呼吸道合胞病毒与哮喘

据流行病学资料统计,呼吸道合胞病毒感染与哮喘的发生和发展密切相关。大部分ＲＳＶ感染病儿数年后出现哮喘症状,且ＲＳＶ感染可存在于哮喘的各种不同时期中,故可能是哮喘的诱发和加重因素。其致病机制可能与ＲＳＶ特异性ＩｇＥ诱导的Ｉ型变态反庆,组胺释放因子和嗜酸性粒细胞正性蛋白等细胞因子,组胺等炎性介质的释放以及ＲＳＶ对上皮的直接毒性等有关。     

儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染情况研究

摘要 目的：检测2011-2021年期间住院患儿血清中的呼吸道合胞病毒抗体IgM,分析并探讨呼吸道合胞病毒的流行病学特征。方法：应用酶联免疫分析方法定性检测患儿血清中的呼吸道合胞病毒抗体IgM,采用卡方检验对不同年份、性别、年龄及季节的感染率进行分析。结果：呼吸道合胞病毒总感染率为4.3%,每年女性患儿比男性患儿感染率高,性别之间无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。在不同年龄段上,从2011-2014年及2020年,RSV感染率主要集中在0-8岁之间,随着年龄增长,住院患儿几乎没有感染RSV。从2015-2019年,0-13岁基本上每个年龄里都有RSV的感染;在2021年,RSV感染率主要是1-3岁。在每年的四季中,呼吸道合胞病毒感染率各不相同,一般在冬季感染率较高,依次是春季、秋季和夏季,各个季节之间无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：呼吸道合胞病毒感染可引起儿童毛细支气管炎,是引起儿童哮喘的重要原因,并且可加重哮喘的症状,掌握儿童呼吸道合胞病毒流行病学特征,有助于了解儿童感染特点,有利于儿童疾病的诊断与治疗。     

老年人呼吸道合胞病毒感染研究现状

老年人呼吸道合胞病毒感染研究现状郭建巍综述张峰审校（兰州军区总医院,兰州７３００５０）分类号Ｒ５６０．２呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙｓｙｎｃｙｔｉａｌＶｉｒｕｓ,ＲＳＶ）,是全世界婴幼儿下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体。ＲＳＶ感染可造成相当规模的...     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染的防治研究进展

呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）是婴幼儿最主要的下呼吸道病毒病原,对于ＲＳＶ的预防和治疗成为人们非常关注的问题。本文讨论了ＲＳＶ预防和治疗的研究进展,并指出以后的发展趋势。     

裸鼠呼吸道合胞病毒感染的动物模型

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是全世界婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的首位病毒病原体,免疫缺陷个体容易发生严重感染,目前尚无理想RSV感染动物模型用于研究。我们用细胞免疫缺陷裸鼠感染RSV,旨在建立理想的动物模型,为RSV感染的防治研究奠定基础。裸鼠滴鼻感染RSV后肺组织分离到病毒,直接免疫荧光检测到支气管肺泡灌洗液RSV抗原阳性,空斑形成实验检测肺组织病毒滴度在感染后第3天达高峰,并持续到第9天仍能检测到病毒。免疫组化检测RSV抗原主要分布在细支气管、毛细支气管和肺泡上皮细胞胞浆内。肺组织病理学显示RSV感染导致裸鼠淋巴细胞浸润为主的肺间质性炎症,电镜分析超微结构可见到细胞内病毒颗粒和气血屏障的破坏。支气管肺泡灌洗液白细胞计数显示裸鼠RSV感染炎症高峰在感染后第9天。裸鼠RSV感染的病毒复制和病理改变特点与人相似,病毒持续高水平复制,是客观而实用的评价抗RSV制剂效果的小鼠模型。     

裸鼠呼吸道合胞病毒感染的动物模型

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是全世界婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的首位病毒病原体,免疫缺陷个体容易发生严重感染,目前尚无理想RSV感染动物模型用于研究.我们用细胞免疫缺陷裸鼠感染RSV,旨在建立理想的动物模型,为RSV感染的防治研究奠定基础.裸鼠滴鼻感染RSV后肺组织分离到病毒,直接免疫荧光检测到支气管肺泡灌洗液RSV抗原阳性,空斑形成实验检测肺组织病毒滴度在感染后第3天达高峰,并持续到第9天仍能检测到病毒.免疫组化检测RSV抗原主要分布在细支气管、毛细支气管和肺泡上皮细胞胞浆内.肺组织病理学显示RSV感染导致裸鼠淋巴细胞浸润为主的肺间质性炎症,电镜分析超微结构可见到细胞内病毒颗粒和气血屏障的破坏.支气管肺泡灌洗液白细胞计数显示裸鼠RSV感染炎症高峰在感染后第9天.裸鼠RSV感染的病毒复制和病理改变特点与人相似,病毒持续高水平复制,是客观而实用的评价抗RSV制剂效果的小鼠模型.     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染人肺上皮细胞一氧化氮的产生及其作用

本文探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染人肺上皮细胞(A549细胞)后, 一氧化氮(NO)的水平变化及其在RSV感染中的氧化损伤和抗病毒作用。RSV以不同时间感染A549细胞, 并给予NO合成的抑制剂氨基胍(AG)处理。收集细胞培养上清, 分别用硝酸还原酶法和硫代巴比妥酸法检测NO和丙二醛(MDA)含量, 化学法检测羟自由基(OH·)与超氧阴离子(O2.—)水平, 空斑形成试验测定病毒复制滴度(PFU)。结果显示在RSV感染4 h后即上调NO、OH·、O2.—和MDA的表达水平。当RSV感染中给予AG处理以抑制iNOS合成NO时, 则降低OH·、O2.—和MDA含量, 但病毒PFU升高。各指标的变化与相应时间点的感染组相比, 差异均有显著性。提示RSV感染肺上皮细胞诱导生成的NO与细胞内自由基水平升高和加重细胞的自由基损伤程度有关; 但在一定程度上可抑制病毒的增殖水平。     

呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗研究进展

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是引起严重下呼吸道感染的重要病原体,尽管经历了半个多世纪的努力,至今仍未有安全有效的RSV疫苗上市。近年来在RSV F蛋白结构生物学方面的研究进展为新一代RSV疫苗的开发提供了新方向,同时更多的采用不同技术、或针对不同人群的RSV侯选疫苗也在迅速发展,尤其是针对婴幼儿及老年人的RSV侯选苗已有60多种在研究中,大部分已处于临床前研究阶段,18种侯选苗已进入临床试验。我们简要介绍RSV疫苗的最新研究进展。     

住院肺炎患儿偏肺病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒感染研究

为探讨沈阳地区肺炎患儿中偏肺病毒(hMPV)和呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染情况,用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法对部分因肺部感染住院患儿进行了病原学研究。结果显示,hMPV感染率为9%;而RSV感染率为46%,其中A型占40%,B型占60%。研究结果表明,在婴幼儿肺炎患儿中RSV感染率高于hMPV感染率,两者所致肺炎在发病年龄、性别及临床症状上无显著区别。     

A role for airway remodeling during respiratory syncytial virus infection

Background

Severe respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV) during infancy has been shown to be a major risk factor for the development of subsequent wheeze. However, the reasons for this link remain unclear. The objective of this research was to determine the consequences of early exposure to RSV and allergen in the development of subsequent airway hyperreactivity (AHR) using a developmental time point in the mouse that parallels that of the human neonate.

Methods

Weanling mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (Ova) and/or infected with RSV. Eight days after the last allergen challenge, various pathophysiological endpoints were examined.

Results

AHR in response to methacholine was enhanced only in weanling mice exposed to Ova and subsequently infected with RSV. The increase in AHR appeared to be unrelated to pulmonary RSV titer. Total bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity in these mice increased approximately two-fold relative to Ova alone and was attributable to increases in eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers. Enhanced pulmonary pathologies including persistent mucus production and subepithelial fibrosis were observed. Interestingly, these data correlated with transient increases in TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-2.

Conclusion

The observed changes in pulmonary structure may provide an explanation for epidemiological data suggesting that early exposure to allergens and RSV have long-term physiological consequences. Furthermore, the data presented here highlight the importance of preventative strategies against RSV infection of atopic individuals during neonatal development.     

Neonatal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children.Efficacious vaccination...     

呼吸道合胞病毒诱导细胞凋亡与自噬

呼吸道合胞病毒感染与细胞凋亡、自噬的关系错综复杂。研究发现呼吸道合胞病毒感染细胞后,既能产生促细胞凋亡作用,也能产生抗细胞凋亡作用,还能诱导细胞发生自噬。研究这些过程机理,能帮助我们更好地认识呼吸道合胞病毒感染发病机制,为预防和治疗呼吸道合胞病毒感染提供一些新的方向。     

NK cell immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Reduced numbers of NK cells have been reported in infants with severe RSV infection; however, the precise role of NK cells during acute RSV infection is unclear. In this study the NK and T cell phenotypes, LILRB1 gene polymorphisms and KIR genotypes of infants hospitalized with RSV infection were analyzed. Compared to controls, infants with acute RSV infection showed a higher proportion of LILRB1+ T cells; in addition, a subgroup of infants with RSV infection showed an increase in LILRB1+ NK cells. No differences in NKG2C, NKG2A, or CD161 expression between RSV infected infants and controls were observed. LILRB1 genotype distribution of the rs3760860 A>G, and rs3760861 A>G single nucleotide polymorphisms differed between infants with RSV infection and healthy donors, whereas no differences in any of the KIR genes were observed. Our results suggest that LILRB1 participates in the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Further studies are needed to define the role of LILRB1+ NK in response to RSV and to confirm an association between LILRB1 polymorphisms and the risk of severe RSV infection.     

Respiratory syncytial virus infection activates STAT signaling in human epithelial cells

Acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes airway inflammation and exacerbates asthma, but the mechanism of inflammation is poorly understood. The role of the STAT-signaling pathway in RSV infection in epithelial cells was examined in this study. DNA microarray analyses of RSV-infected human alveolar type II (A549) epithelial cells identified several genes whose expression was altered from -5.5 to +56.4-fold. Four of the highly expressed genes contained STAT-binding elements. In A549 and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE), RSV induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT-1alpha that was abrogated when RSV attachment was blocked. Treatment with a JAK-2 inhibitor or transfection with dominant-negative STAT-1alpha blocked STAT-1alpha activation and RSV infection. RSV also activated STAT-3 and IL-6 specific antibodies blocked this activation. Thus, activation of the STAT-1alpha and STAT-3 pathways play a role in RSV infection.     

The preventive effect of vaccine prophylaxis on severe respiratory syncytial virus infection:A meta-analysis

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is the key underlying cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants; however, no licensed vaccine against RSV infection is currently available. This study was undertaken to assess the preventive effect of vaccine on RSV infection. In this metaanalysis, 1,792 published randomized clinical trials of RSV vaccines from Jan 1973 to Sep 2015 were examined. Among thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria, eleven studies estimated the impact of RSV vaccines and four studies estimated the effect of adjuvants. The odds ratios(ORs) were 0.31(95% CI, 0.15–0.67) and 0.62(95% CI, 0.29–1.34), respectively. We found that RSV subunit vaccines can significantly reduce the incidence of RSV infection and that whether vaccination with adjuvant therapy was an effective strategy still remained to be studied. This analysis of the preventive effect of vaccines on RSV infection has direct applications for the prevention of RSV infections.     

Toll 样受体通路激活改善呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗诱导免疫应答的研究进展

呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是导致婴幼儿严重下呼吸道感染的最重要病原体,但该病毒的灭活疫苗可引起RSV疫苗增强性疾病（RVED）。RVED的机制目前仍不清楚。Toll样受体（TLR）及其信号转导对 RSV的识别和宿主免疫的激发均有重要作用,其在RVED机制中的作用也日益受到关注。本文主要介绍TLR在抗RSV天然免疫和获得性免疫中的角色及其信号通路激活状态改变对RVED免疫格局的影响,提示RVED机制可能与TLR信号通路激活不足有关,从而为RSV疫苗研制提供新的策略和方法。