解淀粉芽胞杆菌分离鉴定及培养优化的研究进展

解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)是芽胞杆菌属的一个种,广泛存在于自然界,具有丰富的生境多样性,其芽胞具有抗逆性,可抵抗不良环境,同时能产生多种抗菌物质,如脂肽、抗菌蛋白和多种酶类,能抗植物病原真菌和有害细菌,该菌能形成生物膜,定植于植物根系,促进植物生长,因此对该菌进行分离鉴定以及培养优化具有重要意义。截至目前,已经从各种生境中分离、鉴定了多种有应用价值的解淀粉芽胞杆菌,通过不同策略对该菌的培养基和培养条件进行优化,使该菌相关功能得以提高。本文综述了近年来对解淀粉芽胞杆菌的生境多样性、分离鉴定及培养基和培养条件优化的策略,简要归纳了国内外关于解淀粉芽胞杆菌重要的工业和商业产品,为更好地研究和应用解淀粉芽胞杆菌提供必要的参考和借鉴。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌胞外抑菌活性物质研究现状

解淀粉芽胞杆菌是芽胞杆菌属的一个种,在生长过程中可以向胞外分泌多种抑菌活性物质。按照胞外抑菌活性物质合成方式的不同分为两大类,一类是通过核糖体途径合成的核糖体类细菌素、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶等抑菌物质;另一类是通过非核糖体途径合成的细菌素、表面活性素、芬荠素、伊枯草菌素等脂肽类物质。这些代谢产物种类丰富、广谱抑菌、抗逆性强,可应用于农业、食品工业和环境保护等。本文对解淀粉芽胞杆菌抑菌活性物质的研究及应用现状进行综述,为深入研究和全面开发解淀粉芽胞杆菌抑菌活性物质提供充足的理论依据。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌HR-2的分离鉴定及对水稻稻瘟病菌的拮抗效果

稻瘟病是一种严重威胁全球粮食安全的水稻真菌病害.本研究采用平板对峙法从湖南岳阳地区筛选出1株对水稻稻瘟病菌具有高效拮抗活性的菌株HR-2.通过形态特征验证、16S rRNA、gyrA和tuf基因序列比对分析,鉴定该菌株为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).抑菌广谱性测定结果表明菌株H...     

生防解淀粉芽胞杆菌的研究进展

解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)因能抑制植物病害和促进植物生长而被广泛研究。随着测序技术的不断发展,解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株的全基因组序列陆续被测定,综述了其拮抗作用相关的功能基因、生防机制及植物-病原物-生防菌的相互作用,并对后续研究趋势进行了展望,为解淀粉芽胞杆菌的深入研究及其更好的应用提供理论参考     

一株抗水稻纹枯病菌的解淀粉芽胞杆菌分离与鉴定

【目的】筛选对水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)具有强拮抗作用的细菌菌株。【方法】用指示菌法筛选拮抗菌株;通过形态观察、生理生化实验、Biolog及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定目标菌株;利用平板双向培养法和滤纸片扩散法测定抑菌谱及拮抗性质。【结果】分离到一株高活力的水稻纹枯病菌拮抗菌株YB-3,该菌株属于解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);菌株YB-3对常见的14株病原真菌和7株细菌具有较强的拮抗作用,并发现其对亲缘关系较近的芽孢菌属有较强的拮抗作用;该菌株的抑制活性具有温度稳定、耐酸、但对蛋白酶敏感的特点。【结论】通过指示菌法筛选到一株对水稻纹枯病菌有强拮抗作用的解淀粉芽胞杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)YB-3,它具有广谱、高效的植物病原菌拮抗活性。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌SSY1菌株的稳定性研究

目的测定产纤维素酶解淀粉芽胞杆菌SSY1株的稳定性。方法在适宜生长条件下连续传代30代。分别取第2、10、15、20、25和30代细菌,对其进行染色镜检、生化试验、药敏试验、产纤维素酶特性及动物安全性试验观察。结果传至第30代,细菌的形态、生化特性、产纤维素酶特性及药敏特性均未发生明显变化。结论产纤维素酶解淀粉芽胞杆菌SSY1株稳定性良好,有望成为中药发酵菌种。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌TF28产抗菌脂肽培养基优化

采用响应面方法对解淀粉芽胞杆菌TF28产抗菌脂肽培养基进行优化,以提高其产量。利用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响抗菌脂肽产量的3个主要因素:葡萄糖、硫酸镁和磷酸氢二钠。通过最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应值区域,利用响应面分析方法确定显著组份的最佳水平。结果表明,优化后的培养基组份为葡萄糖42.37 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,牛肉膏2 g/L,硫酸铵2 g/L,硫酸镁2.11 g/L,氯化钙0.1 g/L,硫酸锰0.1 g/L,磷酸二氢钾1.5 g/L,磷酸氢二钠3 g/L,经3次平行试验验证,抗菌脂肽产量为1.75 g/L,比优化前提高了5.25倍。该研究优化了解淀粉芽胞杆菌TF28提高抗菌脂肽产量的培养基,为抗菌脂肽的生产奠定基础。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌产酶多样性及应用研究进展

解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)能产生多种有研究价值的酶类,其酶具有明显的多样性,在众多领域,如轻工业、农业、种植业、养殖业、食品加工业、果蔬的采后保鲜、饲料业等行业具有重要价值。对解淀粉芽胞杆菌产生的不同类型的蛋白酶、降解多糖的重要酶类、脂类代谢相关的酶类以及其他几种重要的酶类进行了归类,并对其在各领域的应用及前景进行综述。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌抗真菌活性研究进展

解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)具有很强的抑制植物病原真菌的能力。其菌体细胞能产生多种酶类、脂肽类抗生素、生物表面活性素、聚酮类化合物和抑菌蛋白,同时具有诱导植物产生系统抗性(ISR)的能力,因此在工农业、种植业、养殖业、食品加工业、果蔬的采后保鲜和饲料业等行业具有重要价值。本文对解淀粉芽胞杆菌抗真菌作用、抗真菌能力提高策略、抗菌化合物合成调节、抑制真菌机制及其引发的ISR等问题进行了深入探讨和综述。     

1株产细菌纤维素芽胞杆菌的分离及鉴定

从残次水果中分离出1株菌株ZF-7,其产物经纤维素特异性染色反应、红外光谱分析及纤维素酶水解实验后,被确定为细菌纤维素。在对ZF-7菌株常规形态学及生理生化特性鉴定的基础上,对部分长度的16S rDNA同源性进行了分析,发现ZF-7菌株与解淀粉芽胞杆菌相似度可达99.5%,现命名为Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZF-7。对ZF-7菌株在振荡培养和静置培养条件下的发酵性能进行了初步考察,得到细菌纤维素产率分别为6.6和6.2 g/L。     

Unrelatedness of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis

Eight strains of highly amylolytic, sporeforming bacilli (hereafter referred to as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) were compared with respect to their taxonomic relationship to B. subtilis. The physiological-biochemical properties of these two groups of organisms showed that B. amyloliquefaciens differed from B. subtilis by their ability to grow in 10% NaCl, characteristic growth on potato plugs, increased production of alpha-amylase, and their ability to ferment lactose with the production of acid. The base compositions of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the B. subtilis strains consistently fell in the range of 41.5 to 43.5% guanine + cytosine (G + C), whereas that of the B. amyloliquefaciens strains was in the 43.5 to 44.9% G + C range. Hybrid formation between B. subtilis W23 and B. amyloliquefaciens F DNA revealed only a 14.7 to 15.4% DNA homology between the two species. Transducing phage, SP-10, was able to propagate on B. subtilis W23 and B. amyloliquefaciens N, and would transduce B. subtilis 168 (indole(-)) and B. amyloliquefaciens N-10 (arginine(-)) to prototrophy with a frequency of 3.9 x 10(-4) and 2.4 x 10(-5) transductants per plaque-forming unit, respectively. Attempts to transduce between the two species were unsuccessful. These data show that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a valid species and should not be classified as a strain or variety of B. subtilis.     

Functional analysis of antibacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens phage endolysin against Gram-negative bacteria.

To analyze the antibacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens phage endolysin, nine deletion derivatives of the endolysin were constructed. Each deletion mutant was overexpressed, purified and characterized. The catalytic domain was located on the N-terminal region and the C-terminus had an affinity with the bacterial envelope. The enzymatic activity remained in spite of the deletion of the C-terminal 116-amino acid region; however, the antibacterial activity was lost. These results indicate that antibacterial action requires both the C-terminal cell-binding and the N-terminal enzymatic activities.     

Transformation in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

The methodology and some of the requirements for the deoxyribonucleic acid-mediated transformation of an arginine auxotroph of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to prototrophy are described.     

Exonuclease III from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cells were found to contain an exonuclease which catalyzes the sequential hydrolysis of mononucleotides from the 3'-termini of duplex DNA. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity and its molecular weight (as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate) is 29,000. The exonuclease possesses an additional catalytic activity, i.e., 3'-5' exonuclease specific for the RNA strand in an RNA--DNA hybrid duplex (RNase H activity). In terms of physical and catalytic properties the exonuclease of B. amyloliquefaciens is similar to exonucleases III from E. coli and Haemophilus influenzae and can thus be related to the same class of hydrolases, i.e., 3.1.11.2. However, in comparison with exo III from E. coli, the enzyme from B. amyloliquefaciens exhibits a more strict specificity for the structure of the substrate 3'-end.     

Genetic manipulation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

Application of modern gene technology to strain improvement of the industrially important bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is reported. Several different plasmid constructions carrying the alpha-amylase gene (amyE) from B. amyloliquefaciens were amplified in this species either extrachromosomally or intrachromosomally. The amyE gene cloned on a pUB110-derived high copy plasmid pKTH10 directed the highest yields both in rich laboratory medium and in crude industrial medium. The alpha-amylase activity, when compared with the parental strain, was enhanced up to 20-fold in the pKTH 10 transformant. This strain showed decreased activities for other exoenzymes, such as proteases and beta-glucanase suggesting common limiting resources in the processing of these enzymes. Deletions were made in vitro in genes encoding neutral (nprE), alkaline (aprE) protease and beta-glucanase (bglA). The engineered genes were cloned into the thermosensitive plasmid pE194, and the resulting plasmids were used to replace the corresponding wild type chromosomal genes in B. amyloliquefaciens by integration-excision at non-permissive temperature. The double mutant deficient in the major proteases (delta nprE delta aprE) showed about a 2-fold further enhancement in alpha-amylase production in the industrial medium compared with the relevant wild type backgroud, both when plasmid-free and when transformed with pKTH10; this strain also produced elevated levels of the chromosomally-encoded beta-glucanase; pKTH10 was stably maintained both in the wild type strain and in the delta nprE delta aprE mutant. We suggest that the higher yields in alpha-amylase and beta-glucanase in the delta nprE delta aprE strain are primarily due to improved access to limiting resources, and that decreased proteolytic degradation may have had a secondary role in retaining the high activity obtained.