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1.
Chesnokova MV Klimov VT Maramovich AS 《Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii》2006,(6):20-25
Genotypic characteristics based three main factors of pathogenicity (presence of resident plasmids [pYV, pVM], gene of toxin-superantigen ypm and nine genes for high pathogenicity island [HPI]) of 212 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated in Siberia and Far East were studied. It was shown that strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis with one of two variants of plasmids 82:47 MDa and 47 MDa (60.8% and 31.6% respectively) are predominated. Gene ypmA was detected in 96.2% of isolated strains. Eight strains had none of the ymp gene variants. HPI were detected in 96.2% of isolated strains. Obtained characteristics of Y. pseudotuberculosis allowed to determine the dominating genogroup pWYV+, ypmA+, HPI- (95.8% of strains) that cause systemic infection. 相似文献
2.
Ho DK Riva R Kirjavainen V Jarva H Ginström E Blom AM Skurnik M Meri S 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2012,188(9):4450-4459
Ail is a 17-kDa chromosomally encoded outer membrane protein that mediates serum resistance (complement resistance) in the pathogenic Yersiniae (Yersinia pestis, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis). In this article, we demonstrate that Y. pseudotuberculosis Ail from strains PB1, 2812/79, and YPIII/pIB1 (serotypes O:1a, O:1b, and O:3, respectively) can bind the inhibitor of the classical and lectin pathways of complement, C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Binding was observed irrespective of serotype tested and independently of YadA, which is the primary C4BP receptor of Y. enterocolitica. Disruption of the ail gene in Y. pseudotuberculosis resulted in loss of C4BP binding. Cofactor assays revealed that bound C4BP is functional, because bound C4BP in the presence of factor I cleaved C4b. In the absence of YadA, Ail conferred serum resistance to strains PB1 and YPIII, whereas serum resistance was observed in strain 2812/79 in the absence of both YadA and Ail, suggesting additional serum resistance factors. Ail from strain YPIII/pIB1 alone can mediate serum resistance and C4BP binding, because its expression in a serum-sensitive laboratory strain of Escherichia coli conferred both of these phenotypes. Using a panel of C4BP mutants, each deficient in a single complement control protein domain, we observed that complement control protein domains 6-8 are important for binding to Ail. Binding of C4BP was unaffected by increasing heparin or salt concentrations, suggesting primarily nonionic interactions. These results indicate that Y. pseudotuberculosis Ail recruits C4BP in a functional manner, facilitating resistance to attack from complement. 相似文献
3.
Hayashidani H Kanzaki N Kaneko Y Okatani AT Taniguchi T Kaneko K Ogawa M 《Journal of wildlife diseases》2002,38(1):202-205
From December 1994 to February 1995, 131 wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomysta) living in a mountainous area in Japan were examined for yersiniosis and listeriosis. Of 131 wild boars, 76 (58%) were males and 55 (42%) were females. Four Yersinia spp. including Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, and Y. aldovei, were isolated from 49 (37%) of 131 wild boars. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from five (4%) of 131 wild boars. All Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were serotype 4b and harbored virulence plasmids. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated only from boars under 2-yr-old. No human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was isolated. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from two (1%) of the wild boars and both isolates were serotype 4b. These findings indicated that wild boar could be a reservoir of Y. pseudotuberculosis and L. monocytogenes in Japan. 相似文献
4.
S A Bulat N V Mikha?lo A M Koroliuk 《Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii》1991,(12):2-7
Genetic analysis of 19 standard strains belonging to 6 Yersinia species (Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica, Y. kirstensenii, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia) revealed that gene typing by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the use of universal primers permitted the identification of species in bacterial cultures by PCR patterns and the determination of Y. pseudotuberculosis serovars within 4 hours. By this method 23 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains (serovar 1), earlier isolated in different regions of the USSR from humans and rodents, were studied. The study showed that out of 14 strains of human origin only two strains could actually be classified with serovar 1, while the remaining strains were reidentified as belonging to serovar 5. Among 9 strains isolated from rodents those of serovar 1 prevailed (8 strains). The authors suppose that strains of serovar 5 cause outbreaks and sporadic cases of pseudotuberculosis, occurring considerably more often than it is commonly believed in the USSR. 相似文献
5.
Direct isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from meat. 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
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H Fukushima 《Applied microbiology》1985,50(3):710-712
Studies were done to determine the usefulness of dilute alkali (KOH) treatment of meat samples for direct isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, without enrichment. Virulent Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis in pork contaminated with 10(2), 10(3), and 10(4) cells per g survived the direct KOH treatment and were never recovered by using KOH postenrichment treatment. From 6 (4.8%) of 125 samples of retail ground pork, four biotype 4 serotype O3 and one biotype 3B serotype O3 strains of Y. enterocolitica and one Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype 4b strain were recovered by using direct KOH treatment without enrichment. As these isolations were attained without using enrichment cultural procedures, they represent an important time-saving alternative to simplify and speed isolation of Yersinia spp. from meat. 相似文献
6.
H Fukushima 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1985,50(3):710-712
Studies were done to determine the usefulness of dilute alkali (KOH) treatment of meat samples for direct isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, without enrichment. Virulent Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis in pork contaminated with 10(2), 10(3), and 10(4) cells per g survived the direct KOH treatment and were never recovered by using KOH postenrichment treatment. From 6 (4.8%) of 125 samples of retail ground pork, four biotype 4 serotype O3 and one biotype 3B serotype O3 strains of Y. enterocolitica and one Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype 4b strain were recovered by using direct KOH treatment without enrichment. As these isolations were attained without using enrichment cultural procedures, they represent an important time-saving alternative to simplify and speed isolation of Yersinia spp. from meat. 相似文献
7.
One of the most virulent and feared bacterial pathogens is Yersinia pestis, the aetiologic agent of bubonic plague. Characterization of the O-antigen gene clusters of 21 serotypes of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the cryptic O-antigen gene cluster of Y. pestis showed that the plague bacillus is most closely related to and has evolved from Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1b. The nucleotide sequences of both gene clusters (about 20.5 kb each) were determined and compared to identify the differences that caused the silencing of the Y. pestis gene cluster. At the nucleotide sequence level, the loci were 98.9% identical and, of the 17 biosynthetic genes identified from the O:1b gene cluster, five were inactivated in the Y. pestis cluster, four by insertions or deletions of one nucleotide and one by a deletion of 62 nucleotides. Apparently, the expression of the O-antigen is not beneficial for the virulence or to the lifestyle of Y. pestis and, therefore, as one step in the evolution of Y. pestis, the O-antigen gene cluster was inactivated. 相似文献
8.
Kondakova AN Bystrova OV Shaikhutdinova RZ Ivanov SA Dentovskaya SV Shashkov AS Knirel YA Anisimov AP 《Carbohydrate research》2008,343(14):2486-2488
Structures of the O-antigens of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O2c and O3 were reinvestigated by NMR spectroscopy, including 2D (1)H,(1)H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, (1)H,(13)C HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The following revised structure of the O2c tetrasaccharide repeating unit was established, which differs from the structure proposed earlier in the glycosylation pattern of the mannose residue at the branching point: where Abe stands for 3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose. The structure of the Y. pseudotuberculosis O3 antigen reported earlier was confirmed. 相似文献
9.
Rabbit IgG raised against whole cells of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3, O:9 and against a group of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains (serotypes O:3, O:5,27, O:8. and O:9) were prepared. The antibody limiting titers were within the range of 1:9.5 x 10(4)-1:7.5 x 10(5). The immunoblotting analysis of Yersinia lipopolysacchides separated by SDS-PAGE showed that IgG against the single serotype O:3 interacted with high-molar-mass LPS of O:3 whereas other antibodies were bound to low-molar-mass LPS of serotypes O:3, O:5,27, O:9 and strain Y. enterocolitica (CNCTC Y 2/68). IgG against the group of pathogenic serotypes also weakly interacted with low-molar-mass LPS of serotypes O:5, O:6,30, and O:10. The cross-reactivity of the antibodies with Y. pseudotuberculosis Ia and/or Y. rohdei b, d, e, f, i, which was observed by means of dot-blotting procedure using the whole bacterial cells as an antigen, was shown not to be caused by LPS of these bacteria. The prepared antibodies were used in the development of indirect competitive ELISA. At the optimum concentration of the immunoreactants the detection limits were within the range of 3-7 x 10(6) colony-forming units per mL. 相似文献
10.
We check by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of gene ureC and myfA, encoding subunits of urease and Myf fimbriae, among clinical and food-originated strains of Yersinia to determine their usefulness as molecular virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica. The examinations were done on 130 clinical strains of Y. enterocolitica O:3/4 isolated in Poland from humans. All strains were obtained from stool and possessed the virulence plasmid pYV. In addition 40 isogenic, plasmid-cured strains were tested. The 52 strains including Y. enterocolitica (biotype 1A, 4, 2 and 1B), Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. intermedia, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, E. coli, Citrobatcer, Shigella and Salmonella were used as controls. The PCR assay resulted in detection of genes: ureC and myfA in genomic DNA of all 130 tested clinical strains of Y. enterocolitica pYV+, as well as in plasmid cured strains. Furthermore, ureC was found in all tested strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype A1 and in one strain of Y. intermedia and Y. kristensenii. In contrast to ureC, myfA was detected only in strains of Y. enterocolitica considered as pathogenic. Obtained results show, gene myfA seems to be the reliable virulence marker of Y. enterocolitica, whereas ureC is not recommended for identification of pathogenic strains of this species. 相似文献
11.
Among the 21 O-polysaccharide (OPS) O-antigen-based serotypes described for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, those of O:6 and O:7 are unusual in that both contain colitose (4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-d-mannose or 4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-l-xylo-hexose), which has not otherwise been reported for this species, and the O:6 OPS also contains yersiniose A (4-C[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose), another unusual dideoxyhexose sugar. In Y. pseudotuberculosis, the genes for OPS synthesis generally cluster together between the hemH and gsk loci. Here, we present the sequences of the OPS gene clusters of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:6 and O:7, and the location of the genes required for synthesis of these OPSs, except that there is still ambiguity regarding allocation of some of the glycosyltransferase functions. The O:6 and O:7 gene clusters have much in common with each other, but differ substantially from the group of 13 gene clusters already sequenced, which share several features and sequence similarities. We also present a possible sequence of events for the derivation of the O:6 and O:7 gene clusters from the most closely related set of 13 sequenced previously. 相似文献
12.
Kenyon JJ De Castro C Cunneen MM Reeves PR Molinaro A Holst O Skurnik M 《Glycobiology》2011,21(9):1131-1139
The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) is a variable constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria. The polymorphic nature of OPSs within a species is usually first defined serologically, and the current serotyping scheme for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis consists of 21 O serotypes of which 15 have been characterized genetically and structurally. Here, we present the structure and DNA sequence of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:10 OPS. The O unit consists of one residue each of d-galactopyranose, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-galactopyranose) and d-glucopyranose in the backbone, with two colitose (3,6-dideoxy-l-xylo-hexopyranose) side-branch residues. This structure is very similar to that shared by Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35. The gene cluster sequences of these serotypes, however, have only low levels of similarity to that of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:10, although there is significant conservation of gene order. Within Y. pseudotuberculosis, the O10 structure is most closely related to the O:6 and O:7 structures. 相似文献
13.
Genetic diversity and relationships of populations of northern Eurasia by polymorphic Alu insertions
Autosomal gene pools of 27 populations representing 12 ethnic groups of Siberia, Central Asia, and the Far East have been characterized for the first time using a set of eight polymorphic Alu insertions. The results of our analysis indicate a significant level of genetic diversity in populations of northern Eurasian and the considerable differentiation of their gene pool. It was shown that the frequency of the Alu (?) allele at the CD4 locus was inversely related to the magnitude of the Mongoloid component of the gene pool: the lowest and highest frequencies of the CD4 Alu deletion were recorded in Eskimos (0.012) and in Russians and Ukrainians (0.35), respectively. A gene flow analysis showed that Caucasoid populations (Russians, Tajiks, and Uzbeks), as well as Turkic ethnic groups of southern Siberia (Altaians and Tuvans), Khanty, and Mansi populations, in contrast to ethnic groups of eastern Siberia and the Far East, have been recipients of a considerable gene flow. A correlation analysis showed that genetic distances determined using polymorphic Alu insertions were correlated with the anthropological characteristics of the populations studied. 相似文献
14.
At the period of 1982 - 2003, morbidity rate in pseudotuberculosis and the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis culture rates in groups of servicemen (from different abiotic objects, from humans and small rodents) in different geographic zones were studied. The cases of the isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis were most frequently registered in groups of servicemen in the Far East and the Kola Peninsula. In these regions the highest morbidity rate in pseudotuberculosis was registered among servicemen. The contamination rate of vegetables during the year was always greater than in other objects under study, including small rodents. The study demonstrated that in the Armed Forces could appear, temporary and relatively constant anthropurgic foci of pseudotuberculosis even in non endemic regions. They were formed in the objects of the food supply service due to the supply of contaminated vegetables. Synanthropic rodents played a secondary role, though they too facilitated the formation of new anthropurgic foci. Under definite conditions anthropurgic foci could exist autonomously, independently of natural foci. 相似文献
15.
N. S. Yudin V. Vinogradov Sergey Tatyana A. Potapova Tatyana M. Naykova Violetta V. Sitnikova Igor V. Kulikov Viacheslav I. Khasnulin Cheche Konchuk Pavel E. Vloschinskii Sergey V. Ivanov Viktor F. Kobzev Aida G. Romaschenko Mikhail I. Voevoda 《Human genetics》1998,102(6):695-698
32-bp inactivating deletion in the β-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene, common in Nothern European populations, is associated
with reduced HIV-1 transmission risk and delayed disease progression. We have studied the deletion distribution in many populations
in Eurasia by polymerase chain reaction analysis of 531 DNA samples representing West and East Siberian, Central Asian, and
Far Eastern parts of Russia. An unusually high frequency (11.1%) of the deleted variant in natives of West Siberia, of Finno-Ugrian
descent, was observed. Furthermore, the deletion was infrequent in indigenous populations of Central Asia, East Siberia, the
Russian Far East, and Canada. We conclude that the Δccr5 distribution is limited primarily to Europeans and related western
Siberian Finno-Ugrian populations, with a sharp negative gradient toward the east along the territory of Russian Asia.
Received: 22 December 1997 / Accepted: 24 March 1998 相似文献
16.
Abstract Yersinia enterocolitica of serotypes O:3, O:8, O:9 and O:5,27 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis of serotypes I and III release plasmid-encoded proteins into calcium-deficient medium. Mouse monoclonal antibodies were elicited against plasmid-encoded released proteins of Y. enterocolitica of serotype O:9. As shown by immunoblot analysis the monoclonal antibody Mab9–200 recognized the 46-kDa protein of Y. enterocolitica of serotypes O:3, O:9 and O:5,27, the 58-kDa protein of Y. enterocolitica of serotype O:8 and the 67-kDa protein of Y. pseudotuberculosis of serotypes I and III. Mab9–15 reacted with the 36-kDa protein of Y. enterocolitica of serotypes O:9, O:3 and O:8, and the 34-kd protein of Y. enterocolitica of serotype O:5,27 and Y. pseudotuberculosis of serotypes I and III. The 25-kDa proteins of Y. enterocolitica of serotypes O:3, O:9, O:8 and O:5,27, but not those of Y. pseudotuberculosis were recognized by the monoclonal antibody Mab-128. This species-specific recognition of epitopes could not be achieved by mouse polyclonal antibodies. 相似文献
17.
Stenkova AM Isaeva MP Rasskazov VA 《Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia》2008,(3):18-23
To identify the Yersinia genus and pathogenic species (Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica) in a single reaction a multiplex PCR technique was developed. It was optimized by five compounds of PCR buffer and temperature of primers annealing. The multiplex PCR provides an improved and rapid method for detection of the Yersinia genus and identification of pathogenic species. 相似文献
18.
Intestinal carriage of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis by wild birds and mammals in Japan. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
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Fecal specimens were obtained from wild birds and mammals in the eastern part of Shimane Prefecture, Japan, an area where serotype 1b, 2b, 3, and 4b strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were found to be prevalent in humans. Each of 869 animals, including 259 wild birds and 610 wild mammals, was screened for yersiniae. A total of 37 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from 34 (5.6%) mammals, including 23 raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), eight deer (Cervus nippon), two hares (Lepus brachyurus), and one marten (Martes melampus), and from two (0.8%) birds, including one eastern spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha) and one wigeon (Anas penelope). The Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates collected belonged to virulence plasmid-positive (serotypes 1b, 2b, 3, 4b, and 6) and virulence plasmid-negative (serotype 5a) strains, the most predominant serotype being 4b. The close relationship between the regional distributions of Y. pseudotuberculosis in wild animals and humans suggests that wild animals are an important source of infection. 相似文献
19.
Fecal specimens were obtained from wild birds and mammals in the eastern part of Shimane Prefecture, Japan, an area where serotype 1b, 2b, 3, and 4b strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were found to be prevalent in humans. Each of 869 animals, including 259 wild birds and 610 wild mammals, was screened for yersiniae. A total of 37 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from 34 (5.6%) mammals, including 23 raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), eight deer (Cervus nippon), two hares (Lepus brachyurus), and one marten (Martes melampus), and from two (0.8%) birds, including one eastern spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha) and one wigeon (Anas penelope). The Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates collected belonged to virulence plasmid-positive (serotypes 1b, 2b, 3, 4b, and 6) and virulence plasmid-negative (serotype 5a) strains, the most predominant serotype being 4b. The close relationship between the regional distributions of Y. pseudotuberculosis in wild animals and humans suggests that wild animals are an important source of infection. 相似文献
20.
Ch'ng SL Octavia S Xia Q Duong A Tanaka MM Fukushima H Lan R 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2011,77(3):768-775
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric human pathogen but is widespread in the environment. Pathogenicity is determined by a number of virulence factors, including the virulence plasmid pYV, the high-pathogenicity island (HPI), and the Y. pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (YPM), a superantigen. The presence of the 3 virulence factors varies among Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates. We developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to address the population structure of Y. pseudotuberculosis and the evolution of its pathogenicity. The seven housekeeping genes selected for MLST were mdh, recA, sucA, fumC, aroC, pgi, and gyrB. An MLST analysis of 83 isolates of Y. pseudotuberculosis, representing 19 different serotypes and six different genetic groups, identified 61 sequence types (STs) and 12 clonal complexes. Out of 26 allelic changes that occurred in the 12 clonal complexes, 13 were mutational events while 13 were recombinational events, indicating that recombination and mutation contributed equally to the diversification of the clonal complexes. The isolates were separated into 2 distinctive clusters, A and B. Cluster A is the major cluster, with 53 STs (including Y. pestis strains), and is distributed worldwide, while cluster B is restricted to the Far East. The YPM gene is widely distributed on the phylogenetic tree, with ypmA in cluster A and ypmB in cluster B. pYV is present in cluster A only but is sporadically absent in some cluster A isolates. In contrast, an HPI is present only in a limited number of lineages and must be gained by lateral transfer. Three STs carry all 3 virulence factors and can be regarded as high-pathogenicity clones. Isolates from the same ST may not carry all 3 virulence factors, indicating frequent gain or loss of these factors. The differences in pathogenicity among Y. pseudotuberculosis strains are likely due to the variable presence and instability of the virulence factors. 相似文献