中国南方目昆虫二新种(目:胫缘亚目)

记述采自中国江西与广西的目昆虫 2新种 :庐山无肛 Paraentorialushanensis,sp.nov.和暗黑华枝 Sinophasma atratum,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国香港虫目昆虫以及管虫属的研究(目)

根据近年来在香港地区采集到的一些虫目昆虫 ,经整理鉴定及文献记录 ,记述香港虫目昆虫 3科 6属 9种 ,其中有 1新种 :树基管虫 Sipyloidea shukayi,sp.nov.。制定了分类检索表 ,结合新种的鉴别 ,整理了全国管虫属 Sipyloidea已知种 ,制定出 8个种的检索表。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所     

曲股欧麻蝇雌性的记述(双翅目:麻蝇科)

曲股欧麻蝇Heteronychia curvlfemoralis Li,1980 本种系中国学者李荣1980年发表的新种,模式产地为四川峨眉山;当时仅记述了雄性。1982—1985年,作者分别于广西桂林和贵州的安顺、紫云、平坝等地采获本种的雌性和雄性标本多只(内有正在交尾的标本1对)。雄性确认为本种,从而获知雌性,特记述如     

植绥螨属的一个新种记述

虎丘植绥螨:Phytoseius (Dubininellus) huqiuensis,新种,(图1) 鉴别特征:本新种相似于Phytoseius(D.)neocoriger Gupta 1977,但可明显地用腹肛板和受精囊的形状区别开来。本种与P.(D.)nipponicus Ehara 1962,也可用下列特征相区别:1)本种L_1毛的长度约等于L_1至D_3之间的距离,2)L_1和L_5毛的相对长度,3)受精囊颈的形状。     

广西异科一新属新种(目:异科)

在整理中国农业大学收藏的广西■目标本中,作者发现有采自武鸣大明山异■科一新属和一新种,现记述如下。模式标本保存于中国农业大学昆虫标本室。文中采用长度单位为mm。仿圆筒报属Paragongylopus新局体中型,圆筒状。体表粗糙,背与腹面被不规则瘤突,具纵脊与侧脊。头略延长,眼间有一对锥突;触角短,3节,远短于前股节,柄节膨大,梗节短小,鞭部仅1节,不规则律状。缺前、后翅。3对足股胜节具少量钝齿,前股节棱脊明显,基部略内弯,中后足股、胜节棱脊平钝而不明显。臀节稍长,后缘中央微内凹。腹瓣较扁平,后缘几成截形,不超过腹…     

长须螨属三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:长须螨科)

长须螨是自由生活的螨类,生活于苔藓、土壤中以及植物上。本文记述生活于苔藓中的长须螨属Stigmaeus三新种。模式标本保存于复旦大学生物系。1.大眼后体长须螨,新种Stigmaeus macroposbus,sp.nov.(图1-5) 本种与Stigmaeus callunae Evans和Stigmaeus fusus Summers相似,但新种有大而显著的眼后体。     

中国单突叶蝉属三新种 (同翅目:叶蝉科)(英文)

本文记述中国单突叶蝉属Lodiana三新种。宽带单突叶蝉Lodianaplatyfasciata新种 ,正模♂ :1989 Ⅷ 13,李子忠采自贵州榕江。该种雄性外生殖器与黄带单突叶蝉LodianabrevisinaZhang相似 ,但本种下生殖板外缘不弯曲 ,阳茎干末端背面有 1横列细齿 ,此外 ,前翅上仅具 1条黄色宽横带 ,二者易于区分。钩茎单突叶蝉Lodianahamularis新种 ,正模♂ :1987 Ⅶ 1,王汉莱采自浙江杭州。本种雄性外生殖器构造相似于LodianasetaceaNielson ,但其下生殖板及阳茎上突起的形状均明显不同于后者。葛氏单突叶蝉Lodianakuohi新种 ,正模♂ :1982 Ⅶ 19,马云采自福建上杭。本种雄性外生殖器特征相似于黄面单突叶蝉LodianahuangminaLietWang ,但其阳茎末端具几枚短刺突 ,且下生殖板形状也不同于后者 ,另外 ,体长明显短于后者 ,据此可加以区别。其模式标本存放于安徽农业大学植保系     

海南大绿臭蛙寄生双睾虫属一新种(单殖吸虫纲,多盘虫科)

从海南五指山的大绿臭蛙Ranalivida膀胱内检获多盘科Polysto matidae双睾虫属Diplorchis单殖吸虫1新种,以宿主种名命名为大绿臭蛙双睾虫Diplorchis lividae sp.nov.。新种以肠支侧突明显而区别于蛙双睾虫、拉氏双睾虫和无指盘臭蛙双睾虫;与石林双睾虫的区别是本种的肠支末端进入后吸器;本种中央大钩的形状与杭州双睾虫的大钩基部具深裂的缺刻明显不同;与黑斑蛙双睾虫的区别是本种中央大钩的内突上附有向前延伸的长条形肌腱,另本种卵巢较小、长度与卵相近,而黑斑蛙双睾虫的卵巢长度超过卵长的一倍。本种为海南多盘类单殖吸虫的首次报道。模式标本保存于华南师范大学生命科学学院鱼类寄生虫研究室。     

中国刷盾跳小蜂族二新记录属二新种 (膜翅目 :跳小蜂科 )(英文)

报道了采自辽宁大连和江苏南京的跳小蜂新种 ,即娄氏伊克跳小蜂 ,EctromalouiXu ,sp .n .和仁蚧平背跳小蜂 ,新种PlatencyrtusaclerusXu ,sp .n .。对新种进行了详细描述。娄氏伊克跳小峰E .loui,正模♀ ,本种与EctromafulvescensWestwood 1833相似 ,与后者的长翅型相比 ,有以下几点区别 :(1)本种触角索节均白色 ,后者触角索节有黑色节 ;(2 )本种前翅相当退化 ,不超过腹末 ,透明无色 ,后者前翅发达 ,超过腹末 ,暗色 ;与后者的短翅型相比 ,有以下几点区别 :(1)本种触角索节均白色 ,后者触角索节有黑色节 ;(2 )本种前翅较退化 ,前翅超过并胸腹节 ,后者前翅退化 ,不及并胸腹节。仁蚧平背跳小蜂 ,新种PlatencyrtusaclerusXu ,sp .n .寄主 :芦苇日仁蚧Nipponaclerdabiwakoensis (Kuwana)。正模♀ ,郝康陕采 ,本新种与PlatencyrtusparkeriFerriere ,195 5很相似 ,主要区别是新种 :(1)体黑色 ,具弱红色金属光泽 ,后者体黑色有蓝绿色金属光泽 ;(2 )头胸具稀疏细刻点 ,后者头胸有网状刻纹 ;(3)前翅透明 ,后者前翅暗色。本文也是伊克跳小蜂属EctromaWestwood和平背跳小蜂属PlatencyrtusFerriere在我国分布的首次记录。     

秦岭方颜叶蜂属(膜翅目,叶蜂科)两新种

记述方颜叶蜂属Pachyprotasis新种,斑背板方颜叶蜂Pachyprotasis maculotergitis sp.nov.,本种腹部第3～5节背板大部橘褐色,第3～6节背板中部具白斑,以此得名;陕西方颜叶蜂Pachyprotasis shanxiensis sp.nov.,本种以正模标本采集地命名.新种模式标本保存在中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室.     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

Neutrino intergalactic communication,metal life,and viruses: Part 1 quo vadis ex machina

At one spectrum extreme, Astrobiology conjectures that for exoplanets with Goldilocks conditions, terrestrial-like life is inevitable. Moreover, it is envisaged that via panspermia, terrestrial-like life and its precursors are transferred among galaxies, stars, and within solar systems via transiting comets, asteroids, and planetoids. In addition, expelled stars, which have solar systems, it is inferred, transfer life as well. However, at the other extreme, we propose a paradigm shift that on some planets, subject to non- Goldilocks conditions, metal machine life could arise, ab initio, and evolve viruses, intelligence, and civilizations, conjointly. Accordingly, intelligent mechanized civilizations could readily and efficiently commence space exploration. Furthermore, as a counter paradigm shift, such civilizations could experiment and produce non-metallic life, based on carbon and other non-metal elements, under suitable conditions, related to Goldilocks life. Even a single example of validated interstellar or intergalactic communication received on the Earth would support the existence of life elsewhere. However, the communication platform should not be restricted to electromagnetic radiation. Other platforms should be included as well - one such example, which would require sophisticated technology, is neutrino communication. This is the case for any advanced civilization, be it metal-machine based, biological-based, and carbon-based. In sum, civilizations based on machine life, would be highly productive due to the longevity and hardiness of machine life. However, significant caveats are raised in this brief report, because possibly dissimilar psychologies and intelligence may lead to conflicts between metal machine life and biological life, inter-paradigm conflict.     

Molecular phylogeny of the gobioid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobioidei)

The phylogeny of groups within Gobioidei is examined with molecular sequence data. Gobioidei is a speciose, morphologically diverse group of teleost fishes, most of which are small, benthic, and marine. Efforts to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups have been hampered by the prevalence of reductive evolution among goby species; such reduction can make identification of informative morphological characters particularly difficult. Gobies have been variously grouped into two to nine families, several with included subfamilies, but most existing taxonomies are not phylogenetic and few cladistic hypotheses of relationships among goby groups have been advanced. In this study, representatives of eight of the nine gobioid familes (Eleotridae, Odontobutidae, Xenisthmidae, Gobiidae, Kraemeriidae, Schindleriidae, Microdesmidae, and Ptereleotridae), selected to sample broadly from the range of goby diversity, were examined. Complete sequence from the mitochondrial ND1, ND2, and COI genes (3573 bp) was used in a cladistic parsimony analysis to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups. A single most parsimonious topology was obtained, with decay indices indicating strong support for most nodes. Major phylogenetic conclusions include that Xenisthmidae is part of Eleotridae, and Eleotridae is paraphyletic with respect to a clade composed of Gobiidae, Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, Kraemeriidae, and Schindleriidae. Within this five-family clade, two clades are recovered. One includes Gobionellinae, which is paraphyletic with respect to Kraemeriidae, Sicydiinae, Oxudercinae, and Amblyopinae. The other contains Gobiinae, also paraphyletic, and including Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, and Schindleriidae. Previous morphological evidence for goby groupings is discussed; the phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the morphological reduction observed in many goby species has been derived several times independently.     

Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources

1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents.2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources.3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.     

Systematics and phylogeny of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep waters

The phylogenetic relationships of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are studied, based on the examination of the type species of all the genera previously described. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports that the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are a monophyletic group and the sister group of the clade formed by Astemnotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Halgerda Bergh, 1880. Several genera previously considered as valid or regarded as uncertain are here synonymized: Peronodoris Bergh, 1904, Trippa Bergh, 1877, Phlegmodoris Bergh, 1878, Petelodoris Bergh, 1881, Kentrodoris Bergh, 1876, Audura Bergh, 1878, Centrodoris P. Fischer, 1883, Anisodoris Bergh, 1898, Awuka Er. Marcus, 1955, Rhabdochiia P. Fischer, 1883, Boreodoris Odhner, 1939, Dictyodoris Bergh, 1880, Gravieria Vayssiere, 1912, Aporodoris Ihering, 1886. The following genera are regarded as valid: Astemnotus, Atagema J.E. Gray, 1850, Jorunna Bergh, 1876, Platydoris Bergh, 1877, Diaulula Bergh, 1878, Rostanga Bergh, 1879, Halgerda Bergh, 1880, Baptodoris Bergh, 1884, Gargamella Bergh, 1894, Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904, Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904, Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955, Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977. The new genus Nophodoris is described based on two new species from New Caledonia deep waters. Two additional new species from New Caledonia belonging to the genera Atagema and Gargamella are also described. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are discussed, and several type species, neotypes and lectotypes are selected.     

Revision of the Malagasy genus Trichoteleia Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea, Platygastridae)

The species of the genus Trichoteleia Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) are revised: 42 species are recognized, of which two were previously named and are redescribed: Trichoteleia afo Talamas, sp. n., Trichoteleia albidipes Kieffer, Trichoteleia bicolor Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia bidentata Talamas sp. n.; Trichoteleia carinata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia cincta Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia delilah Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia eburata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia echinata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia fisheri Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia funesta Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia halterata Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia hemlyae Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia irwini Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia janus Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia jiro Talamas, sp. n.; T. ketrona Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia levii Talamas & Johnson, sp. n.; Trichoteleia longiventris Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia minima Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia nify Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia oculea Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia orona Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia parvipennis Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia pauliani (Risbec); Trichoteleia picturata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia prima Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia prolixa Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia quazii Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia ravaka Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia rugifrons Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia solocis Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia sphaerica Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia subtilis Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tahotra Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia takariva Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tezitra Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tigris Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tonsa Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia warreni Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia xantrox Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia zuparkoi Talamas & Masner, sp. n. A neotype is designated for Trichoteleia albidipes and a lectotype is designated for Trichoteleia pauliani.     

Oxypred： Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding Proteins

This study describes a method for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding pro- teins. Firstly, support vector machine (SVM) modules were developed using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition for predicting oxygen-binding pro- teins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 85.5% and 87.8%, respectively. Sec- ondly, an SVM module was developed based on amino acid composition, classify- ing the predicted oxygen-binding proteins into six classes with accuracy of 95.8%, 97.5%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 99.4%, and 96.0% for erythrocruorin, hemerythrin, hemo- cyanin, hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, and myoglobin proteins, respectively. Finally, an SVM module was developed using dipeptide composition for classifying the oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 96.1%, 98.7%, 98.7%, 85.6%, 99.6%, and 93.3% for the above six classes, respectively. All modules were trained and tested by five-fold cross validation. Based on the above approach, a web server Oxypred was developed for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins(available from http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/oxypred/).     

Mating systems of some putative polypore — agaric relatives

Mating systems are reported for taxa of polypores and agarics considered related. Taxa areDictyopanus pusillus, Favolus alveolaris, F. tenuiculus, Lentinus bertierii, L. crinitis, L. punctaticeps, L. strigellus, L. strigosus, L. suavissimus, Pleurotus australis, P. levis, P. tuberregium, Polyporus ciliatus, P. elegans, P. squamosus, andP. varius. All are tetrapolar exceptP. elegans.     

Some New Taxa and Records of Characeae in Hunan,China

In this paper, one new species, four new varieties and thirteen new records of Characeae from Hunan, China, are reported. They are Chara quadriscutulum, sp. nov., Nitella axilliformis var. biformis, var. nov., N. microcarpa var. unicarpa, var. nov., Chara braunii var. cylindrospora, var. nov., C. hydropitys var. hunanensis, var. nov., Nitella microcarpa Braun, N. leptoclada Braun, N. annandalei Pal, N. confervacea A. Braun, N. gracilliformis J. Groves, N. inversa Imahori, N. musashiensis Morioka, N. paucicostata T. F. Allen, N. acuminata var. gollmeriana (A. Br.) Zanev. et Wood, Tolypella boldii Sawa. Chara longifolia Robinson, C. pistianensis J. Vilhelm, C. grovesii Pal.