饲料中添加抗菌肽Surfactin对吉富罗非鱼肠道健康的影响

为研究饲料中添加抗菌肽Surfactin对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)肠道健康指标的影响, 实验将平均体重为(12.010.03) g/尾的320尾吉富罗非鱼, 随机分为4组, 每组4个重复, 每个重复20尾鱼, 分别投喂抗菌肽Surfactin添加水平为0(对照组)、50、100和200 mg/kg的试验饲料7周。结果显示: 与对照组相比, 吉富罗非鱼饲料中添加抗菌肽Surfactin可使肠道皱襞高度显著增加(P0.05), 肌层厚度无显著变化(P0.05); 大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05), 乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P0.05), 细菌总数无显著变化(P0.05); 显著提高肠道总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性(200 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组除外)(P0.05), 显著降低肠道丙二醛水平(P0.05), 对过氧化氢酶活性无显著影响(P0.05); 吉富罗非鱼肠道健康指标以50 mg/kg抗菌肽Surfactin添加组最佳。试验表明, 吉富罗非鱼饲料中适量添加抗菌肽Surfactin可增加肠道皱襞高度、调节肠道菌群和提高肠道抗氧化能力而改善肠道健康状态。     

壳寡糖对环江香猪生化参数及肠道菌群组成的影响

为了探讨壳寡糖(COS)用作环江香猪饲料添加剂的可行性,试验选用21日龄断奶的环江香猪12头,随机分为2组,每组6头,分别饲喂添加0.5%COS的基础日粮和添加抗生素的基础日粮,试验期为14 d。试验结束时采集仔猪血液,肝素抗凝,离心分离血浆,测定生化参数;处死后取回肠和盲肠内容物,用荧光定量PCR测定其中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌和总细菌的数量。结果表明,与对照组相比,壳寡糖组仔猪碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),血氨和尿素氮含量有降低趋势(P>0.05);壳寡糖组回肠乳酸杆菌数量显著增加、链球菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),盲肠双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量显著增加、大肠杆菌和链球菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,壳寡糖可在一定程度上改善环江香猪蛋白质代谢和肠道菌群平衡,从而增强其肠道健康。     

微生物制剂对奥尼罗非鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响

选用192尾初始体重(34.500.25) g的健康奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticusO. aureu), 研究在基础饲料中分别添加相同剂量(活菌含量为3.01011 cfu/kg饲料)的汉逊德巴利酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌对奥尼罗非鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响, 试验期56d。试验结果表明, 与对照组相比, 添加枯草芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌, 奥尼罗非鱼的增重率分别提高12.27%和8.56%(P0.05), 饵料系数分别降低10.92%和8.18%(P0.05)。饲料干物质表观消化率分别提高10.54%和10.07%(P0.05), 蛋白质表观消化率分别提高4.18%和3.63%(P0.05)。添加枯草芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌组, 奥尼罗非鱼肠道、肝胰脏和胃蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组和汉逊德巴利酵母组(P 0.05), 而添加三种微生物制剂对奥尼罗非鱼肠道、肝胰脏和胃的淀粉酶和脂肪酶没有显著影响(P0.05)。结果显示, 三种微生物制剂相互比较, 饲料中添加剂量为3.01011 cfu/kg饲料的枯草芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌能显著提高肠道、肝胰脏和胃的蛋白酶活性, 满足最佳生长。       

甘露寡糖对纯培养和共培养的乳酸杆菌体外生长的影响

三株(S、L和M)猪源乳酸杆菌以甘露寡糖(mannan-oligosaccharide, MOS)为碳源体外纯培养或与猪源致病性大肠杆菌共培养, 研究MOS对乳酸杆菌的选择性生长作用。结果表明, 纯培养时, 三株菌MOS组的OD值和乳酸浓度均高于对照, pH均低于对照, 但菌株之间存在差异。共培养时, 乳酸杆菌和大肠杆菌都可利用MOS进行生长, 但乳酸杆菌的生长强于大肠杆菌, 产生较多的乳酸、显著降低pH(P＜0.05) , 这种促生长作用在最初的12 h较明显。     

慢性胰腺炎患者血清总胆固醇和血红蛋白水平与肠道菌群失调的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性胰腺炎(CP)患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、血红蛋白(Hb)水平与肠道菌群失调的相关性。方法选取2014年1月至2019年1月在本院就诊的69例CP患者作为观察组,另选取同期行健康体检者120例作为对照组。记录两组性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压、舒张压,采用日立7600全自动生化仪检测TC水平,采用CELL-DYN1800全自动血细胞分析仪检测Hb水平,采用细菌培养法进行肠道菌群检查。比较两组基线资料、TC、Hb水平及肠道菌群数量差异,采用Spearman相关分析CP患者血清TC、Hb水平与肠道菌群数量的相关性。结果两组性别、年龄、BMI、收缩压、舒张压等差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组的血清TC水平较高(P0.05),Hb水平较低(P0.05),双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量较低(P0.05),大肠杆菌、肠球菌数量较高(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,CP患者血清TC水平与双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量成负相关(P0.05),与大肠杆菌、肠球菌数量成正相关(P0.05),血清Hb水平与双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量成正相关(P0.05),与大肠杆菌、肠球菌数量成负相关(P0.05)。结论 CP患者血清TC、Hb水平异常,且与患者肠道菌群失调密切相关,可为CP的临床治疗提供参考依据。     

甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪肠道主要菌群的影响

选择健康的 35日龄断奶仔猪 4 8头 ,随机分为两组 ,每组 3圈 ,每圈 8头。一组为含 0 .5 %甘露寡糠 +基础日粮 ,另一组为基础日粮。试验开始第 7天 ,每组各随机选 6头仔猪 ,麻醉后剖腹取肠道内容物以测定盲肠和结肠大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌浓度和 p H。试验结果表明 ,与对照组相比 ,甘露寡糖可以显著降低盲肠、结肠大肠杆菌浓度 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;同时显著提高盲肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌浓度 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但对结肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数影响不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )     

魔芋甘露寡糖对植物乳杆菌和粪肠球菌共培养时发酵行为的影响

魔芋甘露寡糖是一种新型的功能低聚糖,具有益生元功能,然而它们对肠道微生物的选择性尚不明确。本文选取具有代表性的肠道微生物植物乳酸菌及粪肠球菌,进行体外纯培养及共培养发酵实验,观察不同碳源条件下微生物的生长及代谢情况以及微生物之间的交互作用,探究寡糖对肠道微生物的作用机理。结果发现,在以葡萄糖、果寡糖、甘露寡糖为碳源的肠道模拟培养基中,植物乳杆菌、粪肠球菌都能较好地生长并产生一定的有机酸;共培养中,植物乳杆菌的生长相对粪肠球菌占据更大的优势,但共培养的代谢物组分存在显著差异;甘露寡糖显示出对上述几株肠道益生菌具有更为明显的促生长作用。     

甘露寡糖对异育银鲫生长性能、免疫及HSP70基因表达的影响

为探讨甘露寡糖(MOS)对异育银鲫生长、免疫、肠道组织结构及抗病力的影响,试验选取360尾异育银鲫[初均重(16.19±0.03)g],随机分成5组、每组3个重复,在日粮中添加不同浓度甘露寡糖(0、60、120、240、480 mg/kg),连续投喂80d,并于第80天时进行嗜水气单胞菌感染,测定异育银鲫生长、免疫、肠道结构等指标及异育银鲫抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力。试验结果表明,无论投喂50d,还是80d,甘露寡糖对鱼体的生长指标(特定生长率、增重率、蛋白质效率、饵料系数)均没有显著影响(P>0.05);投喂50d,与对照组比,甘露寡糖能显著提高血清球蛋白浓度(P<0.05);投喂80d后,与对照组比,240、480 mg/kg甘露寡糖组能显著提高碱性磷酸酶活性,甘露寡糖组能显著提高血清球蛋白浓度(P<0.05),480 mg/kg甘露寡糖组能显著提高血清总抗氧化能力,120、240 mg/kg甘露寡糖组能显著提高肠褶皱襞长(P<0.05),对皱襞间质宽、黏膜下层宽没有显著影响(P>0.05),肌层宽随着MOS的添加有增加趋势(P>0.05);嗜水气单胞菌感染后,与对照组比,240、480 mg/kg甘露寡糖组成活率提高了22.6%,免疫保护率达45.4%。日粮中添加甘露寡糖组对鱼体肝脏HSP70基因表达没有显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,添加240、480 mg/kg甘露寡糖能提高鱼体的免疫能力,增强鱼体抗病原菌感染能力。     

大豆低聚糖对樱桃谷鸭肠道微生物群落结构的影响

为了探讨大豆低聚糖(SBOS)改善肉鸭肠道微生物群落结构的效果及机理,本试验运用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)方法研究了SBOS对樱桃谷鸭盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比,SBOS降低了盲肠内大肠杆菌的数量,其中第3、4组(添加300和500 mg·kg-1SBOS)在第3、4周达到显著水平(P<0.05),第5组(添加700 mg·kg-1SBOS)在第3周达到显著水平(P<0.05);SBOS对盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌有明显的增殖作用,其中在第3、4周,第4组2种菌的增殖达到显著水平(P<0.05);添加SBOS对于调节鸭肠道微生物群落效果与添加金霉素(100mg·kg-1)的效果差异不显著.SBOS能有效调节樱桃谷鸭肠道微生物群落结构,且呈剂量和时间依赖效应,本试验中,500 mg·kg-1是最适添加量.     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片对胆囊切除术后腹泻患者 肠道微生态及胃肠激素的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片对胆囊切除术后腹泻(PCD)患者肠道微生态及胃肠激素的影响。方法选取72例PCD患者随机分为观察组与对照组。两组均给予饮食调整和蒙脱石散口服等治疗。观察组加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片1.5g/次,3次/d,温水送服,连用8周。评估两组治疗前后肠道菌群数量[乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌(B)与大肠杆菌(E)的比值]及血清胃肠激素[血管活性肠肽(VIP)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)]的变化,并比较其临床效果。结果治疗8周后,两组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量及B/E比值与其治疗前数据比较上升,大肠杆菌数量与其治疗前数据比较下降(P0.05或P0.01),且治疗后观察组改善更显著(P0.05);两组血清VIP和5-HT与其治疗前数据比较下降(P0.05或P0.01),且治疗后观察组下降更显著(P0.05);同时观察组总有效率较对照组更佳(χ2=5.26,P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗PCD的疗效确切,能调节肠道菌群紊乱,重建肠道微生态平衡;并能调节血清胃肠激素的分泌,降低血清VIP和5-HT水平,改善肠道功能。     

Quantitative approach in the study of adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to intestinal cells and their competition with enterobacteria

To describe the phenomena of bacterial adhesion to intestinal cells and the competition for adhesion between bacteria, mathematical equations based on a simple dissociation process involving a finite number of bacterial receptors on intestinal cell surface were developed. The equations allow the estimation of the maximum number of Lactobacillus sp. and Escherichia coli cells that can adhere to Caco-2 cells and intestinal mucus; they also characterize the affinity of the bacteria to Caco-2 cells and intestinal and fecal mucus and the theoretical adhesion ratio of two bacteria present in a mixed suspension. The competition for adhesion between Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and E. coli TG1 appeared to follow the proposed kinetics, whereas the competition between Lactobacillus casei Shirota and E. coli TG1 may involve multiple adhesion sites or a soluble factor in the culture medium of the former. The displacement of the adhered Lactobacillus by E. coli TG1 seemed to be a rapid process, whereas the displacement of E. coli TG1 by the Lactobacillus took more than an hour.     

三联疗法抗幽门螺杆菌感染对儿童肠道菌群状态的影响

目的　探讨抗幽门螺杆菌治疗对儿童肠道菌群状态的影响。方法　分别称取18例幽门螺杆菌感染儿童治疗前后新鲜粪便1.0 g,对肠道菌群中最有代表性的3种需氧菌(肠杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌)和4种厌氧菌(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、类杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌) ,分别进行需氧和厌氧培养,菌落计数,同时计算B/ E值来代表定植抗力。结果　抗Hp治疗后,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和类杆菌较治疗前明显降低( P<0 .0 5 ) ,B/ E值明显下降( P<0 .0 1) ,肠杆菌数量明显增加( P<0 .0 5 ) ,酵母菌的检出率明显增加( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　三联疗法抗Hp治疗对儿童肠道菌群产生明显的影响,因此在治疗Hp感染时须考虑到大量抗生素治疗后可能对患儿产生的副作用及潜在的危险     

食物氧化蛋白对小鼠肠道菌群及氧化还原状态的影响

目的研究摄食不同方式氧化酪蛋白对小鼠肠道菌群和氧化还原状态的影响。方法分别以H2O2/Cu2+、HClO处理酪蛋白,丙二醛(MDA)处理酪蛋白、大豆蛋白。雄性KM小鼠分为6组:酪蛋白组,H2O2-Cu2+氧化酪蛋白组,HClO氧化酪蛋白组,MDA氧化酪蛋白组,大豆蛋白组和MDA氧化大豆蛋白组,饲喂10周。结果酪蛋白和大豆蛋白经氧化处理后羰基含量显著上升(P0.05),体外消化率下降。饲喂氧化蛋白饲粮的小鼠结肠内容物乳杆菌数量均显著低于对照组(P0.05);HClO和MDA氧化酪蛋白组大肠埃希菌、肠球菌数量显著高于对照组(P0.05),MDA氧化大豆蛋白组大肠埃希菌数量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。氧化蛋白处理引起小鼠结肠组织MDA上升,其中MDA氧化蛋白处理达显著水平(P0.05);结肠过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力上升,其中H2O2/Cu2+和MDA氧化蛋白组达显著水平(P0.05);H2O2/Cu2+氧化酪蛋白处理引起结肠GSH-Px显著升高(P0.05);氧化蛋白引起结肠总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)下降,其中H2O2/Cu2+、HClO氧化酪蛋白和MDA氧化大豆蛋白处理达显著水平(P0.05)。蛋白质体外消化率与结肠肠球菌呈负相关(R=-0.81,P=0.051);蛋白羰基含量与结肠乳杆菌呈显著负相关(R=-0.94,P0.01);大肠埃希菌(R=0.93,P0.01)和肠球菌(R=0.85,P0.05)分别与蛋白羰基含量呈正相关。结论氧化后蛋白消化率降低、羰基含量增高,导致肠道乳杆菌减少,大肠埃希菌和肠球菌上升;结肠黏膜脂质过氧化,氧化损伤程度与蛋白氧化处理方式有关。     

Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 inhibits the ability of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells

Ileal lesions in 36.4% of patients with Crohn's disease are colonized by pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro inhibitory effects of the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001, on adhesion to and invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by adherent-invasive E. coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients. The experiments were performed with undifferentiated Intestine-407 cells and with undifferentiated or differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Bacterial adhesion to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells were assessed by counting CFU. The inhibitory effects of L. casei were determined after coincubation with adherent-invasive E. coli or after preincubation of intestinal cells with L. casei prior to infection with adherent-invasive E. coli. Inhibitory effects of L. casei on adherent-invasive E. coli adhesion to differentiated and undifferentiated intestinal epithelial cells reached 75% to 84% in coincubation and 43% to 62% in preincubation experiments, according to the cell lines used. Addition of L. casei culture supernatant to the incubation medium increased L. casei adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and enhanced the inhibitory effects of L. casei. The inhibitory effects on E. coli invasion paralleled those on adhesion. This effect was not due to a bactericidal effect on adherent-invasive E. coli or to a cytotoxic effect on epithelial intestinal cells. As Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 strongly inhibits interaction of adherent-invasive E. coli with intestinal epithelial cells, this finding suggests that the probiotic strain could be of therapeutic value in Crohn's disease.     

Isolation of bovine intestinal Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici with inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O157 and F5

Aims:  The growth rate of bovine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in five different culture conditions, and their inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O157 and F5 in two assays was assessed to identify LAB for potential prophylactic use in cattle.
Methods and Results:  106 bovine-derived faecal/intestinal LAB were tested in vitro for tolerance to pH 2·0, pH 4·0, 0·15% and 0·3% bile, aerobic incubation, and for inhibitory activity against E. coli O157 ( n  = 3) and F5 ( n  = 1). While no LAB grew at pH 2·0, LAB survivability varied between 35% and 100% on the other tests. Exactly 7·6% (8/106) of LAB supernatants inhibited the growth of E. coli in two assays, whereas 6·6% (7/106) of isolates enhanced the growth of all E. coli strains. Partial 16s rRNA gene sequencing of six best isolates (95th percentile) revealed that five were Lactobacillus plantarum and one Pediococcus acidilactici.
Conclusion:  Lactobacillus plantarum with acid/bile and aerobic resistance and inhibitory activity against E. coli O157 and F5 inhabit the intestinal tract of healthy cattle. Some LAB may enhance E. coli growth.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Lactobacillus plantarum and P. acidilactici are natural plant micro-organisms and studied silage inoculants. Their identification from gastrointestinal samples of healthy cattle is prophylactically promising.     

产酶益生素对肉鸭生长性能及肠道菌群的影响

目的产酶益生素对肉鸭生产性能及肠道菌群的影响,为开发利用产酶益生素提供理论依据。方法选用1日龄120只樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为4组,每组30只,设2个重复,每重复15只,对照组I饲喂基础日粮,实验II、III和IV组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%产酶益生素,测定肉鸭的生长性能及肠道菌群数量。结果与对照组相比,实验II、III和IV组平均日增重分别提高了5.82%、11.50%和12.60%,日均采食量分别提高了0.85%、1.71%和3.78%,料重比分别降低了4.85%、8.81%和7.93%;盲肠内双歧杆菌的数量分别提高了3.29%、9.86%和9.48%,乳酸杆菌分别提高了5.49%、10.98%和12.56%,大肠埃希菌分别降低了11.88%、16.35%和22.48%。结论产酶益生素能提高肉鸭的生产性能,促进肠道双歧杆菌及乳酸杆菌的增殖,降低大肠埃希菌的数量。     

Effect of Lactobacillus isolates on the adhesion of pathogens to chicken intestinal mucus in vitro

AIMS: The aims of this study were to investigate in vitro the effects of Lactobacillus isolates from a chicken on adhesion of pathogenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli to chicken intestinal mucus obtained from different intestinal regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacteria were labelled by using methyl-1,2-[(3)H]-thymidine. The bacterial adhesion was assessed by measuring the radioactivity of bacteria adhered to the mucus. The results showed that the abilities of Lactobacillus spp. to bind to the same intestinal mucus were higher than those of pathogenic Salmonella and E. coli. Pretreatment of intestinal mucus with Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, alone or in combination, reduced the adhesion of the tested pathogens, but the reductive extent of pathogenic adhesion by Lactobacillus spp. in combination was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS: The tested bacteria had different adhesions to mucus glycoproteins isolated from different intestinal regions of chicken. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lact. fermentum in combination revealed a better ability to inhibit attachments of Salmonella and E. coli to chicken intestinal mucus than Lactobacillus sp. alone. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: A mixture of intestinal Lactobacillus spp. from a chicken may play a protective role in excluding pathogenic Salmonella and E. coli from the intestine of chicken.     

海藻粉和抗菌肽对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和肠道菌群的影响

为探讨海藻粉和抗菌肽不同添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和肠道菌群的影响。选取1日龄体重相近的AA肉鸡504羽,随机分为7个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复12羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加不同水平(1.0%、3.0%、5.0%)的海藻粉和抗菌肽(300 mg/kg、600 mg/kg)。试验分前期(1~21 d)和后期(22~42 d)共42 d。结果表明:(1)添加不同水平的海藻粉对前期、后期和全期肉鸡的料重比有显著影响(P0.05);对21日龄肉鸡的脾脏指数和胸腺指数及对42日龄肉鸡的法氏囊指数差异显著(P0.05);降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌的数量(P0.05),增加了盲肠乳酸菌的数量(P0.05)。(2)添加不同水平的抗菌肽对后期和全期肉鸡的料重比有显著差异(P0.05);对21日龄肉鸡的脾脏指数和胸腺指数及对42日龄肉鸡的法氏囊指数差异显著(P0.05);降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌的数量(P0.05),增加了盲肠乳酸菌的数量(P0.05)。(3)海藻粉和抗菌肽交互作用对前期、后期和全期肉鸡的料重比有明显影响(P0.05);对21日龄肉鸡的脾脏指数和胸腺指数及对42日龄肉鸡的法氏囊指数差异显著(P0.05);降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌的数量(P0.05),增加了盲肠乳酸菌的数量(P0.05)。本研究得出以下结论,海藻粉和抗菌肽能促进肉鸡生长,提高肉鸡免疫器官指数和改善肠道菌群,且二者间存在协同效应,添加5%的海藻粉和300 mg/kg抗菌肽综合效果最佳。     

抗鸡白痢益生菌株的筛选

利用从健康蛋鸡和肉鸡肠道内分离的菌株以及本实验室保存菌,在体外分别与鸡白痢沙门菌强毒株作用48h后,以涂片染色镜检法和菌落计数法筛选出对鸡白痢沙门菌有抑制作用的5株细菌,即鸡粪肠球菌、鸡非致病性大肠埃希菌、环状芽胞杆菌、酵母菌和乳酸菌,抑制率分别为97.8%、99％、99.9％、98.2％和78％。