共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Clauss K Baumert A Nimtz M Milkowski C Strack D 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2008,53(5):802-813
The seeds of most members of the Brassicaceae accumulate high amounts of sinapine (sinapoylcholine) that is rapidly hydrolyzed during early stages of seed germination. One of three isoforms of sinapine esterase activity (BnSCE3) has been isolated from Brassica napus seedlings and subjected to trypsin digestion and spectrometric sequencing. The peptide sequences were used to isolate BnSCE3 cDNA, which was shown to contain an open reading frame of 1170 bp encoding a protein of 389 amino acids, including a leader peptide of 25 amino acids. Sequence comparison identified the protein as the recently cloned BnLIP2, i.e. a GDSL lipase-like protein, which displays high sequence identity to a large number of corresponding plant proteins, including four related Arabidopsis lipases. The enzymes belong to the SGNH protein family, which use a catalytic triad of Ser-Asp-His, with serine as the nucleophile of the GDSL motif. The corresponding B. napus and Arabidopsis genes were heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and proved to confer sinapine esterase activity. In addition to sinapine esterase activity, the native B. napus protein (BnSCE3/BnLIP2) showed broad substrate specificity towards various other choline esters, including phosphatidylcholine. This exceptionally broad substrate specificity, which is common to a large number of other GDSL lipases in plants, hampers their functional analysis. However, the data presented here indicate a role for the GDSL lipase-like BnSCE3/BnLIP2 as a sinapine esterase in members of the Brassicaceae, catalyzing hydrolysis of sinapine during seed germination, leading, via 1- O -sinapoyl-β-glucose, to sinapoyl- l -malate in the seedlings. 相似文献
2.
Members of the Brassicaceae accumulate complex patterns of sinapate esters, as shown in this communication with seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Fifteen seed constituents were isolated and identified by a combination of high-field NMR spectroscopy and high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. These include glucose, gentiobiose and kaempferol glycoside esters as well as sinapine (sinapoylcholine), sinapoylmalate and an unusual cyclic spermidine amide. One of the glucose esters (1,6-di-O-sinapoylglucose), two gentiobiose esters (1-O-caffeoylgentiobiose and 1,2,6'-tri-O-sinapoylgentiobiose) and two kaempferol conjugates [4'-(6-O-sinapoylglucoside)-3,7-di-O-glucoside and 3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2-O-sinapoylglucoside)] seem to be new plant products. Serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) acyltransferases catalyze the formation of sinapine and sinapoylmalate accepting 1-O-beta-acetal esters (1-O-beta-glucose esters) as acyl donors. To address the question whether the formation of other components of the complex pattern of the sinapate esters in B. napus seeds is catalyzed via 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-glucose, we performed a seed-specific dsRNAi-based suppression of the sinapate glucosyltransferase gene (BnSGT1) expression. In seeds of BnSGT1-suppressing plants the amount of sinapoylglucose decreased below the HPLC detection limit resulting in turn in the disappearance or marked decrease of all the other sinapate esters, indicating that formation of the complex pattern of these esters in B. napus seeds is dependent on sinapoylglucose. This gives rise to the assumption that enzymes of an SCPL acyltransferase family catalyze the appropriate transfer reactions to synthesize the accumulating esters. 相似文献
3.
Amber M. Shirley Colleen M. McMichael Clint Chapple 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2001,28(1):83-94
Serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins have traditionally been assigned roles in the hydrolytic processing of proteins; however, several SCPL proteins have recently been identified as catalysts in transacylation reactions of plant secondary metabolism. The novel functions of these enzymes suggest a catalytic diversity for plant SCPL proteins that extends beyond simple hydrolysis reactions. Characterization of the Arabidopsis sng2 (sinapoylglucose accumulator 2) mutant has identified another SCPL protein involved in plant secondary metabolism. The sng2 mutant was isolated by screening seed extracts for altered levels of sinapate esters, a group of phenylpropanoid compounds found in Arabidopsis and some other members of the Brassicaceae. Homozygous sng2 seeds accumulate sinapoylglucose instead of sinapoylcholine, and have increased levels of choline and decreased activity of the enzyme sinapoylglucose:choline sinapoyltransferase (SCT). Cloning of the SNG2 gene by a combination of map-based and candidate gene approaches demonstrates that SCT is another member of the growing class of SCPL acyltransferases involved in plant secondary metabolism. 相似文献
4.
以甘蓝型油菜新鲜嫩叶为实验材料提取其总DNA,以其为模板,根据拟南芥Toc33基因编码区序列设计引物,PCR扩增甘蓝型油菜叶绿体外膜蛋白转运机器的构件蛋白基因Toc33,得到两条扩增带,测序结果显示克隆到的两个片段分别长1370bp、1490bp,将这两个片段分别命名为Bn Tpc33-1,Bn Toc33-2,序列比较发现它们之间的同源性为78％,其中外显子的同源性为96％,而内含子的同源性仅为60％。为研究Toc33与同一基因家族的Toc34基因功能间的关系,对拟南芥、油菜、诸葛菜等植物的Toc33、Toc34蛋白序列进行比较分析并构建了分子系统进化树。 相似文献
5.
Marcus T. Brock Lauren K. Lucas Nickolas A. Anderson Matthew J. Rubin R. J. Cody Markelz Michael F. Covington Upendra K. Devisetty Clint Chapple Julin N. Maloof Cynthia Weinig 《Molecular ecology》2016,25(5):1122-1140
Floral attraction traits can significantly affect pollinator visitation patterns, but adaptive evolution of these traits may be constrained by correlations with other traits. In some cases, molecular pathways contributing to floral attraction are well characterized, offering the opportunity to explore loci potentially underlying variation among individuals. Here, we quantify the range of variation in floral UV patterning (i.e. UV ‘bulls‐eye nectar guides) among crop and wild accessions of Brassica rapa. We then use experimental crosses to examine the genetic architecture, candidate loci and biochemical underpinnings of this patterning as well as phenotypic manipulations to test the ecological impact. We find qualitative variation in UV patterning between wild (commonly lacking UV patterns) and crop (commonly exhibiting UV patterns) accessions. Similar to the majority of crops, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an oilseed crop × WI fast‐plant® cross exhibit UV patterns, the size of which varies extensively among genotypes. In RILs, we further observe strong statistical‐genetic and QTL correlations within petal morphological traits and within measurements of petal UV patterning; however, correlations between morphology and UV patterning are weak or nonsignificant, suggesting that UV patterning is regulated and may evolve independently of overall petal size. HPLC analyses reveal a high concentration of sinapoyl glucose in UV‐absorbing petal regions, which, in concert with physical locations of UV‐trait QTLs, suggest a regulatory and structural gene as candidates underlying observed quantitative variation. Finally, insects prefer flowers with UV bulls‐eye patterns over those that lack patterns, validating the importance of UV patterning in pollen‐limited populations of B. rapa. 相似文献
6.
Franke R Hemm MR Denault JW Ruegger MO Humphreys JM Chapple C 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2002,30(1):47-59
The end products of the phenylpropanoid pathway play important roles in plant structure and development, as well as in plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. From a human perspective, phenylpropanoid pathway-derived metabolites influence both human health and the potential utility of plants in agricultural contexts. The last known enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway that has not been characterized is p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H). By screening for plants that fail to accumulate soluble fluorescent phenylpropanoid secondary metabolites, we have identified a number of Arabidopsis mutants that display a reduced epidermal fluorescence (ref) phenotype. We have now shown that the ref8 mutant is defective in the gene encoding C3H. Phenotypic characterization of the ref8 mutant has revealed that the lack of C3H activity in the mutant leads to diverse changes in phenylpropanoid metabolism. The ref8 mutant accumulates p-coumarate esters in place of the sinapoylmalate found in wild-type plants. The mutant also deposits a lignin formed primarily from p-coumaryl alcohol, a monomer that is at best a minor component in the lignin of other plants. Finally, the mutant displays developmental defects and is subject to fungal attack, suggesting that phenylpropanoid pathway products downstream of REF8 may be required for normal plant development and disease resistance. 相似文献
7.
8.
Prior study of the effect of protease inhibitors (PIs) on diamondback moths suggests that moths are resistant to them, so PIs represent an ineffective defence against moths. However, our data suggest that diamondback moths do suffer lower growth rates when they consume plants transformed with potato protease inhibitor (PI2), but that effect is hidden by compensatory consumption. Plants, instead of gaining an advantage by lowering the insect growth rate, suffer a disadvantage as moths consume more tissue to mitigate the effect. Furthermore, PI2, when used in conjunction with another transgenic pesticidal protein, Bt (from Bacillus thuringiensis) counteracts the effectiveness of Bt at protecting plant tissue. Thus, transgenic PIs are not only less effective than previously thought in protecting Brassica plants from diamondback moths, they may actually lead to increased plant damage by the moths. 相似文献
9.
本研究选择特高含油量资源7份,与中国各油菜主产区具有代表性的主栽品种16份,利用SSR多引物组合法开展指纹图谱构建研究。选择多态丰富、图谱清晰稳定且来自不同连锁群的引物28对,对所有材料进行指纹图谱分析,共获SSR指纹条带302条,其中多态性条带为279条,每引物所获条带6-16条,平均10.79条,平均多态率92. 38%,通过指纹图谱将所有材料有效地区别开来。用非加权类平均法（UPGAM）聚类分析显示：高油材料之间以及高油材料与主栽品种之间遗传距离均有较大差异,在遗传距离0.171处可将23份材料分成9个类群,其中7份高油材料分处4个类群,遗传距离差异显著;而其他8份主栽品种被分别聚类在另外5个类群中;所有材料间皆具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中高油材料与主栽品种间遗传差异更大。 相似文献
10.
甘蓝型油菜ZF-HD基因家族的鉴定与系统进化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZF-HD是一类植物特有的转录因子, 在植物生长发育及胁迫响应过程中发挥重要作用。利用生物信息学方法, 在甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)基因组中鉴定到62个ZF-HD基因, 其中83.9%的基因缺乏内含子, 93.5%的BnZF-HD等电点大于7, 预测定位于细胞核的蛋白大多由100个以上氨基酸组成。根据进化关系可将其分为6个亚群, 在每个亚群中, 甘蓝(B. oleracea)和白菜(B. rapa)的ZF-HD基因数量相等或近似相等, 而甘蓝型油菜的ZF-HD基因数量接近或等同于甘蓝和白菜的ZF-HD基因数量之和。同一亚群的motif数量和类型高度相似。共线性分析结果显示, 全基因组三倍体化使ZF-HD基因在二倍体祖先得到扩张, 而异源多倍体化又进一步使甘蓝型油菜ZF-HD基因家族扩张。Ka/Ks值说明大多数ZF-HD基因在进化过程中受到了纯化选择。所有BnZF-HD基因都具有光响应元件, 2/3的基因具有MeJA、ABA和厌氧诱导顺式作用元件, 推测这些基因可能参与相关生物学过程。研究结果为进一步挖掘该家族基因的生物学功能奠定基础, 同时为揭示多基因家族在异源多倍体中的进化式样提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
甘蓝型油菜与芥菜型油菜杂交研究结果表明,杂交结实力与杂交组合方式以及参与杂交的亲本材料有关,以芥菜型油菜作母本的杂交结实力高于以甘蓝型作母本的组合：芥×甘杂交组合的平均结实数／花为 ２．６４ 粒,而甘×芥杂交组合的平均结实数／花为 ０．１０ 粒。芥甘杂种一代形态特征和生育期介于双亲之间,甘芥杂种一代不表现整齐的中间类型,株间差异明显;总体来看,芥甘杂种一代与双亲回交的结实力（０．４０,０．２１）低于甘芥杂种一代与双亲回交的结实力（３．３０,１．７４）,无论是芥甘杂种一代还是甘芥杂种一代,用甘蓝型油菜作父本回交的结实力高于用芥菜型油菜作父本回交的结实力,但也有个别回交组合出现例外,不表现上述规律。 Ｂ Ｃ１ 代种子当年播种出苗率低（１８．５％ ）,群体株间性状差异明显,生育期极不一致。芥甘杂种一代与甘蓝型油菜亲本第二次回交,其平均结实数／花较回交一代提高 １．０８ 粒, Ｂ Ｃ２ 代种子当年播种出苗率仍较低,但较对应的 Ｂ Ｃ１ 代稍有提高,群体中出现趋回交父本性状但雄性育性彻底退化的植株。芥甘杂种一代自由授粉所得 Ｆ２ 群体是一个变异极为丰富的遗传群体。 相似文献
12.
以陕西省杂交油菜研究中心选育的单显性核不育油菜分离群体为材料,对单显性核不育油菜的育性特征、花器形态进行了多代跟踪调查;对其遗传规律进行了探讨,确定该不育性状受一对显性核基因控制;利用集群分离法(BSA)对该油菜单显性核不育基因进行了RAPD分析。在所选用的300个随机引物中,获得引物S243(5’CTATGCCGAC 3’)在可育集团与不育集团问扩增出多态性产物S-2431500。通过对该分离群体及其姐妹系分离群体进行单株验证,均获得相同的扩增结果,表明S-2431500与单显性核不育基因相连锁。 相似文献
13.
Rana D van den Boogaart T O'Neill CM Hynes L Bent E Macpherson L Park JY Lim YP Bancroft I 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2004,40(5):725-733
The cultivated Brassica species are the group of crops most closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). They represent models for the application in crops of genomic information gained in Arabidopsis and provide an opportunity for the investigation of polyploid genome formation and evolution. The scientific literature contains contradictory evidence for the dynamics of the evolution of polyploid genomes. We aimed at overcoming the inherent complexity of Brassica genomes and clarify the effects of polyploidy on the evolution of genome microstructure in specific segments of the genome. To do this, we have constructed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from genomic DNA of B. rapa subspecies trilocularis (JBr) and B. napus var Tapidor (JBnB) to supplement an existing BAC library from B. oleracea. These allowed us to analyse both recent polyploidization (under 10,000 years in B. napus) and more ancient polyploidization events (ca. 20 Myr for B. rapa and B. oleracea relative to Arabidopsis), with an analysis of the events occurring on an intermediate time scale (over the ca. 4 Myr since the divergence of the B. rapa and B. oleracea lineages). Using the Arabidopsis genome sequence and clones from the JBr library, we have analysed aspects of gene conservation and microsynteny between six regions of the genome of B. rapa with the homoeologous regions of the genomes of B. oleracea and Arabidopsis. Extensive divergence of gene content was observed between the B. rapa paralogous segments and their homoeologous segments within the genome of Arabidopsis. A pattern of interspersed gene loss was identified that is similar, but not identical, to that observed in B. oleracea. The conserved genes show highly conserved collinearity with their orthologues across genomes, but a small number of species-specific rearrangements were identified. Thus the evolution of genome microstructure is an ongoing process. Brassica napus is a recently formed polyploid resulting from the hybridization of B. rapa (containing the Brassica A genome) and B. oleracea (containing the Brassica C genome). Using clones from the JBnB library, we have analysed the microstructure of the corresponding segments of the B. napus genome. The results show that there has been little or no change to the microstructure of the analysed segments of the Brassica A and C genomes as a consequence of the hybridization event forming natural B. napus. The observations indicate that, upon polyploid formation, these segments of the genome did not undergo a burst of evolution discernible at the scale of microstructure. 相似文献
14.
MADS-box基因家族参与调控开花时间、花器官分化、根系生长、分生组织分化、子房和配子发育、果实膨大及衰老等植物生长发育的重要过程。基于甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)基因组测序数据,利用生物信息学方法对甘蓝型油菜MADS-box基因家族进行鉴定和注释及基因结构与系统进化分析。结果显示,在甘蓝型油菜中鉴定出307个MADS-box基因家族成员,根据进化关系可将其分为两大类型,I型(M-type)包含α、β、γ三个亚家族,II型(MIKC-type)包括MIKCC和MIKC*两个亚家族,MIKCC可进一步分为13个小类;甘蓝型油菜A基因组染色体上分布的MADS-box基因多于C基因组。在基因结构上,MIKC-type亚家族基因序列普遍比M-type长且含有较多的外显子;M-type亚家族蛋白序列中的motif数量为2–5个,MIKC-type亚家族蛋白序列中平均含有7个motif。拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)与甘蓝型油菜MADS-box基因共线性分析结果显示,全基因组复制事件对MADS-box基因家族尤其是MIKC亚家族的扩张起重要作用;MIKC亚家族基因在进化过程中受到的选择压力约为M-type的2倍,这表明MIKC-type亚家族在进化过程中被选择性保留。 相似文献
15.
H. Ling K. Zuo J. Zhao J. Qin C. Qiu X. Sun K. Tang 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2006,53(3):366-372
Lipase is an important lipolytic enzyme involved in plant lipid metabolism. To analyze its function and roles during seed germination and growth, a full-length cDNA encoding a homologous to lipase gene named BnLIP1 was cloned from Brassica napus, cv. Huyou 15, by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The BnLIP1 gene had a total length of 1318 bp, with an open reading frame of 1170 bp encoding 389 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis revealed that BnLIP1 protein belonged to the GDSL family of serine esterases/lipases. In B. napus genome, BnLIP1 is represented by several copies with the length of 1601 bp, the gene comprises five exons and four introns. RT-PCR analysis indicated that BnLIP1 showed no tissue-specific expression during reproductive growth and is strongly expressed during seed germination. No expression could be detected until three days after germination, and its peak was registered at the fifth day after germination. In conclusion, BnLIP1-encoded protein is predicted to be a lipolytic enzyme widely expressed at various stages of oilseed rape germination and development. Published in Russian in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2006, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 410–417. The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
16.
目的:加密油菜控制硫甙性状QTL区间,并进行QTL整合预测候选基因。方法:利用生物信息学方法根据已知测序的白菜BAC序列信息设计引物,在油菜TN DH群体中进行多态性扩增和定位,并根据加密后构建的遗传连锁图重新检测QTL,进行QTL整合。结果:将根据白菜BAC设计的3对多态性标记成功定位到油菜控制硫甙性状QTL区间,进行QTL整合后将QTL置信区间进一步缩小,并判定了初步的候选基因。结论:充分利用白菜已测序的BAC或者基因组信息,将能加快油菜基础研究的步伐。 相似文献
17.
Gou M Shi Z Zhu Y Bao Z Wang G Hua J 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2012,69(3):411-420
Disease resistance (R) proteins, as central regulators of plant immunity, are tightly regulated for effective defense responses and to prevent constitutive defense activation under non-pathogenic conditions. Here we report the identification of an F-box protein CPR1/CPR30 as a negative regulator of an R protein SNC1 likely through SCF (Skp1-cullin-F-box) mediated protein degradation. The cpr1-2 (cpr30-1) loss-of-function mutant has constitutive defense responses, and it interacts synergistically with a gain-of function mutant snc1-1 and a bon1-1 mutant where SNC1 is upregulated. The loss of SNC1 function suppresses the mutant phenotypes of cpr1-2 and cpr1-2 bon1-1, while overexpression of CPR1 rescues mutant phenotypes of both bon1-1 and snc1-1. Furthermore, the amount of SNC1 protein is upregulated in the cpr1-2 mutant and down-regulated when CPR1 is overexpressed. The regulation of SNC1 by CPR1 is dependent on the 26S proteosome as a protease inhibitor MG132 stabilizes SNC1 and reverses the effect of CPR1 on SNC1. Interestingly, CPR1 is induced after infection of both virulent and avirulent pathogens similarly to the other negative defense regulator BON1. Thus, this study reveals a new mechanism in R protein regulation likely through protein degradation and suggests negative regulation as a critical component in fine control of plant immunity. 相似文献
18.
采用秋水仙素染色体加倍技术,获得了纯合黑籽甘蓝型油菜品系NJ230(Brassica napus)的染色体加倍材料(2n=76).对加倍材料连续自交3代,观察加倍材料后代染色体数目及性状变异,结果表明:(1)加倍材料当代(D1)植株矮化;(2)加倍材料自交1代群体(D2)呈现雄性不育、种子颜色等性状变异;(3)加倍材料自交2代后(D3、D4),多数植株染色体数为2n≤38;(4)获得了1个2n=32的黄籽非整倍体系.本实验为油菜非整倍体创建提供了一种可行的方法. 相似文献
19.
Zheng-Jun Guan Bao-Cheng Shen Wei Wei Zhi-Xi Tang C. Neal Stewart Jr 《Nordic Journal of Botany》2020,38(9)
Transgene flow from engineered Brassica napus to wild weed relatives could potentially have an environmental effect. To evaluate the introgression of transgenic B. napus into wild Brassica juncea, the hybrid F1 and backcross progenies derived from B. juncea (genome constitution AABB) and transgenic B. napus (AACC) crosses were investigated. C-genome-specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers corresponding to linkage groups N11–N19 in B. napus were screened and used to estimate the marker frequency in hybrid F1 and backcross progenies. C-genome-specific markers could be stably detected in hybrid F1 and backcross BC1 plants, but were only rarely found in the BC2–BC5 generations. For example, a specific SSR marker for linkage group N12 segregated in BC2 generation but were completely lost in BC3–BC5, while a specific SSR marker of linkage group N15 segregated in BC1, BC2 and BC3 generations and was absent in more advanced backcrossed generations (BC4 and BC5). The results indicate that a certain gene regions in Brassica napus plants are transmitted at a relatively lower frequency to wild relatives, and more rapidly disappeared in subsequent backcross generations. We propose that a foreign gene or transgene that is integrated in the C-chromosome of Brassica napus could reduce the risk of introgression in nature. 相似文献
20.