重组人Doppel蛋白的表达及其细胞毒性作用的研究

Doppel(Dpl)蛋白是新近发现的PrP相关蛋白.根据GenBank公布的人PRND cDNA序列设计合成特异性引物,用PCR方法从人外周血白细胞总DNA中扩增获得531 bp的人PRND完整基因序列,测序正确后克隆至表达载体,转化大肠杆菌JM109,IPTG诱导表达重组人Doppel(rhDpl)蛋白.目的蛋白以包涵体形式表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的60%以上.表达产物用Ni2 亲和层析柱纯化及羟胺化学裂解法去除标签蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测证实,纯化的rhDpl蛋白相对分子量约为15 kD.Trypan Blue及MTT实验显示,在50μg/mL及以上剂量时,rhDpl蛋白具有抑制人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞生长的作用,在100μg/mL及以上剂量时,rhDpl具有杀伤HeLa细胞的活性,呈现明显的剂量和时间依赖性.Hoechst33342荧光染色观察显示经rhDpl作用的人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y呈现出细胞凋亡现象.这些结果提示Dpl蛋白具有体外细胞毒作用,并呈现明显的组织类型特异性.以上工作为进一步了解人Dpl蛋白体内外生物学作用奠定了基础.     

Flt-1胞外Ⅲ区蛋白的可溶性表达、纯化及活性测定

本研究旨在克隆和表达人血管内皮生长因子受体-1胞外Ⅲ区蛋白,并测定其生物学活性。应用RT-PCR法从人脐静脉内皮细胞中克隆Flt-1胞外Ⅲ区基因片段,经测序鉴定后再克隆到原核表达载体pAYZ中,构建出的表达载体pAYZflt-1Ⅲ转化大肠杆菌16C9后,用低磷培养基诱导表达目的蛋白;采用E-tag亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白;用SDS-PAGE、Western blotting和BCA法对其进行定性、定量检测鉴定;用ELISA、损伤愈合试验和Transwell法检测靶蛋白生物学活性。克隆的Flt-1胞外Ⅲ区基因经测序鉴定正确。所构建的pAflt-1Ⅲ表达载体经低磷培养基诱导后高表达出可溶性Flt-1胞外Ⅲ区蛋白,产量约为1.1mg/L;ELISA结果显示该蛋白可以结合VEGF165,并表现为剂量依赖性,其与配体结合的解离常数Kd为1.180pmol/L。损伤愈合试验和Transwell结果显示该蛋白可以抑制VEGF165(50ng/ml)和bFGF(100ng/mL)诱导的脐静脉内皮细胞的迁移,并呈剂量依赖性。这将为今后开展人flt-1基因Ⅲ区的功能研究及其单抗研制奠定了实验基础。     

瘦素对血管平滑肌细胞周期蛋白D1、CDK2表达的影响

目的观察瘦素对人平滑肌细胞周期时相及cyclin D1、CDK2表达的影响,探讨瘦素促进平滑肌细胞增殖的作用机制。方法取对数生长期的平滑肌细胞同步于G0期,分为加入浓度为0、20、40、80、100、200ng/ml瘦素的各组。作用24h后分别用MTT法检测细胞活性,用流式仪进行细胞周期时相的检测,Western blot法测定Cyclin D1、CDK2的表达。结果随着瘦素浓度的增加G0/G1期的平滑肌细胞逐渐减少,S期和G2/M期细胞逐渐增加,PI增殖指数逐渐增加。cyclin D1、CDK2蛋白的表达呈剂量依赖性的上升趋势。以上两项检测均在100ng/ml处达最高。结论瘦素上调cyclinD1、CDK2蛋白的表达,可能是促进平滑肌细胞增殖的机制之一。     

MAGE-3原核表达载体的构建和表达

通过RT-PCR扩增957bp的MAGE-3全长编码序列,将该片段克隆至Pgex-4T-2原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL-21,经IPTG诱导表达,并经12%SDSPAGE凝胶电泳,考马斯亮蓝染色及Western blot鉴定,证明了目的基因的有效表达,目的蛋白高达细菌总蛋白的32%。表达产物经Glutathione Sepharose 4B 纯化后,每100mL菌液最终可获得3mg的目的蛋白,蛋白纯度在90%以上。纯化的GST-MAGE-3蛋白在体外冲击树突状细胞,能诱导特异性CTL杀伤肿瘤细胞活性。     

人Leptin的基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

用 RT- PCR自脂肪细胞 RNA扩增人瘦素 (leptin)基因的 c DNA片段 (约 50 0 bp)并克隆至克隆载体 p SK(+) ,获得重组质粒 p SK- OB,DNA序列分析显示获得的 Leptin基因和文献报道一致 .用限制酶 Eco R 和 Bam H 从 p SK- OB切下并插入原核表达载体 p BV2 2 0的相应限制酶位点 ,转化大肠杆菌 DH5α.转化菌株经 42℃诱导 ,SDS- PAGE检测和 Western印迹鉴定 ,获得高水平重组人瘦素的表达菌株 ,其表达量达菌体总蛋白的 30 %以上 .     

低毒且高效杀伤人肿瘤细胞的新型人肿瘤

采用定点突变的方法构建了两株新型人肿瘤坏死因子突变体MT1 (32Trp157Phe)和MT2(2Lys30Ser32Trp157Phe), 并在大肠杆菌中得以高效表达, 表达量占菌体总蛋白的50%且为可溶性蛋白. 表达产物经蛋白印渍法检测, 均能与抗野生型hTNF-a单抗结合且经分离纯化后样品的纯度在95%以上. 各突变体虽然对鼠成纤维瘤细胞L929的生物学活性比野生型下降了4~5个数量级, 但却能高效杀伤人肿瘤细胞, 杀伤程度与野生型相差不明显. 测定突变体MT1的LD50值降至野生型的0.34%, 而MT2对小鼠30%致死剂量则低于野生型LD50的1/700.     

瘦素对卵巢癌细胞 SKOV3 增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨瘦素对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖及凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:用不同浓度的瘦素(0、50、100、200 ng/m L)处理人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞48 h后,采用MTT法检细胞的生长;以血清饥饿诱导细胞凋亡,同时给予瘦素刺激,Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡的变化;western blotting分析p21、cyclin D1、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达水平和ERK1/2通路的活化情况。结果:瘦素以剂量依赖性的方式促进人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的增殖,同时抑制血清饥饿诱导的细胞凋亡。瘦素处理可下调p21和上调cyclin D1的表达,抑制促凋亡分子Bax的表达和上调抗凋亡分子Bcl-2的表达。瘦素可诱导细胞中ERK1/2通路的活化,其抑制剂PD98059可明显抑制瘦素诱导的促细胞增殖和抗凋亡作用,同时伴随有cyclin D1、Bcl-2蛋白表达的下调和Bax的上调。结论:瘦素可能通过活化ERK1/2通路调节细胞有丝分裂进程,进而促进卵巢癌细胞的增殖;同时通过调节凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达抑制卵巢癌细胞的凋亡。     

用改良消减杂交筛选类风湿性关节炎滑膜细胞中高表达基因

 为了研究类风湿性关节炎 (rheumatoid arthritis,RA)滑膜细胞 (fibroblast- like synovialcells,FLS)过度增殖和破坏软骨的分子机理 ,利用改良消减杂交法以骨性关节炎 (osteoarthritis,OA)病人滑膜细胞为对照 ,筛选 RA滑膜细胞中的高表达基因 .将得到的基因片段克隆入质粒载体 ,通过反向点杂交排除假阳性克隆后 ,将阳性克隆进行核酸序列分析 ,最后用 Northern杂交方法检测一些高表达基因在 RA和 OA病人滑膜细胞中的表达水平 .结果显示 ,共分离到 1 50个 RA高表达基因片段 ,其中长于 1 0 0 0 bp的片段占 8% (1 2 /1 50 ) ,长于 40 0 bp的片段占 36.7% (55/1 50 ) ,在大于 40 0 bp的片段中 ,假阳性率为 2 3.7% (1 3/55) .在测序的 1 8个片段中 ,已知基因有 1 2个 ,其中包括 IGF- 1结合蛋白 (IGFBP)特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶、层粘连蛋白受体和组织蛋白酶 B等 .新序列有 6个 ,其中两个序列分别与 Ring- box蛋白 1和 SON DNA结合蛋白同源 .对 IGFBP特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶、层粘连蛋白受体和组织蛋白酶 B基因的 Northern杂交分析显示 ,在 RA病人滑膜细胞中 ,这些基因的表达水平高于 OA病人滑膜细胞 .这些结果提示 ,这种改良消减杂交法是一种简便有效的分离差异表达基因的方法 ;IGF- 1结合蛋白特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶、层粘     

丁酸通过增强肝线粒体功能缓解高脂诱导的小鼠肥胖北大核心CSCD

丁酸可以预防高脂日粮诱导的小鼠肥胖和胰岛素抵抗,但是否有治疗作用尚不清楚。本研究证明,高脂日粮诱导小鼠肥胖模型后,用80 mg/mL丁酸钠水溶液灌胃能够缓解肥胖。表观指标检测发现,丁酸钠显著降低肥胖小鼠的肝重(1.24 g±0.03 g至1.08 g±0.04 g)、体重(32.46 g±0.50 g至28.35 g±0.58 g)和附睾脂重(1.33 g±0.13 g至0.81 g±0.08 g)及其与体重的比(4.06%±0.37%至2.83%±0.22%)。葡萄糖耐受实验和血液激素含量检测表明,丁酸钠部分缓解由高脂引起的葡萄糖不耐受,并显著降低血液中瘦素(3.71 ng/mL±0.62 ng/mL至1.50ng/m L±0.26 ng/mL)和胰岛素(2.39 ng/mL±0.30 ng/mL至1.25 ng/mL±0.09 ng/mL)的水平。肝中脂质和糖原的生化检测表明,丁酸钠对肝中的甘油三酯、胆固醇和糖原的含量没有显著影响。通过RT-PCR实验发现,丁酸钠显著上调线粒体β氧化和解耦联相关的关键基因以及线粒体自身编码的8个基因的mRNA水平的表达,Western印迹检测表明,丁酸钠显著升高肝葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT2和调控线粒体功能的关键蛋白PGC-1α的表达。上述结果提示,丁酸钠可能通过增强肝线粒体功能缓解食源性小鼠肥胖。     

6C6免疫毒素的原核表达、纯化及其对人乳腺癌细胞的作用研究

在人乳腺癌和其他肿瘤细胞表面通常过表达一 2 8ku膜蛋白 ,可作为肿瘤导向治疗的作用靶 .利用基因工程技术 ,将 6C6单链抗体 (ScFv6C6)同缺失细胞结合区的绿脓杆菌外毒素A(PE40 )相连 ,构建成 6C6免疫毒素 (ScFv6C6-PE40 ) ,其中ScFv6C6由能特异识别 2 8ku蛋白的 6C6单克隆抗体的重链可变区和轻链可变区连接而成 . 6C6免疫毒素的原核表达水平为 3 3 % ,约 5 5mg/L菌液 .利用HisTrap(镍离子螯合 )柱层析纯化 ,得到纯度为 3 3 2 %的 6C6免疫毒素 ,其可识别MDA 2 3 1人乳腺癌细胞表面上的肿瘤相关抗原 ,并可杀伤这些细胞 ,半致死剂量为92ng/mL .     

Expression of recombinant rat Neurotrophin-3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells

The CHO cell line stably producing recombinant rat NT-3 was established. The insertion of rNT-3 cDNA into transferred cell gonome was analyzed with Southern blot. The expressed protein was identified by Dot ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Western blot. Western blot showed a clear specifie band of about 14 ku for NT-3. The mean level of rNT-3 in four NT-3eDNA/CHO cell lines was about 2 100 ng/10~6 cells/48 h determined by EIA. The conditioned-medium (CM) of NT-3cDNA/CHO cells could promote the fiber outgrowth of the dissociated dorsal root ganglion of 8-day-old chick embryos, which shows a dose-response relationship. A half-maximal concentration of the biological activity (EC50) of the recombinant protein was approximately 16.7 ng/mL. The MoAb 3W3 of NT-3 could neutralize the biological activity of the rNT-3.     

Expression of recombinant rat Neurotrophin-3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells

The CHO cell line stably producing recombinant rat NT-3 was established. The insertion of rNT-3 cDNA into transferred cell gonome was analyzed with Southern blot. The expressed protein was identified by Dot ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Western blot. Western blot showed a clear specific band of about 14 ku for NT-3. The mean level of rNT-3 in four NT-3cDNA/CHO cell lines was about 2 100 ng/10⁶ cells/48 h determined by EIA. The conditioned-medium (CM) of NT-3cDNA/CHO cells could promote the fiber outgrowth of the dissociated dorsal root ganglion of 8-day-old chick embryos, which shows a dose-response relationship. A half-maximal concentration of the biological activity (EC50) of the recombinant protein was approximately 16.7 ng/mL. The MoAb 3W3 of NT-3 could neutralize the biological activity of the rNT-3.     

菜籽饼提取物抑制黑色素生成作用

为了研究菜籽饼提取物对黑色素合成的抑制作用,为菜籽饼提取物作为美白化妆品的天然添加剂提供实验依据。采用ABTS法、DPPH法检测菜籽饼提取物清除自由基的能力,测定A-375黑色素细胞中酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素含量,并利用各自的试剂盒检测A-375细胞中抗氧化相关因子(MDA, SOD, GSH)。研究结果表明:菜籽饼提取物具有清除DPPH和ABTS的能力,对DPPH和ABTS的半数抑制率分别为304μg/mL和305.8μg/mL。菜籽饼提取物具有显著的抑制A-375黑色素的作用,药物作用48 h后,其IC50为113.3μg/m L,同时能够显著的降低黑色素的含量和酪氨酸酶的活性。与空白对照组(17.66 mol/ng)相比,菜籽饼提取物能显著降低A-375细胞内MDA含量,其抑制率为9.21 mol/ng,且能够显著提高SOD的含量,当浓度为125μg/m L时,SOD的含量较空白对照组提高了36.54 U/mL,与此同时,菜籽饼提取物亦能增加GSH的含量,当浓度为62.5μg/mL时,细胞中GSH的含量为6.43 mol/ng,其含量显著高于空白对照组。因此,菜籽饼提取物在降低黑色素含量、抑制酪氨酸酶活性的同时,也能够通过显著的抗氧化能力和清除自由基的能力,抑制A-375细胞中黑色素的生成。     

Antibacterial activities of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers terminated with amino and poly(ethylene glycol) groups

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer derivatives have been investigated for their biological applications, especially for delivery of drugs, including antimicrobial drugs to eukaryotic cells, but their effects on bacterial cells are largely unexplored. Herein we report that amino-terminated PAMAM dendrimers are highly toxic to the common Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The concentration that kills 50% of the bacteria (EC50) was in the range of approximately 0.9-1.5 microg/mL for the generation 5, amino-terminated dendrimers with or without partial (43%) coating of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). These EC50 values were lower than that ( approximately 1.9-2.8 microg/mL) for LL-37, a potent antimicrobial peptide expressed in a variety of epithelia. On the contrary, the dendrimers were far less toxic (EC50 > 21 microg/mL) to the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus than LL-37 (EC50 = approximately 1.9 microg/mL). In agreement with the previous studies on other cell types, the dendrimers were not cytotoxic to human corneal epithelial cells at the concentrations that were toxic to P. aeruginosa. Our findings indicate that amino-terminated PAMAM dendrimers and their partially PEG-coated derivatives possess attractive antimicrobial properties, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, thus expanding the potential biological application of the dendrimers.     

Chemiluminescence assay for reactive oxygen species scavenging activities and inhibition on oxidative damage of DNA in Deinococcus radiodurans.

Free radical scavenging effects of the cellular protein extracts from two strains of Deinococcus radiodurans and Escherichia coli against O2-, H2O2 and *OH were investigated by chemiluminescence (CL) methods. The cellular protein extracts of D. radiodurans R1 and KD8301 showed higher scavenging effects on O2- than that of E. coli. D. radiodurans R1 and KD8301 also strongly scavenged H2O2 with an EC50 (50% effective concentration) of 0.12 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively, compared to that of E. coli (EC50 = 3.56 mg/mL). The two strains of D. radiodurans were effective in scavenging *OH generated by the Fenton reaction, with EC50 of 0.059 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively, compared to that of E. coli (EC50 > 1 mg/mL). Results from the chemiluminescence assay of *OH-induced DNA damage and the plasmid pUC18 DNA double-strand break (DSB) model in vitro showed that D. radiodurans had remarkably inhibitory effect on the *OH-induced oxidative damage of DNA. The scavenging effects of D. radiodurans on reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in the response to oxidation stress and preventing against DNA oxidative damage, and may be attributed to intracellular scavenging proteins, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase.     

Cloning and characterization of full-length human ribosomal protein L15 cDNA which was overexpressed in esophageal cancer

The aim of this investigation was trying to identify the genes differentially expressed in esophageal cancer. By combining suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) with reverse Northern high density blots, a gene named EC45 was obtained, which dramatically overexpressed in 70% esophageal cancer (18/26). EC45 was mapped to 3p12-3p11.2 by radiation hybrid mapping (RH mapping). The putative full length EC45 cDNA (1987 bp) was identified by cDNA libraries screening of esophageal cancer. EC45 encoded 204 amino acids, and it shared a 100% similarity with ribosomal protein L15 (635 bp, mRNA) in ORF, but no similarity in 5' UTR or 3' UTR. Northern blot panel of multiple adult human normal tissues showed EC45 distributed in almost normal tissues tested. All these data suggested that EC45, encoding ribosomal protein L15 and overexpressing in esophageal cancer might play a possible role in carcinogenesis of esophagus.     

玫烟色棒束孢几丁质酶的转基因球孢白僵菌菌株的获得及其对马尾松毛虫的毒力增效作用

本文根据GenBank中已登录的蜡蚧蚧霉Lecanicillium lecanii,粉棒束孢Isaria farinosa,球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana和金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae的几丁质酶基因序列的同源性比较, 以它们高度保守的核苷酸序列设计一对引物,采用RT-PCR和3′/5′-RACE相结合的方法,首次从玫烟色棒束孢Isaria fumosorosea中克隆出几丁质酶Ifuchi1全长cDNA基因。其全序列长为1 542 bp,编码阅读框由1 275个核苷酸组成, 5′非翻译区（5′-UTR）与3′非翻译区（3′-UTR）分别为33个核苷酸和234个核苷酸。基因编码424个氨基酸, 信号肽长度为24个氨基酸, 成熟蛋白理论分子量为47.6 kDa,理论等电点为4.89。该蛋白可归于几丁质酶18族V类。运用制备芽生孢子转化法将Ifuchi1基因导入球孢白僵菌。最适产酶时间36 h条件下, 挑选的转基因菌株的几丁质酶活性相对于野生型菌株提高了86.2%;在对马尾松毛虫的生物测定中,在孢子浓度为1×10⁷个孢子/mL时,与野生型菌株Bb13相比,转基因菌株的致死中时间LT₅₀平均缩短了29%,同时死亡率提高了52.9%;野生型菌株和转基因菌株致死中浓度LC₅₀分别为4.71×10⁶ 个孢子/ mL和1.74×10⁶ 个孢子/ mL,降低了约1.7倍的剂量,故通过基因工程方法获得的转基因工程菌株显著地提高了球孢白僵菌的杀虫效率。     

Effect of hydrocortisone on the maturation of human foetal kidney explants in serum-free organ culture

The effect of hydrocortisone on the in vitro maturation of human foetal kidney was investigated. Following legal therapeutic abortions, explants of renal cortex from foetuses aged 13-18 weeks were cultured for 5 days in serum-free Leibovitz's L-15 medium at 37 degrees C in a mixture of 95% air - 5% CO2, without hormone (controls) or with hydrocortisone at concentrations of 12.5, 25, or 50 ng/mL, which are the levels representative of different gestational periods. During the studied period of culture, the overall architecture of the renal structures was preserved without any evident signs of nephrogenesis induced by hydrocortisone. DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine and was stimulated on day 5 by 80% with the addition of hydrocortisone at 12.5 ng/mL, and by 131% with 50 ng/mL. In autoradiograms, the sites of [3H]thymidine incorporation were the same after hydrocortisone addition, but the number of labelled nuclei was higher in 5-day explants supplemented with hydrocortisone at 50 ng/mL. The activities of some brush border enzymes (leucylnaphthylamidase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase) were not influenced by hydrocortisone when compared with controls. Trehalase activity was decreased on day 5 with 12.5 and 50 ng/mL. A concentration of 12.5 ng/mL diminished gamma-glutamyltransferase activity by 29% on day 5. The incorporation of [3H]leucine into proteins was not influenced by any concentration of the glucocorticoid hormone. This study indicates that hydrocortisone directly influences cell proliferation and certain brush border enzymic activities in human developing kidney maintained in organ culture.     

Enhancement of endothelial cell migration by constitutively active LPA(1)-expressing tumor cells

2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase plays an important role in the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. The gene (BsbphCI) encoding a 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase from Bacillus sp. JF8 is 960 bp. We synthesized a 960 bp BsbphCI gene encoding a 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase derived from Bacillus sp. JF8 and expressed it in Escherichiacoli. The recombinant protein was about 36 kDa, confirmed by SDS-PAGE. The concentration of the purified protein was about 1.8 mg/mL. With 2,3-DHBP as a substrate, the optimal temperature for enzyme activity at pH 8.5 was 50 °C. The optimal pH for the 2,3-DHBP dioxygenase was 8.5. The enzyme retained 33% activity after heating at 60 °C for 60 min. We found that Cu(2+), K(+), Zn(2+), Mg(2+), Ni(2+), Co(2+), and Cd(2+) activated the enzyme. However, Ca(2+), Fe(2+), Li(+), and Cr(3+) inhibited it. Enzyme activity was reduced by exposure to H(2)O(2), SDS, and KI. The results of HPLC indicated that the transgenic E. coli strain with the BsbphCI gene degraded 2,3-DHBP more quickly than the wild type strain.     

Validated liquid chromatographic-ultraviolet method for the quantitation of tadalafil in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction

A highly selective, sensitive and rapid HPLC method has been developed and validated to quantify tadalafil in human plasma. The tadalafil and internal standard (loratadine, I.S.) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction technique followed by an aqueous back-extraction allowing injection of an aqueous solvent in the HPLC system. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse phase BDS Hypersil C-18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm, Thermo Separation Co., USA) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and aqueous solution containing 0.012 M triethylamine+0.020 M orthophosphoric acid (50/50, v/v). The analytes were detected at 225 nm. The assay exhibited a linear range of 5-600 ng/mL for tadalafil in human plasma. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL. The within- and between batch precision (expressed as coefficient of variation, C.V.) did not exceed 10.3% and the accuracy was within -7.6% deviation of the nominal concentration. The recovery of tadalafil from plasma was greater than 66.1%. Stability of tadalafil in plasma was excellent with no evidence of degradation during sample processing (auto-sampler) and 30 days storage in a freezer. This validated method is applied for the clinical study of the tadalafil in human volunteers.