结核分枝杆菌16-kDa α晶体蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的:利用基因工程技术原核表达并纯化结核分枝杆菌α晶体蛋白(Acr)。方法:以结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增Acr的编码基因,以pCold为载体构建重组质粒,再转化到表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,用IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析和纯化该表达产物。结果:构建了具有正确基因序列的Acr重组表达质粒,重组Acr在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经低温诱导得到可溶性表达;分别用6×His的单克隆抗体和16-kDa单克隆抗体对表达产物进行Western印迹分析,结果显示在相对分子质量约19 000处均有特异性条带,与预计大小吻合;纯化后蛋白纯度达90%,浓度达0.8 mg/mL。结论:表达了重组可溶性Acr,为深入研究该蛋白的生物学、免疫学活性奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌膜蛋白的异源表达与纯化研究进展

膜蛋白是一类与生物膜相互作用、具有重要功能和独特结构的蛋白质。异源表达纯化一直是了解膜蛋白结构和功能的重要瓶颈。结核分枝杆菌作为典型的胞内致病菌,其膜蛋白的研究具有很好的代表性以及重要意义。目前用于表达膜蛋白的有大肠杆菌、酵母、哺乳动物细胞等表达系统,但结核菌膜蛋白的表达宿主还往往局限于大肠杆菌。异源表达需要综合考虑蛋白的来源、疏水性、跨膜区等特性。低温、加入共表达因子以及改变培养条件有助于结核菌膜蛋白的可溶性表达。另外,包涵体复性也是获得结核菌目的膜蛋白的重要途径。随着新的表达系统,新的促可溶表达策略,新的包涵体复性手段,新的纯化方法的应用,将有更多的膜蛋白异源表达纯化成功,为蛋白质功能研究奠定基础。     

结核分枝杆菌Rvl009结构域基因的克隆、表达及亲和层析纯化

目的：克隆结核分枝杆菌Rvl009结构域基因,经序列测定正确后进行融合表达和纯化。方法：采用PCR从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组中扩增出Rvl009结构域基因,用限制性内切酶消化后插入pUC-19克隆载体中,经测序正确后亚克隆到融合表达载体pPro-EXHT中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,目的基因经IPTG诱导,由T7启动子调控表达了N端带6个连续组氨酸残基的Rvl009结构域多肽,在变性条件下对目的蛋白进行纯化。结果：获得了结核分枝杆菌Rvl009结构域基因,得到融合6个组氨酸残基的Rvl009结构域多肽,纯化获得的蛋白纯度大于87％。结论：构建了结核分枝杆菌Rvl009结构域基因的重组表达载体,并获得了高纯度的融合表达蛋白,为后续深入研究奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌Rv1009结构域基因的克隆、表达及亲和层析纯化

目的:克隆结核分枝杆菌Rv1009结构域基因,经序列测定正确后进行融合表达和纯化。方法:采用PCR从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组中扩增出Rv1009结构域基因,用限制性内切酶消化后插入pUC-19克隆载体中,经测序正确后亚克隆到融合表达载体pPro-EXHT中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,目的基因经IPTG诱导,由T7启动子调控表达了N端带6个连续组氨酸残基的Rv1009结构域多肽,在变性条件下对目的蛋白进行纯化。结果:获得了结核分枝杆菌Rv1009结构域基因,得到融合6个组氨酸残基的Rv1009结构域多肽,纯化获得的蛋白纯度大于87%。结论:构建了结核分枝杆菌Rv1009结构域基因的重组表达载体,并获得了高纯度的融合表达蛋白,为后续深入研究奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌esat6-rpfD融合基因的原核表达及产物纯化

目的：构建结核分枝杆菌融合基因esat6-rpfD的原核表达载体,表达和纯化ESAT6-RpfD融合蛋白。方法：从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组中经PCR分别扩增esat6和慢周基因,克隆入pMD19-T载体,测序后克隆入原核表达载体pProExHTB,酶切重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,亲和层析纯化融合蛋白。结果：PCR扩增的esat6、rpfD基因序列与GenBank报道一致;诱导表达后,经SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,在相对分子质量约30000处有目的条带,融合蛋白以包涵体形式表达。结论：构建了esat6-rpfD融合基因原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化得到ESAT6-RpfD融合蛋白。     

结核分枝杆菌融合抗原Rv3914-6His的原核表达、纯化与抗原性检测

血清学诊断是目前临床诊断中应用最为广泛的方法之一,用原核表达并鉴定了系列结核分枝杆菌抗原融合蛋白Rv1908c-6His、Rv0733-6His、Rv0899-6His、Rv1411c-6His和Rv3914-6His,并以此包被酶标板,以Rv2031c-6His为阳性对照,采用间接ELISA方法比较了34例活动性结核病患者与35例健康体检者血清中抗结核分枝杆菌抗原的IgG水平。结果显示,活动性结核病患者中针对Rv1411c-6His、Rv3914-6His和Rv2031c-6His的IgG水平明显高于健康体检者,其中Rv3914-6His的AUC值(0.786 7)略高于目前临床应用的类似于16 ku的抗原Rv2031c-6His(AUCRv2031c=0.754),提示Rv3914抗原可能是结核病血清诊断的新的候选标志物。     

结核分枝杆菌肝素结合血凝素蛋白的表达、纯化及免疫学特性的初步研究

目的:克隆肝素结合血凝素(HBHA)基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化,利用获得的蛋白进行免疫学特性的初步研究。方法:用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出HBHA基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pQE80L并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAG及Western-blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白。获得的蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,测定血清抗体水平及IgG2a/IgG1比例。结果:克隆了HBHA基因,并成功表达该蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析表明表达产物正确。通过亲和层析法得到28kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符,诱导小鼠可使CD4+和CD8+细胞数明显增加。结论:成功获得了纯化的HBHA蛋白,明确了HBHA蛋白的免疫学特性,为进一步研究HBHA蛋白的致病机理及新型疫苗的开发提供了实验依据。     

结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT-6的表达、纯化和鉴定

目的：克隆结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT-6基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化。方法：用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出ESAT-6基因片段,克隆至pMD18一T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T－1并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,表达蛋白经SDS—PAGE及Westem—blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白。结果：成功克隆了ESAT-6基因,并对其在E．coli中进行了表达,SDS—PAGE及Western—blot分析表明表达产物正确。通过GST纯化系统获得34kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符。结论：成功获得了纯化的ESAT-6蛋白,为进一步研究ESAT－6蛋白的致病机理提供了实验依据。     

结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT-6的表达、纯化和鉴定

目的:克隆结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT-6基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化。方法:用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出ESAT-6基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-1并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白。结果:成功克隆了ESAT-6基因,并对其在E.coli中进行了表达,SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析表明表达产物正确。通过GST纯化系统获得34kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符。结论:成功获得了纯化的ESAT-6蛋白,为进一步研究ESAT-6蛋白的致病机理提供了实验依据。     

结核分枝杆菌肝素结合血凝素蛋白的表达、纯化及免疫学特性的初步研究

目的:克隆肝素结合血凝素(HBHA)基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化,利用获得的蛋白进行免疫学特性的初步研究.方法:用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出HBHA基因片段,克隆至pMDI8-T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pQE80L并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAG及Western-blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白.获得的蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,测定血清抗体水平及IgG2a/IgG1比例.结果:克隆了HBHA基因,并成功表达该蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析表明表达产物正确.通过亲和层析法得到28kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符,诱导小鼠可使CD4+和CD8+细胞数明显增加.结论:成功获得了纯化的HBHA蛋白,明确了HBHA蛋白的免疫学特性,为进一步研究HBHA蛋白的致病机理及新型疫苗的开发提供了实验依据.     

Introduction of 65 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to cancer cells enhances anti-tumor effect of BCG therapy

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy has anti-tumorigenic effects against bladder cancer. To improve the efficacy of BCG therapy, we introduced the gene encoding the 65 kDa heat shock protein (hsp) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into a mouse malignant melanoma cell line (B16). An expression vector harboring the 65 kDa antigen gene was transfected into B16 using Lipofectamine, then expression of the antigen was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Several cell lines expressing 65 kDa antigen were established (B16/65 kDa). We also established a control cell line transfected with the vector alone (B16/con). All cell lines (B16, B16/con, B16/65 kDa) were injected intraperitoneally into syngeneic mice with or without BCG prior immunization and the development of tumor ascites was examined. To analyze the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect, CD4 T cells or CD8 T cells were depleted in vivo by administering the corresponding monoclonal antibody. B16/65k Da expressed the 65 kDa hsp of M. tuberculosis. The tumor growth of B16/65 kDa was slightly retarded in naive mice, but significantly inhibited by BCG. The anti-tumor effect was totally abrogated in mice deficient in CD4 T cells, suggesting that CD4 T cells are involved in this process. The 65 kDa hsp of M. tuberculosis was expressed after gene transduction in a malignant melanoma cell line and significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect of BCG immunotherapy. CD4 T cells play an important role in this anti-tumor effect.     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒75kDa通读蛋白基因构建与表达

利用DNA重组技术,将甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)内蒙分离物的CP基因和54kDa通读区片段拼接。构建了BNYVV 75kDa通读蛋白基因。序列分析表明,构建的75kDa通读蛋白基因与野生型相比．只有4个核苷酸发生了改变(包括将CP基因的终止密码子TAG改造为ATG),相应地2个氨基酸也发生了改变。将75kDa通读蛋白基因及其54kDa片段分别克隆到pJw2上,构建了这两十基因的原核表达载体。SDS—PAGE和western blotting检测结果表明,75kDa通读蛋白基因在E coli BL21(DE3)中经温度(42℃)诱导后除可特异地表达75kDa蛋白外。还产生两种小蛋白。75kDa通读蛋白基因的54kDa片段只表达出37kDa的蛋白。     

Differential Expression of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Recognized by a Mouse Monoclonal Antibody

Murine monoclonal antibodies were produced against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using standard hybridoma procedures. By a whole cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), one monoclonal antibody (mAb), HB28, demonstrated high level specific reactivity to Mtb. Western blot analysis demonstrated reactivity to a single 65 kDa Mtb protein in the cell wall extract and culture filtrate. HB28 mAb appears to be recognizing a 65 kDa Mtb protein that is over-expressed by Mtb but not other species under certain culture conditions. Differential expression and detection of this protein by HB28 mAb may have potential for diagnostic applications.     

Proton gradient-driven import of the 16 kDa oxygen-evolving complex protein as the full precursor protein by isolated thylakoids

The biogenesis of the lumenal 16 kDa protein of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex was analysed using an assay for the import of proteins by isolated thylakoids. The precursor protein is imported with high efficiency in the light in both the presence and absence of stromal extract. Import is almost completely blocked in the dark or if the uncoupler nigericin is present in the light. The data indicate that transport across the thylakoid membrane is driven by a proton motive force in which the proton gradient is the dominant component, and that the full precursor protein can be transported across the thylakoid membrane without prior cleavage by the stromal processing peptidase.     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒75kDa通读蛋白基因54kDa片段的克隆及其序列分析

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)内蒙分离物的总RNA为模板,通过反转录和PcR扩增获得75kDa通读蛋白基因54kDa片段的目的片段。将其克隆到pGEM－7Zf(+)上并转化DH5α得到了含有完整s4kDa片段的重组子pGBW52。采用双脱氧终止法进行序列分析。结果表明内蒙分离物的54kDa片段全长为1509nt,与法国的F13分离物相比缺失了3个核苷酸。其核苷酸序列和由此推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为94．97％和96．42％．     

Selective extraction of 22 kDa and 10 kDa polypeptides from Photosystem II without removal of 23 kDa and 17 kDa extrinsic proteins

Selective solubilization of Photosystem II membranes with the non-ionic detergent octyl thioglucopyranoside has allowed the isolation of a PS II system which has been depleted of the 22 and 10 kDa polypeptides but retains all three extrinsic proteins (33, 23 and 17 kDa). The PS II membranes which have been depleted of the 22 and 10 kDa species show high rates of oxygen evolution activity, external calcium is not required for activity and the manganese complex is not destroyed by exogenous reductants. When we compared this system to control PS II membranes, we observed a minor modification of the reducing side, and a conversion of the high-potential to the low-potential form of cytochrome b ₅₅₉.Abbreviations Chl- chlorophyll - DCBQ- 2,5-dichloro-p-benzoquinone - DCMU- 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea - ESR- electron spin resonance - MES- 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid - OTG- octyl--d-thioglucopyranoside - PS II- Photosystem II - PEG- polyethylene glycol, M_r=6000 - Tris- 2-amino-2-hydroxyethylpropane-1,3-diol     

Protein 70 kDa in the control of sleep and thermoregulation

Studies of expression of molecular chaperones of the family of Heat Shock Proteins 70 kDa (HSP70) in the mouse and rat brain during sleep deprivation do not answer the question whether the HSP70 produce somnogenic effect. In the present work there are studied effects of exogenous Hsp70 that is known to be able to penetrate into living cells in vitro and to acquire properties of endogenous chaperone. Hsp70 was microinjected into the third brain ventricle of rats and pigeons at the beginning of the non-active 24-h phase when under natural conditions the sleep duration increases and the somato-visceral parameters decrease. Hsp70 has been established to enhance this natural process and to produce an additional increase of the total time of slow-wave sleep, a more pronounced inhibition of the muscle contractive activity, and a deeper decrease of the brain temperature. A similarity in effects of Hsp70 in rats and pigeons has been revealed. In both species the somnogenic Hsp70 action is realized by activation of mechanisms of maintenance of the longer episodes of the slow-wave sleep. The hypothermic Hsp70 effect seems to be associated with a decrease of the muscle contractive activity level, rather than with an enhancement of peripheral vasodilation and with an increase of heat loss. A hypothesis is put forward that the hyposedative/neuroleptic-like Hsp70 action that includes the somnogenic, myorelaxing, and hypothermic effects is mediated by activation of GABA_A receptors of the main inhibitory brain system.     

结核分枝杆菌FurB蛋白的表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

目的:制备针对结核分枝杆菌FurB蛋白的单克隆抗体(mAb)并分析其特性。方法:利用E.coli DH5α表达含有6×His的融合蛋白FurB;采用小鼠腹股沟皮下包埋硝酸纤维素膜的方法免疫小鼠,然后进行细胞融合、克隆化制备抗FurB mAb,用ELISA法初步鉴定其特异性位点和相对亲和力。结果:获得了高表达的融合蛋白,经SDS-PAGE分析,在相对分子质量15.0×10~3处有特异的目的蛋白条带。用该融合蛋白免疫小鼠后,获得了抗FurB mAb。结论:所获得的抗FurB mAb效价高、特异性强,为进一步研究FurB在结核分枝杆菌铁调控和致病过程中的作用提供了有效工具。     

结核分枝杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片的制备及应用

目的:用重组结核分枝杆菌ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38抗原制备相应的抗体检测蛋白芯片。方法:将制备的结核分枝杆菌抗原ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38及购买的LAM抗原点于醛基化修饰的玻片上,制备成结核抗体检测蛋白芯片;使用该芯片对130例临床结核病患者和50例健康体检者血液样品进行检测,分析其敏感性和特异性,以及5项结核抗体的构成比。结果:结核杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片的敏感性为90.8%(118/130),特异性为90%(45/50),LAM的检出率最高为91.5%。结论:用ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38及LAM抗原制备的结核杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片用于结核病辅助诊断的敏感性和特异性较高,可用于结核分枝杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片试剂盒的开发。     

Purification and characterization of three immunodominant proteins (38, 30, and 16 kDa) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Specific mycobacterial antigens are an important prerequisite in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Many studies have reported the use of both native and recombinant proteins. Even though recombinant proteins can form standardized reagents with unlimited supply, their diagnostic test characteristics were not satisfactory in some cases. In this study we have purified the 38-, 30- (antigen 85B), and 16-kDa native antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by procedures with limited number of steps. Starting with the secreted antigens of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, the 38-kDa form was purified by preparative isoelectric focusing, followed by preparative electrophoresis. Separation of antigen 85 components was achieved by anion-exchange chromatography, followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Gel-permeation chromatography was employed for the isolation of the 16-kDa form, from the cytosol fraction of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. By using a minimal number of steps, considerable yields of these proteins were obtained without loss of immunological activity. The native proteins purified were characterized by analytical two-dimensional electrophoresis, HPLC, and circular dichroism studies. Conformation of the native 38-kDa form purified in our laboratory was different from that of the recombinant 38-kDa form from the WHO Bank. The identities of these native antigens were established by immunoblotting with known monoclonal antibodies from the WHO Bank.