是一系列广泛应用于多肽、蛋白质及药物筛选和研究蛋白质间相互作用的有效的生物学技术。它将组合成的具有一定长度的随机序列寡核苷酸片段(或cDNA)克隆到特定表达载体中,使其表达产物(多肽片段或蛋白质结构域)以融合蛋白的形式展示在活的噬菌体或细胞表面。根据其蛋白质表达是否依赖于宿主表达系统,分为体内表达展示系统和无细胞展示系统(体外表达展示系统)。就其展示的部位不同又可分为噬菌体展示技术、细胞表面展示技术、核糖体展示技术、mRNA展示技术等。现对各种展示技术的基本原理及相关应用做简要综述。     

改变医疗的新一代诊断、评价技术

新的医疗技术普及的关键在于诊断、评价技术。尤其是可对活体内分子的行为进行无侵袭性监视的分子成像技术格外引人注目。企业的参与日趋活跃，技术的焦点也逐渐明朗。[编者按]     

Tilling技术及其在遗传学中的应用

Tilling技术是近年来发展起来的一种用于检测点突变的新方法,由于该技术通量高、实验成本低、高效快捷,目前已被广泛应用于农业研究中.随着Tilling技术的不断发展,它将成为遗传学领域中,特别是功能基因组研究中发现基因多态性和大规模筛查基因突变的有效手段.     

类黄酮的新兴提取技术原理、应用及前景

对超临界流体萃取技术、酶工程技术、物理场(超声场和微波场)辅助提取技术、超滤技术、高速逆流色谱提取技术、高速离心分离技术等新兴技术在类酮提取中的原理和应用分别予以论述,并指出了各技术目前存在的主要问题及今后研究的方向。     

家畜胚胎移植技术进展

30年前,胚胎技术或胚胎移植（ET）还是一个时髦的词,今天同样如此,说明其技术的发展是难以想象的。不管其技术怎么发展,但胚胎本身、移植后的存活率以及所生产动物的质量等仍然是检验胚胎技术是否成功的关键因素。因此,胚胎移植技术的研究进展可以用繁殖生物学家如何生产和应用胚胎．以及在大体如何让动物怀孕和繁殖方面传授的知识来衡量。面对起初只是一个狭窄的技术领域到今天巨大的发展变化,我们的教育系统是做得好还是不好呢？所取得的成绩和所学到的东西将被用作评价我们从事工作价值的工具。本文的部分内容已在23^rd World Buiatrics Congress论文集上发表。     

An Atg13 protein-mediated self-association of the Atg1 protein kinase is important for the induction of autophagy

Autophagy pathways in eukaryotic cells mediate the turnover of a diverse set of cytoplasmic components, including damaged organelles and abnormal protein aggregates. Autophagy-mediated degradation is highly regulated, and defects in these pathways have been linked to a number of human disorders. The Atg1 protein kinase appears to be a key site of this control and is targeted by multiple signaling pathways to ensure the appropriate autophagic response to changing environmental conditions. Despite the importance of this kinase, relatively little is known about the molecular details of Atg1 activation. In this study we show that Atg13, an evolutionarily conserved regulator of Atg1, promotes the formation of a specific Atg1 self-interaction in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The appearance of this Atg1-Atg1 complex is correlated with the induction of autophagy, and conditions that disrupt this complex result in diminished levels of both autophagy and Atg1 kinase activity. Moreover, the addition of a heterologous dimerization domain to Atg1 resulted in elevated kinase activity both in vivo and in vitro. The formation of this complex appears to be an important prerequisite for the subsequent autophosphorylation of Thr-226 in the Atg1 activation loop. Previous work indicates that this modification is necessary and perhaps sufficient for Atg1 kinase activity. Interestingly, this Atg1 self-association does not require Atg17, suggesting that this second conserved regulator might activate Atg1 in a manner mechanistically distinct from that of Atg13. In all, this work suggests a model whereby this self-association stimulates the autophosphorylation of Atg1 within its activation loop.     

Genetic aspects of the organization of legumin genes in pea

We have compared physical and genetic maps of the region around the legJ gene in pea. In this vicinity there are four B-type legumin genes, arranged as two close pairs. The detection of a recombination event within this gene cluster allows the orientation of this group of genes within the surrounding linkage group to be determined. The relationship between physical and genetic distances in this region is discussed, as are the implications of this for relating physical and genetic maps elsewhere in the pea genome.     

不同地理飞蝗种群的遗传多样性

用GenBank中飞蝗Locusta migratoriaL.的序列来设计微卫星引物,并对这些引物的有效性进行验证。结果表明,在所设计的3对引物中,只有1对为有效引物,可扩增出微卫星位点。序列分析表明本位点是一个不连续的重复微卫星位点。该多态微卫星位点含有14个等位基因,不同飞蝗地理种群的等位基因数目、大小和频率都存在较大的差异。对该位点各等位基因型进行χ2检验,基因型频率的观察和期望杂合度分别为0.4578和0.8836,该位点不属于Hardy-Weinberg平衡位点(χ2=733.12,P=0.0000)。该微卫星位点表现出高度的多态性说明是分析飞蝗种群遗传多样性的优良分子遗传标记。     

The fallacy of the Principle of Procreative Beneficence

The claim that we have a moral obligation, where a choice can be made, to bring to birth the 'best' child possible, has been highly controversial for a number of decades. More recently Savulescu has labelled this claim the Principle of Procreative Beneficence. It has been argued that this Principle is problematic in both its reasoning and its implications, most notably in that it places lower moral value on the disabled. Relentless criticism of this proposed moral obligation, however, has been unable, thus far, to discredit this Principle convincingly and as a result its influence shows no sign of abating. I will argue that while criticisms of the implications and detail of the reasoning behind it are well founded, they are unlikely to produce an argument that will ultimately discredit the obligation that the Principle of Procreative Beneficence represents. I believe that what is needed finally and convincingly to reveal the fallacy of this Principle is a critique of its ultimate theoretical foundation, the notion of impersonal harm. In this paper I argue that while the notion of impersonal harm is intuitively very appealing, its plausibility is based entirely on this intuitive appeal and not on sound moral reasoning. I show that there is another plausible explanation for our intuitive response and I believe that this, in conjunction with the other theoretical criticisms that I and others have levelled at this Principle, shows that the Principle of Procreative Beneficence should be rejected.     

A mathematical modelling framework for understanding chemorepulsive signal transduction in Dictyostelium

Chemorepulsion is the process by which an organism or a cell moves in the direction of decreasing chemical concentration. While a few experimental studies have been performed, no mathematical models exist for this process. In this paper we have modelled gradient sensing, the first subprocess of chemorepulsion, in Dictyostelium discoideum-a well characterized model eukaryotic system. We take the first steps towards achieving a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of chemorepulsion in this system. We have used, as a basis, the biochemical network of the Keizer-Gunnink et al. (2007) to develop the mathematical modelling framework. This network describes the underlying pathways of chemorepellent gradient sensing in D. discoideum. Working within this modelling framework we address whether the postulated interactions of the pathways and species in this network can lead to a chemorepulsive response. We also analyse the possible role of additional regulatory effects (such as additional receptor regulation of enzymes in this network) and if this is necessary to achieve this behaviour. Thus we have investigated the receptor regulation of important enzymes and feedback effects in the network. This modelling framework generates important insights into and testable predictions regarding the role of key components and feedback loops in regulating chemorepulsive gradient sensing, and what factors might be important for generating a chemorepulsive response; it serves as a first step towards a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of this process.     

静态荧光光谱法研究杜氏盐藻的生长规律

测量了杜氏盐藻不同生长期的静态荧光光谱,得出了杜氏盐藻生长规律曲线。通过与传统的分光光度计法和血球计数板法研究盐藻生长规律的比较发现,该方法反映的是活盐藻细胞浓度的变化情况,更能反映盐藻实际生长规律;不仅操作简便,灵敏度高,而且可以实现远距离非接触测量。     

The role of a beta-bulge in the folding of the beta-hairpin structure in ubiquitin

It is known that the peptide corresponding to the N-terminal beta-hairpin of ubiquitin, U(1-17), can populate the monomeric beta-hairpin conformation in aqueous solution. In this study, we show that the Gly-10 that forms the bulge of the beta-turn in this hairpin is very important to the stability of the hairpin. The deletion of this residue to desG10(1-16) unfolds the structure of the peptide in water. Even under denaturing conditions, this bulge appears to be important in maintaining the residual structure of ubiquitin, which involves tertiary interactions within the sequence 1 to 34 in the denatured state. We surmise that this residual structure functions as one of the nucleation centers in the folding process and is important in stabilizing the transition state. In accordance with this idea, deleting Gly-10 slows down the refolding and unfolding rate by about one half.     

Stages of life: A new metaphysics of conceptionism

When a human being comes into existence is crucial in bioethics. Conceptionism is the view that a human being comes into existence at conception. The twinning argument is an influential objection to this view. All versions of the twinning argument rely on a metaphysics of material objects, namely, endurantism. Given this, a strategy for defending conceptionism against the twinning argument is to deny endurantism and adopt an alternative metaphysics of material objects. A version of this strategy which has been debated in this journal is to adopt perdurantism, or the ‘multiple occupancy view’, on which monozygotic twins share the zygote region as a temporal part. We present a novel version of this strategy: conceptionists can evade the twinning argument by adopting an exdurantist metaphysics of material objects. We suggest reasons for thinking that this is a plausible and, indeed, preferable way for conceptionists to avoid the twinning argument.     

Multi-functional T-DNA/Ds tomato lines designed for gene cloning and molecular and physical dissection of the tomato genome

In order to make the tomato genome more accessible for molecular analysis and gene cloning, we have produced 405 individual tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lines containing a characterized copy of pJasm13, a multifunctional T-DNA/modifiedDs transposon element construct. Both the T-DNA and the Ds element in pJasm13 harbor a set of selectable marker genes to monitor excision and reintegration of Ds and additionally, target sequences for rare cutting restriction enzymes (I-PpoI, SfiI, NotI) and for site-specific recombinases (Cre, FLP, R). Blast analysis of flanking genomic sequences of 174 T-DNA inserts revealed homology to transcribed genes in 69 (40%), of which about half are known or putatively identified as genes and ESTs. The map position of 140 individual inserts was determined on the molecular genetic map of tomato. These inserts are distributed over the 12 chromosomes of tomato, allowing targeted and non-targeted transposon tagging, marking of closely linked genes of interest and induction of chromosomal rearrangements including translocations or creation of saturation-deletions or inversions within defined regions linked to the T-DNA insertion site. The different features of pJasm13 were successfully tested in tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana, thus providing a new tool for molecular/genetic dissection studies, including molecular and physical mapping, mutation analysis and cloning strategies in tomato and potentially, in other plants as well.Equal contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this workEqual contributors to this work     

Resonant Frequency Biofeedback Training to Increase Cardiac Variability: Rationale and Manual for Training

Heart rate and blood pressure, as well as other physiological systems, among healthy people, show a complex pattern of variability, characterized by multifrequency oscillations. There is evidence that these oscillations reflect the activity of homeostatic reflexes. Biofeedback training to increase the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) maximally increases the amplitude of heart rate oscillations only at approximately 0.1 Hz. To perform this task people slow their breathing to this rate to a point where resonance occurs between respiratory-induced oscillations (RSA) and oscillations that naturally occur at this rate, probably triggered in part by baroreflex activity. We hypothesize that this type of biofeedback exercises the baroreflexes, and renders them more efficient. A manual is presented for carrying out this method. Supporting data are provided in Lehrer, Smetankin, and Potapova (2000) in this issue.