转基因植物环境安全性研究进展

随着转基因植物在全球范围内的广泛种植,其环境安全性问题也日益受到重视。对转基因植物的环境安全性问题进行了综述,主要从转基因植物的杂草化、基因漂移、对非靶标和靶标生物的影响等方面阐述了转基因植物对生态环境的影响。     

Cantab Plants

Summary.  A comprehensive account of plants that have their origins at Cambridge University Botanic Garden and known as Cantab plants is presented and literature references given.     

Apoptosis in Plants

Apoptosis is a feature of animal cells that explains some aspects of programmed cell death in plants. Differences between plant and animal cell development require that concepts be reexamined to signify how plant cells have evolved the need for cell elimination in the meristematic growth habit, life cycle, and alternation of generations. Central to this theme is the regulation of divisional cycles for mitosis, meiosis, apomeiosis, and their related sexual and asexual reproductive processes. Apoptosis depends on the coordinated expression of genes regulating divisional cycles and apoptotic pathways so that irreversible nuclear and cytoplasmic elimination occurs. Cellular degradation products are salvaged to sustain adaptation, viability, structural function, and ontogeny. The cell wall is usually retained and further differentiated or eliminated. A model of factors predisposing apoptosis and comprising checkpoints in cell divisional cycles is presented for comparisons among plant and animal cells.     

植物snoRNA

植物体含有的小分子核仁RNA(small nucleolar RNA,snoRNA)是一类典型的非编码RNA,参与rRNA的加工与修饰.该文就植物snoRNA的结构、功能、生物合成与调控研究进展作介绍.     

Masking in Plants

Orcadian rhythms in plants are liable to masking, i.e. alterations by environmental influencing agents. Experiments have been reported for both positive and negative masking, attributed to a Zeitgeber which may either increase or decrease the amplitude of a circadian rhythm (CR). In some instances, the CR may even be unexpressed. This inhibition, however, may be alleviated by synchronizing agents. Reports are also available for changes in the shape or pattern of an oscillation. The latter may be prevented, at least in Acetabularia in certain conditions, by a phytohormone antagonist.

Masking may also be brought about by water stress, relative humidity, bacterial infection and alteration in the relative direction of the gravitational force.

Finally, subjecting plants to constant conditions, particularly continuous light, alters the physiological state of the organism.     

植物体中的MAPK

促细胞分裂剂激活性蛋白激酶（MAPK）是一类存在于各种真核生物体中的丝氨酸/苏氨酸型蛋白激酶。它被上游激活因子MAPKK磷酸化而激活,并通过将底物蛋白上的丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基磷酸化而传递信号。它与其他一些信号分子组成MAPK级联信号通路,接受外界刺激信号,将信号转入细胞内,影响特定基因的表达,它的作用受到不同因子的调节。本文介绍了植物体中的MAPK的结构特点、作用机理、生物功能以及MAPK级联信号通路的调节。     

植物间的相生相克效应

本文介绍了相生相克的定义,相互抑制和刺激促进现象,作用的影响因素,相生相克化合物种类等。首次对其化合物的提取、分离鉴定和生物测试等方法进行了较全面的叙述。从总体上对相生相克作用进行了较系统的评述。     

植物中的葡糖磷酸变位酶

葡糖磷酸变位酶是催化葡糖1磷酸与葡糖6磷酸之间可逆性转化的酶类,在有机体内的糖原合成及利用中起中枢作用。本文综述了葡糖磷酸变位酶在植物中的分布、重要性、功能及分子特性等,重点介绍了关于植物葡糖磷酸变位酶在遗传及分子生物学方面的研究进展和热点,并讨论了研究葡糖磷酸变位酶的理论和实际意义。