水杉愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

通过愈伤组织诱导器官发生途径,建立了水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides）的植株再生体系,探讨了不同外植体（种胚、幼叶切块、茎段、根段）和植物生长调节剂对不定芽直接再生和愈伤组织诱导器官发生的影响。结果表明：以种胚、无菌苗叶片、茎段和根作为外植体,在MS补加2,4-D、NAA和6-BA不同组合的培养基上都能诱导得到愈伤组织,其中种胚诱导愈伤组织效果最好,诱导率可达100%,茎诱导效果次之,诱导率为97.1%。诱导愈伤组织效果较好的培养基有：MS＋1.0mg·L-12,4-D＋0.5mg·L-16-BA、MS＋0.1mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋0.5mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋1.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋0.5mg·L-16-BA＋2.0mg·L-1NAA、MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋2.0mg·L-1NAA和MS＋0.5mg·L-12,4-D＋0.5mg·L-1NAA。以愈伤组织在MS培养基上植株再生效果最好,再生率为62.5%。     

多花黄精诱导愈伤组织与不定芽培养基筛选

以多花黄精Polygonatum cyrtonema的根状茎为外植体,通过L9(34)正交试验比较不同植物生长调节剂及其组合对多花黄精愈伤组织诱导的影响,筛选最适生长调节剂配方,同时筛选通过器官发生方式直接成芽较为合适的培养基。结果表明,含有2,4-D和KT的培养基诱导愈伤组织效果显著,多花黄精愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1 + 2,4-D 0.5 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg·L-1 + KT 1.0 mg·L-1,该培养基的愈伤组织诱导率可达39.10%;培养基MS + 6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.2 mg·L-1可诱导多花黄精根状茎直接产生不定芽。     

文冠果的体细胞胚胎发生

文冠果种子在MS 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA 1.0 mg·L-1 3%蔗糖的固体培养基上暗培养,形成愈伤组织,愈伤组织在B5 6-BA0.5mg·L-1 NAA0.5mg·L-1 2%蔗糖的培养基中弱光悬浮培养形成体细胞胚.在蔗糖为1%时,子叶状胚萌发形成完整小植株.细胞学观察表明,文冠果体细胞胚源于胚性愈伤组织的外层细胞,此区域细胞富含淀粉粒.     

蓝花楹组织培养与快速繁殖研究

以蓝花楹(Jacaranda mimosifolia Humb.et Bonpl.)胚轴为外植体进行组织培养和快繁体系建立的研究。结果表明,蓝花楹种子经40℃-45℃温水浸泡后发芽率较高,达到55.7%。蓝花楹不定芽和愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基分别为MS+6-BA2.0 mg L-1+NAA 0.1 mg L-1+2,4-D 0.1 mg L-1和M S+6-BA 0.5 mg L-1+NAA 1.0 mg L-1+2,4-D 1.0 mg L-1。不定芽和愈伤组织增殖的最适培养基分别为改良MS培养基+6-BA 0.5 mg L-1+NAA 0.5 mg L-1+IBA 0.5 mg L-1和MS+6-BA 1.0 mg L-1+NAA 0.5 mg L-1+ZT 3.0 mg L-1。愈伤组织分化最适培养基为M S+BA 1.0 mg L-1+NAA 0.5 mg L-1+2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1。最适生根培养基为1/2MS+蔗糖20 g L-1+NAA 0.1 mg L-1+活性炭2.0 g L-1,生根率达78.3%。     

枇杷叶荚蒾的愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以枇杷叶荚蒾幼叶为外植体,MS为基本培养基,研究不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节物质对愈伤组织诱导、分化及生根的影响,建立了枇杷叶荚蒾再生体系。结果表明:枇杷叶荚蒾最佳灭菌组合为75%酒精预处理20s,再用0.1%HgC12浸泡12min;最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.25mg·L-1+2,4-D1.0mg·L-1,诱导率最高达92%;最适芽分化培养基为MS+6-BA1.5mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1,分化率达87.25%;适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA1.0mg·L-1,生根率达85%。     

影响茎用芥菜愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的因素

茎用芥菜子叶培养在MS 0.25 mg·L-1NAA 0.5 mg·L-16-BA 0.25 mg·L-12,4-D培养基上,可获得较高质量的愈伤组织.愈伤组织培养在MS 1～1 mg·L-16-BA 0.2 mg·L-1NAA培养基上分化频率为8.3%,而在加有羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素的培养基上,最高分化频率可达52.4%.将获得的再生植株转移到1/2MS 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA的生根培养基中,可获得完整植株.     

火焰兰杂交种的胚培养和离体快繁

1植物名称火焰兰杂交种(Renanthera CoCCinea×R.imschootiana). 2材料类别种子. 3培养条件种子萌发培养基:(1)VW;(2)VW 椰子乳100mL·L-1;(3)KC;(4)KC 椰子乳100mL·L-1;(5)VW 椰子乳100mL·L-1 活性炭2 g·L-1(6)1/2MS 椰子乳100 mL·L-1.叶片离体培养基:(7)VW 2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 2.5 NAA0.2;(8)VW 2,4-D 2.0 6-BA 5.0 NAA 0.5.原球茎继代增殖:(9)花宝1号1.5 g·L-1 花宝2号1.5g·L-1 椰子乳100 mL·L1 6-BA 1.0 NAA 1.0;(10)VW 椰子乳100mL·L-1 6-BA 1.0 NAA 1.0.生根壮苗培养基:(11)花宝1号3 g·L-1 蛋白胨2 g·L-1 活性炭2 g·L-1 NAA 0.5 6-BA 0.2;(12)花宝1号1 g·L-1 花宝2号1 g·L-1 蛋白胨2 g·L-1 活性炭2g·L-1 NAA 0.5 6-BA 0.2.以上培养基均加1.5%蔗糖、0.6%琼脂,pH 5.2～5.4,培养温度(25±2)℃,光照度1 500～2000 lx,光照时间12 h·d-1.     

外源激素对杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响

以杜衡(Asarum forbesii Maxim.)叶柄为外植体,采用L9(34)正交实验设计分别研究了培养基中外源激素的种类及质量浓度对杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,并据此筛选出适宜的诱导及分化培养基.结果表明:在杜衡叶柄愈伤组织的诱导过程中,培养基中细胞分裂素的种类(1.00 mg·L-16-BA、1.00 mg·L-1KT和1.00 mg·L-1ZT)和NAA质量浓度(0.00、0.10和0.30 mg·L-1)的影响效应均不显著,而2,4-D质量浓度(0.10、0.50和1.00 mg·L-1)则有显著影响(P<0.05);在愈伤组织的分化培养过程中,NAA(0.10、0.30和0.50 mg·L-1)的影响效应大于6-BA(1.00、3.00和5.00 mg·L-1)和IBA(0.01、0.05和0.10 mg·L-1).综合比较结果显示,适宜于杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导的培养基为添加1.00 mg·L-16-BA、0.30 mg·L-1NAA和1.00 mg·L-12,4-D的MS培养基(含6.5 g·L-1琼脂和30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH 5.8～pH 6.0),在此培养基上愈伤组织诱导率达到83.33%,且愈伤组织生长速度快、颗粒紧密;适宜于杜衡愈伤组织分化和不定芽增殖的培养基为添加3.00 mg·L-16-BA、0.10 mg·L-1IBA和0.30 mg·L-1NAA的MS培养基(含6.5 g·L-1琼脂和30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH 5.8～pH 6.0),在此培养基上愈伤组织的分化率最高(达到53.33%),增殖系数也最高(3.13).     

红掌气生根根段再生快繁体系的建立

以红掌气生根根段为材料,诱导再生团块产生,进而分化出苗,形成快速繁殖系统.培养基1/2MS 6-BA1.0mg·L-1 2,4-D 0.6 mg·L-1适于气生根的保持和繁殖,1/2MS 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D 0.2 mg·L-1适于诱导气生根再生团块的产生,MS 6-BA 1.0mg·L-1 2,4-D0.2mg·L-1可使再生团块分化成苗.不论是愈伤组织,还是再生团块,出现绿色组织是分化所必需的.添加2,4-D、6-BA和2,4-D的适当比例、MS培养基的无机盐浓度在再生团块的诱导与分化成苗中起重要作用.     

速生欧美黑杨愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

1植物名称速生欧美黑杨(Populus euramericana). 2材料类别一年生幼嫩的健壮枝条. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS培养基.愈伤组织诱导及芽分化培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.3 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01;(2)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.03;(3)MS 6-BA 1.5 NAA 0.3;(4)MS KT 0.5 NAA0.03;(5)MS KT 1.0 NAA 0.2;(6)MS 6-BA 0.5 2,4-D 0.3;(7)MS 6-BA 0.3 IAA 0.5;(8)MS 6-BA 0.3 IBA 0.5.芽继代增殖培养基:(9)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1;(10)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA0.1 GA32.0.生根培养基:(11)MS IBA 2.0.以上培养基中的蔗糖除生根培养基加30 g·L-1外,均附加40 g·L-1,琼脂6 g·L-1.培养温度(25±2)℃,光照12 h·d-1,光照度1500 lx.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism