Minimum inhibitory concentration of smoke wood extracts against spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms associated with foods

Antimicrobial activity of seven commercial smoke preparations (four liquid and three solid) was studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against a selection of food spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms. The main smoke components were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The most effective condensate was S2. All strains except Salmonella enteritidis were inhibited by S2 with an MIC <0·5–1·5%. Smoke extract L2 inhibited growth of Vibrio vulnificus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, L. inocua, Brochothrix thermosphacta and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis with an MIC of <0·2–0·8%. The condensate L3 inhibited effectively V. vulnificus, B. subtilis, L. innocua and Staph. aureus. L1, L4, S1 and S3 had no inhibitory effects at levels tested against most micro-organisms. Vibrio vulnificus was the most susceptible micro-organism to test compounds. The antimicrobial activity of smoke preparations was related to the concentration of phenols.     

江西迷迭香精油的成分分析及抗氧化、抑菌活性研究

为了研究江西迷迭香精油的化学成分及抗氧化、抑菌活性,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取迷迭香精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对迷迭香精油成分进行分析,通过对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除活性和还原力来研究迷迭香精油的体外抗氧化活性;通过以枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为供试菌,测定抑菌圈大小和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)来研究迷迭香精油的抑菌活性。实验结果表明,从迷迭香精油中鉴定出40种化学成分,占精油总量的99.46%,其主要化学成分有α-蒎烯(39.05%)和1,8-桉叶素(16.86%),其次是莰烯(4.22%)、D-柠檬烯(3.87%)、龙脑(3.74%)、β-石竹烯(3.11%)等,α-蒎烯的含量高于国内其他产地;迷迭香精油对DPPH、羟基自由基和还原力的半数清除率IC₅₀值分别为76.42、51.40和49.15μL/mL;精油对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈大小分别为14.40±0.66、11.41±0.19、11.70±0.27 mm,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为2.50、10.00、10.00μL/mL,对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用明显强于金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。结果表明迷迭香精油具有较好的抗氧化、抑菌活性。     

紫芝酸性三萜类化合物体外抑癌和抑菌作用的研究

采用噻唑蓝比色(MTT)法研究紫芝酸性三萜对几种癌细胞体外增殖的影响,并用管碟法检测了紫芝胞内酸性三萜对几种细菌和霉菌的体外抑菌作用。结果表明,紫芝胞内酸性三萜和胞外酸性三萜在250μg/mL时,对人肝癌细胞BEL7402和人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),但对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901没有显著抑制作用(P>0.05)。BEL7402细胞的生长曲线试验表明,胞内酸性三萜组的细胞受到显著抑制,未出现指数增长期,且BEL7402细胞培养3d后,对照组细胞数目多、均匀,而胞内酸性三萜组的细胞数目明显减少,且细胞变小。抑菌试验结果表明,胞内酸性三萜在40mg/mL时,对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus的生长均具有显著抑制作用(P<0.01),对枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtitis和青霉的Penicillium chrysogenum抑制作用较弱;而在此浓度下对黑曲霉Aspergillus niger没有抑制作用。该样品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉和青霉的MIC分别为20mg/mL、20mg/mL、40mg/mL、80mg/mL和40mg/mL。此外,该酸性三萜的抑菌成分在60℃下(处理2h)较稳定,但在80℃以上,热稳定性较差,活性降低。     

Studies on Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, as potential probiotics, on the immune response and resistance of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) to challenge infections

The probiotic activity of two bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus) was evaluated by its effect on the immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), beside its protective effect against challenge infections. Furthermore, their in-vitro inhibitory activity was evaluated. The in-vitro antimicrobial assay showed that Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila. The B. subtilis inhibited the development of P. fluorescens while L. acidophilus inhibited the growth of Strept. iniae. The B. subtilis and L. acidophilus proved harmless when injected in the O. niloticus. The feed, containing a mixture of B. subtilis and L. acidophilus or B. subtilis alone, showed significantly greater numbers of viable cells than feed containing L. acidophilus only after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of storage at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The survival rate and the body-weight gain were significantly increased in the fish given B. subtilis and L. acidophilus for one and two months after application. The hematocrit values showed a significant increase in the group that received the mixture of B. subtilis and L. acidophilus compared with the control group. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, neutrophil adherence and lysozyme activity, showed a significant increase in all the probiotic-treated groups after 1 and 2 months of feeding, when compared with the untreated control group. The serum bactericidal activity was high in the group that was given a mixture of the two bacteria. The relative level of protection (RLP) was significantly higher against A. hydrophila, in the bacterial mixture treated group and against P. fluorescens in the L. acidophilus treated group, after one month of the feeding trial. A significantly higher RLP, against A. hydrophila or P. fluorescens, was noticed after 2 months of the feeding trial in the group given a mixture of the two bacteria, and against Strept. iniae in the group fed a diet containing L. acidophilus.     

苍术挥发油的提取及其抑菌活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、微波萃取法和索氏提取法3种方法提取苍术挥发油。平板法涂布研究了3种苍术挥发油对3种细菌和4种真菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),滤纸片固相扩散法研究了苍术挥发油对供试菌体的抑菌活性。结果表明,3种方法提取的苍术挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母、青霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉的MIC分别为:水蒸气蒸馏法为5.00、150.00、150.00、5.00、5.00、5.00、20.00 mL/L;索氏提取法的为10.00、150.00、200.00、20.00、5.00、60.00、40.00 mL/L;微波萃取法的为10.00、150.00、150.00、20.00、20.00、20.00、20.00 mL/L。3种苍术挥发油对供试细菌和真菌都具有相当强的抑菌活性,且浓度越高效果越好。抑菌实验表明3种方法提取的苍术挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、酵母、青霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉的抑菌圈直径都比对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径大。不同提取方法得到的苍术挥发油对同一种菌的最低抑制浓度和抑菌效果不相同,同一种方法提取的苍术挥发油对不同菌的最低抑制浓度和抑菌效果也不相同。     

Complexes of 2-thiophenecarbonyl and isonicotinoyl hydrazones of 3-(N-methyl)isatin. A study of their antimicrobial activity

Cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 2-thiophenecarbonyl and isonicotinoyl hydrazones of 3-(N-methyl)isatin (HL(1) and HL(2), respectively) were synthesized and characterized, being the crystal structures of HL(1), HL(2) and [Ni(L(1))(2)].2CHCl(3) elucidated by X-ray diffraction techniques. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of all these compounds was tested against several bacteria and fungi. HL(1)and its complexes exhibited a strong inhibition of the growth of Haemophilus influenzae (MIC 0.15-1.50microg/mL) and good antibacterial properties towards Bacillus subtilis (MIC 3-25microg/mL). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the lowest concentration of compound inhibiting the growth of each strain. The antibacterial effectiveness was confirmed against a number of Gram positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Yeasts and moulds showed a low susceptibility, except the dermatophyte mould Epidermophyton floccosum that is inhibited at concentrations ranging from 6 to 50microg/mL. In general, the antimicrobial activity of the thiophene derivatives was greater than that of the isonicotinic analogues.     

Antimicrobial activity of organic extracts isolated from Aplysina fistularis (Demospongiae: Aplysinidae)

Organic extracts of the sponge Aplysina fistularis (Pallas 1766) were tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and toxic activity of extract were determined. Susceptibility trials of organic fractions obtained by VLC: Hexane, EtOAc and CHCl3 showed that EtOAc fraction has antibacterial activity against E. coli, while CHCl3 fraction inhibited E. coli and S. aureus growth. The later refractioning of EtOAc fraction and the biodirected assays showed that fractions F12 and F13 of EtOAc/Hex and EtOAc F14 were bioactive against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Only EtOAc/MeOH Sf2 from subfractionig of EtOAc F14 produced inhibition for E. coli and S. aureus. In Sf2 EtOAc/MeOH, MIC was moderate for S. aureus (MIC > 256 g/ml). F4 CHCl3/MeOH produced a high inhibition in S. aureus (MIC = 0.125 g/ml) and for E. coli (MIC > 16 g/ml). F10 CHCl3/MeOH showed a moderate activity against S. aureus (MIC > 128 g/ml) and low activity against E. coli (MIC = 512 g/ml). F10 CHCL3/MeOH did no present toxic activity against Artemia salina. The fractiorts F4 CHCL3/MeOH and Sf2 EtOAc/MeOH were toxic for this organism when the concentration was higher than 100 microg/ml. LC50 in both cases was 548.4 and 243.4 microg/ml respectively. Secondary metabolites of medium polarity obtained from A. fistularis have a wide spectrum of anti bacterial activity. Toxicity analysis suggests that only F10 CHCL3/MeOH has potential as an antimicrobial agent for clinical use.     

矾冰纳米乳对临床常见病原菌体外抗菌活性的研究

研究纳米化提高白矾与冰片复合物体外抗菌活性的效果。分别采用琼脂扩散法、体外杀菌试验及试管稀释法,测定白矾与冰片O/W型复合纳米乳对临床常见病原菌的体外抑菌、杀菌效果及最低抑菌浓度(MIC),实验中以等浓度矾冰液作为对照。结果显示,矾冰纳米乳对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白假丝酵母菌的抑制及杀灭活性均明显强于矾冰液(P0.05)。矾冰纳米乳对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌临床菌株MIC90值分别为1.02、2.04和2.04 mg/mL,均明显低于矾冰液的MIC90值(P0.05)。上述实验结果提示,矾冰纳米乳与矾冰液均有广谱体外抑菌及杀菌活性,白矾及冰片复合物纳米化可提高抗菌效果。     

黑大蒜提取物联合抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和肠埃希菌的体外抗菌作用研究

评价黑大蒜提取物分别与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合应用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌效应。采用液体稀释法分别测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。采用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林或庆大霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,并计算部分抑菌浓度（FIC指数）。测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的时间-杀菌曲线。黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为256μg/mL,黑大蒜提取物对大肠埃希菌的MIC为256μg/mL。时间-杀菌曲线结果显示黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用呈现较强的浓度依赖性。黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林后对金黄色葡萄球菌的FIC指数为0.75;黑大蒜提取物联合庆大霉素后对大肠埃希菌的FIC指数为0.5。黑大蒜提取物与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合用药,可明显降低抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,表现为相加和协同效应。     

抗菌肽对种植体周围炎主要致病菌生长抑制作用的研究

目的研究抗菌肽KSL及其衍生物KSL—W对种植体周围炎主要致病菌的体外抑菌效果。方法应用二倍稀释法检测KSL和KSL—W对血链球菌、具梭核杆菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）;MTT法检测KSL和KSL—W对成骨样细胞MG-63的细胞毒性。结果KSL和KSL—W对具梭核杆菌的MIC和MBC分别为0．0156mg／mL和0．0313mg／mL,对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的MIC和MBC分别为0．125mg／mL和0．5mg／mL,在0．5mg／mL的浓度范围内对血链球菌没有抑制作用;KSL和KSL-W在0．5mg／mL的浓度范围内没有细胞毒性。结论KSL和KSL—W没有细胞毒性,对具梭核杆菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有抑制作用。     

Human-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri demonstrate antimicrobial activities targeting diverse enteric bacterial pathogens

Lactobacillus reuteri is a commensal-derived anaerobic probiotic that resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. L. reuteri converts glycerol into a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound, reuterin, which inhibits the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we compared four human-derived L. reuteri isolates (ATCC 55730, ATCC PTA 6475, ATCC PTA 4659 and ATCC PTA 5289) in their ability to produce reuterin and to inhibit the growth of different enteric pathogens in vitro. Reuterin was produced by each of the four L. reuteri strains and assessed for biological activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of reuterin derived from each strain was determined for the following enteric pathogens: enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei and Vibrio cholerae. We also analyzed the relative abilities of L. reuteri to inhibit enteric pathogens in a pathogen overlay assay. The magnitude of reuterin production did not directly correlate with the relative ability of L. reuteri to suppress the proliferation of enteric pathogens. Additional antimicrobial factors may be produced by L. reuteri, and multiple factors may act synergistically with reuterin to inhibit enteric pathogens.     

嗜酸乳杆菌S-层蛋白联合抗生素对Escherichia coli和Staphylococcus aureus的抑制作用研究

旨在检测嗜酸乳杆菌S-层蛋白以及S-层蛋白与抗生素联用对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的抑制作用。采用液体发酵培养法获得嗜酸乳杆菌菌体,LiCl法提取S-层蛋白粗提物,凝胶过滤层析法纯化S-层蛋白,分别用E.coli和S.aureus处理Caco-2细胞2 h后,考察S-层蛋白在不同浓度和不同作用时间条件下对E.coli和S.aureus的抑制作用,并考察S-层蛋白联合抗生素对E.coli和S.aureus的抑制作用,实验分组:(1)空白对照;(2)嗜酸乳杆菌组;(3)S-层蛋白组;(4)抗生素组;(5)嗜酸乳杆菌+抗生素组;(6)S-层蛋白+抗生素组。结果显示,液体发酵得到嗜酸乳杆菌菌体,提取并纯化得到S-层蛋白;S-层蛋白对E.coli和S.aureus有很好的抑制效果,具有浓度依赖性,高浓度下抑制率达到42.2%和31.7%,差异极显著(P<0.01),且在E.coli和S.aureus作用的短时间内干预效果明显,0 h时的抑制率分别达到59.3%和48.4%;S-层蛋白联合抗生素的抑菌率分别达到81.7%和79.3%,差异极显著(P<0.01),效果优于单独使用抗生素。嗜酸乳杆菌S-层蛋白具有较强的抑菌作用,可以与抗生素联用,有望开发称为一种新型的抗菌药物。     

Synthesis, molecular modeling and preliminary biological evaluation of a set of 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole as potential antibacterial, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and antifungal agents

A series of 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives was synthesized and their activity screened in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Candida albicans. The bioactivity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus strains, and as fifty-percent inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of parasite population growth for T. cruzi. A molecular modeling approach was performed to establish qualitative relationships regarding the biological data and the compounds' physicochemical properties. The 5-(4-OC(4)H(9)Ph, 5l), and 5-(4-CO(2)CH(3)Ph, 5o) derivatives were the most active compounds for S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=1.95-1.25 μg/mL) and T. cruzi (IC(50)=7.91 μM), respectively. Also, a preliminary evaluation against C. albicans involving some compounds was performed and the 5-(4-CH(3)Ph, 5e) derivative was the most active compound (MIC=3.28-2.95 μg/mL). In this preliminary study, all synthesized 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were active against all microorganisms tested.     

两种天然植物提取物的抑菌效果的快速评价与比较

本文研究了绿茶和桑叶提取物在不同浓度时对细菌的抑制作用,采用D值计算法快速评价了它们的抑菌效果。结果表明,绿茶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑制浓度分别为0.034%,0.42%;而桑叶提取物分别为0.86%,1.54%。绿茶的抑菌效果更好。     

2-Phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-3-ol derivatives as new inhibitors of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis

Twenty-five 2-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-3-ol derivatives were synthesized for evaluation as new inhibitors of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Many of them demonstrated good inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus MurB, MurC and MurD enzymes in vitro and antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria including MRSA, VRE and PRSP. However, when they were tested in the presence of 4% bovine serum albumin, the MIC values increased to greater than 128 microg/mL against PRSP. None of the compounds demonstrated activity against gram-negative bacteria at MIC <32 microg/mL.     

Antimicrobial evaluation of indole-containing hydrazone derivatives

There has been an increasing importance of drug-resistant pathogens in clinical microbiological and antibacterial research. Indoles and hydrazone-type compounds constitute important classes of compounds in the search for effective agents against multidrug-resistant microbial infections. In this study a series of 1-methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde hydrazone derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities using the two-fold serial dilution technique against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolate, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the test compounds and the reference standards sultamicillin, ampicillin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin was determined. All compounds possessed a broad spectrum of activity having MIC values of 6.25-100 microg/ml against the tested microorganisms. Aromaticity and disubstitution of the phenyl ring with especially fluorine and chlorine atoms were found to be significant for the antimicrobial activity     

Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Acacia aroma Gill. ex Hook et Arn

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of seven ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts from various parts (leaves, stems and flowers) of A. aroma against 163 strains of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria. The disc diffusion assay was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the A. aroma crude extracts, against several Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis, S. aureus, coagulase-negative stahylococci, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC 29212) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli., K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, M morganii, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, E. coli ATCC 35218, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922). All ethanolic extracts showed activity against gram-positive bacteria. Among all obtained extracts, only leaf and flower fluid extracts showed activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Based on this bioassay, leaf fluid extracts tended to be the most potent, followed by flower fluid extracts. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts and antibiotics were comparatively determined by agar and broth dilution methods. Both extracts were active against S. aureus, coagulase-negative stahylococci, E. faecalis and E. faecium and all tested Gram-negative bacteria with MIC values from 0.067 to 0.308 mg/ml. In this study the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were identical or twice as high than the corresponding MIC for leaf extracts and four or eight times higher than MIC values for flower extracts. This may indicate a bactericidal effect. Stored extracts have similar antibacterial activity as recently obtained extracts. The A. aroma extracts of leaves and flowers may be useful as antibacterial agents against Gram- negative and Gram-positive antibiotic multi-resistant microorganisms.     

Antimicrobial activity in cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia species

The aim of the present study was to screen for antimicrobial activity in endophytic fungi isolated from surface sterilized leaves and branches of five Garcinia plants, G. atroviridis, G. dulcis, G. mangostana, G. nigrolineata and G. scortechinii, found in southern Thailand. Fermentation broths from 377 isolated fungi were tested for antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were obtained for crude ethyl acetate extracts. Seventy isolates (18.6%) displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogenic microorganism, such as Staphylococcus aureus, a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The results revealed that 6-10%, 1-2% and 18% of the crude ethyl acetate extracts inhibited both strains of S. aureus (MIC 32-512 microg mL(-1)), Ca. albicans and Cr. neoformans (MIC 64-200 microg mL(-1)), and Microsporum gypseum (MIC 2-64 microg mL(-1)), respectively. Isolates D15 and M76 displayed the strongest antibacterial activity against both strains of S. aureus. Isolates M76 and N24 displayed strong antifungal activity against M. gypseum. Fungal molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that isolates D15 (DQ480353), M76 (DQ480360) and N24 (DQ480361) represented Phomopsis sp., Botryosphaeria sp. and an unidentified fungal endophyte, respectively. These results indicate that some endophytic fungi from Garcinia plants are a potential source of antimicrobial agents.     

Evaluation of in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory,antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus,Nigrospora sphaerica,isolated from Helianthus annuus

This study aimed to evaluate alpha-glucosidase inhibition and antimicrobial activity as well as cytotoxic activity of extracts from the endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sp., isolated from leaves of Helianthus annuus, which is widely cultivated for food and used as a medicinal plant. The fungus (TSU-CS003) was identified based on internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences and fungal biomass, and fermentation broth was subjected to extraction by solvents (hexane and ethyl acetate). All extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and cytotoxicity activity. In addition, the active extract was analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) TSU-CS003 was identified as Nigrospora sphaerica. The fermentation broth extract (BE) showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 16–32 μg/mL and a few yeasts with MIC values ranging from 64 to 128 μg/mL, especially Talaromyces marneffei with an MIC value of 4 μg/mL. The effects of BE were observed by SEM. The results showed that this extract affected the cell morphology of T. marneffei. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BE from alpha-glucosidase inhibition was recorded as 17.25 μg/mL and also showed significant cytotoxicity against A549 human cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 22.41 μg/mL. Furthermore, BE was analyzed by using GC-MS and divided into three main compounds, including 5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, (Z)-methyl 4-(isobutyryloxy)but-3-enoate, and 2-phenylacetic acid. This was the first report of the endophytic fungus N. sphaerica from H. annuus. It is a potential source of active metabolites, which gave the strong antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity to A549 cancer cell lines.     

苦瓜总皂甙对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用的研究

研究苦瓜总皂甙的抑菌作用及抑菌条件。以苦瓜正丁醇浸提物为原料,研究其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。试验结果表明,苦瓜总皂甙对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用明显,最低抑菌浓度为30 mg/mL;抑菌最适pH值范围5~8;苦瓜总皂甙的热稳定性好,在121℃处理10 min仍具有较好的抑菌活性。金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线表明,对数生长期的金黄色葡萄球菌对苦瓜总皂甙较敏感,而对接近稳定期的菌体抑制作用较弱。