黄海和渤海多毛类环节动物锥头虫科和异毛虫科新种记述

最近整理1957年中苏海洋生物考察队及1957—1958年中国科学院海洋研究所考察队在黄渤海沿岸采集的多毛类环节动物管栖亚纲(Sedentaria)标本时,我们发现了稀少的锥头虫科(Orbiniidae)和异毛虫科(Paraonidae)的代表,到现在为止这两个科在我国还没有人报导过。在锥头虫科中有3个新种和两个新亚种;异毛虫科一个新亚种,现记述于后。 新种完模标本保存在青岛中国科学院海洋研究所,所有重复标本包括副模标本保存在青岛中国科学院海洋研究所及列宁格勒苏联科学院动物研究所。     

黄海多毛类帚毛虫及其幼虫发育

多毛类(Polychaeta)帚毛虫科(Sabellariidae)目前全世界大约有60种。印度、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、缅甸和马来西亚报告了10种(Achari,1974),日本有5种(今岛实等,1964)。中国海的帚毛虫迄今还无人进行过研究,根据我们的调查大约有10种,其中大都分布在南海,东海仅采到1种,黄海发现两种,即本文报告的锥毛似帚虫Lygdamisgiardi和亚洲帚毛虫Sabellaria ishikawai,这两种在我国均系新记录。 锥毛似帚虫和亚洲帚毛虫都是在青岛胶州湾采到的,1962—1966年我们进行多毛类幼虫研究时,用浮游生物网拖到了帚毛虫的幼虫,在实验室培养,变态后经鉴定就是锥毛似帚虫和亚洲帚毛虫。现将黄海发现的这两种帚毛虫及其幼虫发育描述如下。幼虫培养是在实验室内进行,饵料是菱形藻Nitzschia sp.和中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum。所有幼虫图系用显微绘图器描绘。     

油桐黄毒蛾生物学观察

<正> 油桐黄毒蛾Euproctis latifascia Walker属鳞翅目毒蛾科,是广西南宁、百色、河池等地山区县为害春玉米的黑毛虫主要种类。白毒蛾与八点灰灯蛾Creatonotus transiens(Walker)等混合发生,数量比例占黑毛虫总数的62.2％。此虫食性较杂,田间主要为害玉米幼苗,另外也为害荞麦、白菜、萝卜、甘蓝等作物。我们从1979—1981年对该虫的生活习性和防治进行了研究,     

缓步动物门三新种及一新记录种记述

记述了得自云南省和河南省苔藓与丝状绿藻中的缓步动物门三新种和一新记录种:异缓步纲棘影熊虫科的西藏角棘影熊虫新记录种 Cornechiniscus tibetanus)Maucci, 1979)和石林假棘影熊虫,新种 Pseudechiniscus shilinensis sp. nov.;真缓步纲大生熊虫科的河南趾生熊虫,新种 Dactylobiotus henanensis sp. nov.;高生熊虫科的昆明高生熊虫,新种 Hypsibius kunmingensis sp. nov..       

西藏三种苔藓栖生纤毛虫的形态和系统发育分析

本研究利用活体观察和蛋白银染色方法对采自西藏日喀则和那曲的3种苔藓栖生纤毛虫,鬃异源棘尾虫(Tetmemena pustulata)、棘毛虫未定种(Sterkiella sp.)和殖口虫未定种(Gonostomum sp.)进行了形态学研究,描述了活体、核器以及纤毛图式等形态学特征.同时,测定了这3种纤毛虫的SSU r...     

甘肃农田四种土壤腹毛类纤毛虫（纤毛门， 旋毛纲，腹毛亚纲）的形态学研究

利用非淹没培养皿法、活体观察法和蛋白银染色法,对采自甘肃临夏县和会宁县农田土壤的4种腹毛类纤毛虫,即柠檬管膜虫(Cyrtohymena citrina)、背触毛拟腹柱虫(Gastrostylides dorsicirratus)、沙栖蠕形尖毛虫(Vermioxytricha arenicola)和半残毛虫属一种(Hemisincirra sp.)进行了研究。结果表明,柠檬管膜虫、背触毛拟腹柱虫和沙栖蠕形尖毛虫为中国纤毛虫分布新记录种。半残毛虫属一种因缺失相关分类学、细胞发生学和分子学信息,此处暂作为未定名种处理。文中对4种纤毛虫的形态学特征进行了详细描述和讨论。     

污损性管栖多毛类生态特点及研究展望

污损性管栖多毛类属环节动物门,主要由龙介虫科(Serpulidae)、螺旋虫科(Spirorbidae)、缨鳃虫科(Sabellidae)和蛰龙介科(Terebllidae)4科55种组成,以华美盘管虫(Hydroides elegans)、内刺盘管虫(H.ezoensis)、龙介虫(Serpula vermicularis)和克氏无襟毛虫(Pomatoleios kraussii)等种类为优势种,通常成批的附着在物体表面,严重影响人工设施的安全和性能。污损性管栖多毛类的分布具有明显的地域性和季节性,并与深度有关。今后工作应进一步开展管栖多毛类基础生物学研究,探讨外来种的入侵及影响,丰富和发展生态和分类等方面的研究内容。     

日照岚山港邻近海域大型底栖动物群落结构及季节变化

于2015年4、8、10和12月在日照岚山港邻近海域10个站位进行了4个季度大型底栖动物定量调查。共鉴定出大型底栖生物8门118种, 其中多毛类动物63种, 为优势类群; 另外甲壳动物27种、软体动物19种、棘皮动物4种和其它类群5种。主要优势种有独指虫(Aricidea fragilis)、奇异稚齿虫(Paraprionospio pinnata)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia)、仿盲蟹(Typholcarcinops sp.)和拟特须虫(Paralacydonia paradoxa)等。调查海域大型底栖动物年平均丰度和生物量分别为(368 ±257) ind·m-2和(13.52±9.95) g·m-2, 均存在季节性差异(p<0.05)。多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)和丰富度指数(d)的平均值分别为3.00、0.87和1.87。聚类分析结果表明, 调查海域北部站位相似性较高, 近岸和南部的站位相似性较高。ABC曲线分析表明, 4月、8月和10月大型底栖动物群落未受到扰动, 12月呈现中度扰动, 可能与港口海洋工程有关。     

陕西缓步动物二新纪录种记述

记述了陕西省2个缓步动物新纪录种,它们是毕氏假棘影熊虫Pseudechiniscus facettalis(异缓步纲,棘影科)和介小生熊虫Minibiotus intermedius(真缓步纲,高生熊虫科)。     

江西省缓步动物四个新纪录种记述

本文报道了江西省缓步动物4个新记录种:双裂角棘影熊虫Cornechiniscus lobatusRamazzotti,1943(异缓步纲,棘影熊虫科),节值大生熊虫Macrobiotus harmsworthiMurray,1907(真缓步纲,大生熊虫科),胡氏大生熊虫Macrobiotus hufelandiSchultze,1833(大生熊虫科)和杜氏高生熊虫Hypsibius dujardiniDoyére,1840(高生熊虫科)。     

中国海鼓虾科角鼓虾属分类研究(甲壳亚门,十足目)

对中国海鼓虾科角鼓虾属系统分类进行了研究.角鼓虾全世界共记录34种,其中中国海记录了9种.本文中记录中国海分布的角鼓虾属Athanas 8种,其中对中国海2新纪录种A.polymorphus Kemp和A.squillophilus Hayashi,进行了描记,并提供了中国角鼓虾种检索表.在中国的材料中:A.japonicus、A.ohsimai、A.polymorphus及A.squillophilus 4种的螯足表现了多态性,A.ohsimai和A.squillophilus的螯足多态性也是首次发现和记载.所有研究测量标本均保存在中国科学院海洋研究所.     

中国海毛颚类物种多样性的研究

中国海已记录毛颚类有37种,可分为3个生态类群,即暖水性、暖温性和深水类群。种数是由北往南、由近岸向外海递增。中国海毛颚类可划分暖温带区系、热带- 暖温带混合区系和热带大洋区系。大多数种类广泛分布于印度洋、大西洋和太平洋等水域。     

Marine biodiversity of Costa Rica: class Polychaeta (Annelida)

Three hundred and thirty two species of polychaetes belonging to 50 families are reported for Costa Rica based on previously published reports. In a few families, available material was re-examined and appropriate changes in species identifications were made. Only three species, (Glycera oxycephala Ehlers, 1887; Hemipodia pustulata (Friedrich 1956); and Scolepis (Scolepis) squamata (Miller, 1806)) have been reported from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, and these three species have also been reported from the Pacific Coast. The families with more than 15 species are the Spionidae (26), Cirratulidae (24), Nereididae (21), Lumbrineridae (19) and Paraonidae (16). Despite extensive sampling on the Pacific coast over the last 25 years, the Costa Rican polychaete fauna, especially that of the Caribbean coast, remains poorly known.     

中国海物种的一般特点

中国海已记录20 278个物种,它们隶属于5个界、44个门,其中,有12个门是海洋特有的。中国海洋的物种比淡水多,比陆地少。物种数由北往南递增。中国海洋的物种有暖水种、温水种和广分布种。许多热带海洋生物分布的北界和一些温带海洋生物分布的的南缘就在中国海域。     

中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化

2006年7-8月、12月-2007年2月、2007年4-5月、2007年10-12月,对中国近海进行了4个航次生物、化学和水文等专业综合调查.根据采集的浮游动物样品分析鉴定结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落结构、种类组成及优势种的季节变化进行研究.结果表明,中国近海浮游动物有1330种,隶属于7门19大类群,浮游幼体47类,其中,节肢动物为最优势类群,有782种,占58.80％,其次为刺胞动物,有324种,占24.36％.在浮游动物群落结构中,4个海区均以桡足类和水母类的种类和数量占绝对优势.中国近海4个海区浮游动物种类数有明显季节变化,渤海和黄海,浮游动物种类数夏、秋季多于春、冬季;东海和南海,浮游动物种类数春、夏季多于秋、冬季.中国近海浮游动物群落大体可划分为6个主要生态类群:近岸低盐类群、低温高盐类群、高温高盐类群、低温广盐类群、高温广盐类群和广温广盐类群.结合同步调查的其它生物、水文、化学环境参数的分析结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落种类丰度与环境因子进行生物与环境变量关系分析,结果表明,浮游动物群落结构与水温、盐度、水深、溶解氧、硝酸盐和pH存在明显相关关系.水温和盐度是影响浮游动物群落结构最重要的两个环境因子.     

Spatial pattern indicates an influence of barnacle and ascidian aggregations on the surrounding benthic assemblage

Joint clusters of solitary ascidians Styela spp., Bolthenia echinata (L.), Molgula spp. and barnacles Balanus crenatus Bruguiere in the White Sea subtidal often develop on shells or stones partially buried into muddy sediment. To assess the structuring role of these suspension-feeders' aggregations, we examined the spatial patterns of the surrounding infaunal assemblage. Pairs of cores obtained close to clusters (Close ones) and 20-25 cm away from them (Distant ones) were compared, the distance corresponding to the average distance observed between aggregations. These pairs were spatially grouped in replicas (blocks) tens of meters from each other. Out of 10 dominating invertebrate species found around the clusters (84 in total), 5 demonstrated significant difference in density (N) close to aggregations and between them. All the five, including polychaets Scoloplos armiger (Muller, Orbiniidae), Aricidea nolani (Eliason, Paraonidae), Heteromastus filiformis Zachs (Capitellidae), Chaetozone setosa Malmgren (Cirratulidae) and undetermined oligochaets, were associated with Close cores. Total abundance of polychaets, oligochaets, crustaceans and bivalves was also different in Close and Distant cores and indicated significant correlations (of either sign) with biomass estimates for barnacles and ascidians in each block. Individual mean body weight (IMW) in pairs of cores was different for 3 of 10 dominants, maldanid polychaets being larger close to clusters, and cirratulids being larger between them. For several taxa the difference, observed in both parameters (N and IMW), significantly varied between the replicas.Filter-feeding activity and faeces production are regarded as the main possible factors explaining the effect of barnacles and ascidians presence, since the spatial pattern observed corresponds with feeding types of the infaunal taxa studied. Average distance between the clusters was short enough, which allows us to conclude that the spatial distribution pattern of benthic infaunal species within the research area strongly depends on barnacle and ascidian aggregations mosaic.     

Questa (Annelida, Polychaeta, Orbiniidae) from Pacific regions — new species and reassessment of the genus Periquesta

On the basis of new material from various Pacific regions we critically evaluate the characters for the taxonomy of the genus Questa and the former Questidae, a taxon now concluded to be a lineage within the family Orbiniidae. Two new species, Questa retrospermatica sp. n. from Hawaii (with similar forms also from New Caledonia and China), and Questa fijiensis sp. n. from Fiji, are described, and the morphological character patterns and phylogeny of the genus are revisited on the basis of a cladistic analysis. The finding of Hawaiian material of a new species, Levinsenia hawaiiensis sp. n., similar to Periquesta canariensis Brito & Nunez, 2002 (=Levinsenia canariensis comb. n.), challenges the view that Periquesta Brito & Nunez, 2002 is closely related to Questa; rather, it belongs to Paraonidae as a junior synonym of Levinsenia Mesnil, 1897.     

Status of Marine Biodiversity of the China Seas

China''s seas cover nearly 5 million square kilometers extending from the tropical to the temperate climate zones and bordering on 32,000 km of coastline, including islands. Comprehensive systematic study of the marine biodiversity within this region began in the early 1950s with the establishment of the Qingdao Marine Biological Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since that time scientists have carried out intensive multidisciplinary research on marine life in the China seas and have recorded 22,629 species belonging to 46 phyla. The marine flora and fauna of the China seas are characterized by high biodiversity, including tropical and subtropical elements of the Indo-West Pacific warm-water fauna in the South and East China seas, and temperate elements of North Pacific temperate fauna mainly in the Yellow Sea. The southern South China Sea fauna is characterized by typical tropical elements paralleled with the Philippine-New Guinea-Indonesia Coral triangle typical tropical faunal center.This paper summarizes advances in studies of marine biodiversity in China''s seas and discusses current research mainly on characteristics and changes in marine biodiversity, including the monitoring, assessment, and conservation of endangered species and particularly the strengthening of effective management. Studies of (1) a tidal flat in a semi-enclosed embayment, (2) the impact of global climate change on a cold-water ecosystem, (3) coral reefs of Hainan Island and Xisha-Nansha atolls, (4) mangrove forests of the South China Sea, (5) a threatened seagrass field, and (6) an example of stock enhancement practices of the Chinese shrimp fishery are briefly introduced. Besides the overexploitation of living resources (more than 12.4 million tons yielded in 2007), the major threat to the biodiversity of the China seas is environmental deterioration (pollution, coastal construction), particularly in the brackish waters of estuarine environments, which are characterized by high productivity and represent spawning and nursery areas for several economically important species. In the long term, climate change is also a major threat. Finally, challenges in marine biodiversity studies are briefly discussed along with suggestions to strengthen the field. Since 2004, China has participated in the Census of Marine Life, through which advances in the study of zooplankton and zoobenthos biodiversity were finally summarized.     

中国海鼓虾科阿莱鼓虾属分类研究(甲壳亚门,十足目)

阿莱鼓虾属 Arete Stimpson曾被多个研究者作为Athanas Leach角鼓虾属的异名处理(Banner and Banner,1960,1973;Chace,1988;Miya and Miyake,1968),作者认为Kemp(1915)描述Athanus polymorphus多形角鼓虾出现的第2胸足腕节4节为形态变异,第2胸足腕节分节情况完全可以将两属分开,阿莱鼓虾属应该做有效属处理.文中记述了中国海分布的3个种.borradailei,A.dorsdis,A.indicus,其中A.Borradailei为中国海首次报道.文中详细描述A.borradailei,并提供了世界阿莱鼓虾属种的检索表.所有研究标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所.     

中国鼬鳚科鱼类二新纪录种暨亚科、属和种的分类检索

记述了采自中国南海外海深水区的鼬鳚科鱼类2新纪录种:光口索深鼬鳚Bassozetus levistomatus Machida及圆吻棘鼬鳚Hoplobrotula badia Machida,并编制了中国已知的鼬鳚科4亚科19属35种的检索表。