靖西县2007—2011年流行性腮腺炎流行病学分析

目的为了解靖西县流行性腮腺炎的疫情动态,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法对靖西县2007—2011年流行性腮腺炎发病情况进行分析。结果 2007—2011年共报告流行性腮腺炎721例,占法定传染病报告数4.03%,占丙类传染病报告数17.82%,报告年均发病率为23.39/10万。2007—2011年发病率呈上升趋势,其中2011年发病率最高达49.32/10万。全年均有发病,以5—7月为发病高峰,占37.86%,5、6、7月发病数分别占13.73%、11.65%、12.48%。全县19个乡镇都有腮腺炎病例发生,以新靖镇发病率居首位达254.52/10万,其次化峒镇的发病率为183.65/10万。发病主要分布0～15岁年龄组,发病人数占89.65%,以4～8岁年龄组发病人数最多,占45.91%。结论靖西县流行性腮腺炎发病率较高,近年发病呈上升趋势,应采取以腮腺炎疫苗接种为重点的综合性预防控制措施,降低学生和托幼机构儿童的发病率。     

河南省2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

了解河南省2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征及规律,为制定流行性腮腺炎的预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法对河南省2009年1月1日至2013年12月31日通过"传染病报告信息管理系统"网络直报系统获得的流行性腮腺炎个案资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2009—2013年河南省累计报告流行性腮腺炎病例91 822例,年均发病率为19.50/10万,男女发病比为1.95∶1(男性60 699例,女性31 123例),14岁以下年龄组发病率较高,年均发病率为88.99/10万,学生是主要的发病人群;流行性腮腺炎冬春季节多发,疾病流行呈现双峰分布;每年均有暴发疫情报告,多为学校内暴发。结论 2013年河南省年流行性腮腺炎发病率呈现下降趋势。暴发疫情起数和病例数波动较大,学校及托幼机构是流行性腮腺炎暴发流行的主要场所,应加强冬春季节学校及托幼机构流行性腮腺炎疫情的预防与控制,做好腮腺炎疫苗接种工作。     

剑阁县2001～2010 年法定传染病流行特征及防治对策分析

目的:通过分析10年法定传染病疲情的流行趋势和三间分布特征,为制定传染病预防控制策略和措施提供依据.方法:采用描述性流行病学方法分析疫情趋势和三间分布情况,数据资料用SPSS10.0和Excel 2003进行统计分析.结果:2001～2010年共报告乙、丙类传染病25种26 129例,年均发病率386.89/10万,年均死亡率0.15/10万,10年间报告法定传染病以血源及性传播传染病和呼吸道传染病为主,居第1位的是血源及性传播传染病,共报告5种12 453例,占53.03％;其次是呼吸道传染病,共报告5种9828例,占41.85％,近3年发病居于各类传染病首位;第三位的是肠道传染病,共报5种1149例,占4.89％.发病居前5位的传染为乙肝、肺结核、流行性腮腺炎、痢疾、麻疹,主要传染病以乙肝、肺结核为主,近年性传播疾病呈快速增长趋势.结论:血源及性传播传染病和呼吸道传染病是今后重点防控传染病.     

剑阁县2001-2010年法定传染病流行特征及防治对策分析

目的：通过分析10年法定传染病疫情的流行趋势和三间分布特征,为制定传染病预防控制策略和措施提供依据。方法：采用描述性流行病学方法分析疫情趋势和三间分布情况,数据资料用SPSS10．0和Excel2003进行统计分析。结果：2001～2010年共报告乙、丙类传染病25种26129例,年均发病率386．89／10万,年均死亡率0．15／10万,10年间报告法定传染病以血源及性传播传染病和呼吸道传染病为主,居第1位的是血源及性传播传染病,共报告5种12453例,占53．03％;其次是呼吸道传染病,共报告5种9828例,占41．85％,近3年发病居于各类传染病首位;第三位的是肠道传染病,共报5种1149例,占4．89％。发病居前5位的传染为乙肝、肺结核、流行性腮腺炎、痢疾、麻疹,主要传染病以乙肝、肺结核为主,近年性传播疾病呈快速增长趋势。结论：血源及性传播传染病和呼吸道传染病是今后重点防控传染病。     

广州市荔湾区2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

目的为了解荔湾区2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征及规律,以便更好制定流行性腮腺炎防制措施提供科学依据。方法对2009—2013年荔湾区报告的流行性腮腺炎发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2009—2013年荔湾区共报告流行性腮腺炎1 332例,年平均发病率为29.93/10万;全区22个街道都有病例发生;全年12个月均有病例发生,呈夏季高发态势;发病主要集中在0~14岁儿童和青少年,学生占38.06%;男女比例为1.89∶1;无流行性腮腺炎疫苗免疫史或免疫史不详的病例占72.75%;有流行性腮腺炎免疫史的病例占27.25%,其中接种2剂流行性腮腺炎疫苗的病例占2.75%。结论 2013年荔湾区流行性腮腺炎发病率呈现下降趋势,学生和托幼儿童是流行性腮腺炎的高发人群。应将流行性腮腺炎疫苗纳入入学、入托接种证查验工作,4岁儿童接种第2剂含流行性腮腺炎成分的疫苗,以形成有效的免疫屏障。     

许昌市2013—2018年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

目的 了解许昌市2013—2018年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为流行性腮腺炎防控提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统收集流行性腮腺炎病例信息,采用描述性流行病学方法对许昌市2013—2018年流行性腮腺炎报告病例数据进行统计分析。结果 许昌市6年来流行性腮腺炎累计报告病例3776例,年均报告发病率14.54/10万,总体保持较平稳趋势,不同年份发病率具有显著性差异(χ^2=1046.76,P<0.05)。东城区、魏都区年均报告发病率都高。流行性腮腺炎发病具有明显季节性,每年4—7月出现发病高峰。男女性别比例为1.77∶1,男女发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=222.456,P<0.05)。年龄分布主要集中于3~15岁人群,占84.06%,其中>10~15岁组病例,占总病例数的16.39%。学生发病数最高,2342例,占62.02%。结论 许昌市2013—2018年流行性腮腺炎防控效果较好。今后防控重心应放在人口密集场所和流动性大的地区,学生、托幼儿童应作为重点关注人群。建议对6岁组儿童加强接种一剂次含流行性腮腺炎成分的疫苗。     

遵义市2007-2011年传染病突发公共卫生事件分析

目的:为传染病突发公共卫生事件的防控对策提供参考。方法:运用描述性流行病学方法,对2007-2011年的传染病突发公共卫生事件进行分析。结果:2007-2011年遵义市共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件395起,4-8月和10-12月是高峰期,以手足口病、水痘和流行性腮腺炎为主,发生场所以家庭和学校为主,分别占55.70%和47.08%。结论:传染病事件是遵义市突发公共卫生事件防控的重点,特别是重症手足口病的防控形势严峻。     

河南省2013年风疹流行病学特征分析

目的了解河南省2013年风疹的流行病学特征,为制定风疹的防治策略提供参考依据。方法对河南省2013年风疹发病资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2013年河南省共报告风疹病例352例,无死亡病例。年均发病率为0.37/10万,其中以信阳市最高,郑州市次之,漯河市最低;发病主要集中在<15岁人群(80.40%),并以散居儿童和学生为主,男女性别比为1.61∶1;发病呈现明显的季节性,3—6月为发病高峰。结论河南省风疹发病率处于较低水平,<15岁儿童为主要发病人群。应提高重点人群风疹疫苗的接种率,预防风疹暴发,减少先天性风疹综合征的发生。     

2015年大连高新区传染病疫情分析

摘要：目的 对大连高新区2015年法定报告传染病进行分析,找出其流行规律,为降低和控制传染病发生提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学分析方法。结果 2015年大连高新区共报告法定传染病13种499例,年发病率390.37/10万,同比上升了19.35%。发病数居前5位的是手足口病、梅毒、猩红热、其他感染性腹泻、肺结核,占发病总数的88.38%。结论 2015年大连高新区法定传染病以肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病、血源及性传播传染病为主,应针对高发传染病的流行特点采取有针对性的预防控制措施,以降低传染病的发病率。     

许昌市2009-2013年流行性腮腺炎流行病学调查及分析

目的分析许昌市2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征,为预防和控制流行性腮腺炎的发病和流行提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法 ,对许昌市2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎报告病例进行流行病学分析。结果许昌市2009—2013年共报告流行性腮腺炎病例3 665例,5年平均发病率为1.716/10万。全市均有病例报告,位居病例报告数前三位的地区依次为禹州市、襄城县、魏都区。发病具有明显的季节性,发病高峰为4—7月;病例男女性别比为2.18∶1,5~9岁人群高发,占总病例数的55.44%;发病人群职业主要为学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童。突发公共卫生事件共3起,均发生在学校。结论学生是流行性腮腺炎的重点防控人群。通过多种形式开展健康教育,推广2剂疫苗的接种,提高流行性腮腺炎接种率。     

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors in Jiangsu Province,China

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an important public health issue in mainland China, including Jiangsu Province. The main purpose of this study was to depict the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD and evaluate the effects of meteorological variables on its dynamics via spatiotemporal analytic methods, which is essential for formulating scientific and effective prevention and control strategies and measures. In total, 497,910 cases of HFMD occurred in the 2009-2013 period, with an average annual incidence of 126.3 per 100,000 in Jiangsu. Out of these, 87.7% were under 5 years old with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 1.4. The dominant pathogens of the laboratory-confirmed cases were EV71 and CoxA16, accounting for 44.8% and 30.6% of all cases, respectively. Two incidence peaks were observed in each year, the higher occurring between April and June, the lower between November and December. The incidence ranged between 16.8 and 233.5 per 100,000 at the county level. The incidence in the South of the province was generally higher than that in the northern regions. The most likely spatiotemporal cluster detected by space–time scan analysis occurred in May-June of 2012 in the southern region. Average temperature and rainfall were positively correlated with HFMD incidence, while the number of days with rainfall ≥ 0.1mm, low temperature, high temperature and hours of sunshine were negatively related. Particularly, relative humidity had no relationship. In conclusion, the prevalence of HFMD in Jiangsu Province has an obvious feature of seasonality. The etiological composition changed dynamically and might be a latent driving force for the temporal variation of the incidence of HFMD. A moderately warm environment promotes the transmission of the HFMD viruses, while particularly cold and hot climate conditions restrain their transmission.     

Maternal Mortality in Henan Province,China: Changes between 1996 and 2009

Background

Maternal deaths occur mostly in developing countries and the majority of them are preventable. This study analyzes changes in maternal mortality and related causes in Henan Province, China, between 1996 and 2009, in an attempt to provide a reliable basis for introducing effective interventions to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR), part of the fifth Millennium Development Goal.

Methods and Findings

This population-based maternal mortality survey in Henan Province was carried out from 1996 to 2009. Basic information was obtained from the health care network for women and children and the vital statistics system, from specially trained monitoring personnel in 25 selected monitoring sites and by household survey in each case of maternal death. This data was subsequently reported to the Henan Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital. The total MMR in Henan Province declined by 78.4%, from 80.1 per 100 000 live births in 1996 to 17.3 per 100 000 live births in 2009. The decline was more pronounced in rural than in urban areas. The most common causes of maternal death during this period were obstetric hemorrhage (43.8%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (15.8%), amniotic fluid embolism (13.9%) and heart disease (8.0%). The MMR was higher in rural areas with lower income, less education and poorer health care.

Conclusion

There was a remarkable decrease in the MMR in Henan Province between 1996 and 2009 mainly in the rural areas and MMR due to direct obstetric causes such as obstetric hemorrhage. This study indicates that improving the health care network for women, training of obstetric staff at basic-level units, promoting maternal education, and increasing household income are important interventional strategies to reduce the MMR further.     

2018-2019年中国流行性腮腺炎流行特征和病毒基因特征分析

阐明中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)2018-2019年流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行特征和病毒基因特征。对2018-2019年中国流腮流行病学和病毒学监测数据进行描述流行病学和分子流行病学分析。2018-2019年中国流腮年报告发病率分别为18.65/10万和21.48/10万,15岁以下儿童和青少年是我国流腮的高发人群,分别占总病例数的85.30%和82.56%。流腮的流行具有明显的季节性特征。全国各省、自治区、直辖市份均有流腮病例报告,西部和中部地区发病率高于东部地区。2018-2019年共获得160条腮腺炎病毒(Mumps virus,MuV)SH基因序列,其中150条(93.75%)序列鉴定为F基因型MuV,在我国11个省份检测到;10条(6.25%)序列为G基因型MuV,2019年在广东、湖北和新疆3个省份检测到。和我国既往流行MuV代表株相比,2018-2019年流行的F基因型MuV代表株序列在基因亲缘性关系树上相对集中。现阶段我国流腮的流行病学特征未发生明显改变,仍呈现病毒自然流行模式;F基因型作为优势流行基因型,在我国大部分地区持续流行,但毒株的遗传多态性有所降低,这可能和我国实施1剂次腮腺炎疫苗常规免疫策略有关。G基因型MuV主要在我国局部地区流行,但流行范围在逐渐扩大。建议进一步加强两剂次腮腺炎疫苗接种工作,降低我国腮腺炎易感人群。同时持续性开展MuV流行学和病毒学监测工作,为鉴别病毒的来源,确定病毒传播途径和评估腮腺炎疫苗免疫策略奠定重要的基础。     

潍坊市坊子区2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

目的了解潍坊市坊子区2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为预防控制流行性腮腺炎提供科学依据。方法对2009—2013年潍坊市坊子区传染病报告信息管理系统流行性腮腺炎报告病例个案资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征。结果潍坊市坊子区2009—2013年累计报告流行性腮腺炎病例416例,年平均发病率为20.97/10万。2009—2013年发病率分别为10.03/10万、10.71/10万、10.74/10万、36.63/10万、24.50/10万;男性为28.92/10万,女性为12.93/10万;0~2岁为30.81/10万,3~9岁为125.74/10万,10~24岁为49.11/10万,25~55岁为1.43/10万。病例数最多的是峡山生态发展区98例,占总病例数的23.56%;凤凰、九龙街办均为92例,各占总病例数的22.12%。发病高峰期在每年的3—7月和12月至次年1月。其中,3—7月占63.70%,1月、12月占17.07%;学生占64.66%,幼托儿童占16.11%,散居儿童占12.26%,其他占6.92%;有临床合并症的病例占5.77%,合并脑膜炎者占5.29%;合并胰腺炎者占0.48%。结论潍坊市坊子区2009—2013年流行性腮腺炎发病率逐年上升,今后应针对重点人群和高发季节进一步加强流行性腮腺炎监测和预防控制工作。     

High Nationwide Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Sweden

Over recent years increased MS incidence, primarily in women, has been reported. We recently reported an unexpectedly high MS prevalence of 189/100,000 in Sweden. In the present study we estimated the nationwide age- and gender-specific MS incidence and the sex ratio in Sweden between 2001 and 2008. MS patients were identified by linking two nationwide health data registers, and the Swedish population register. The earliest registered date of MS diagnosis was determined. By logistic regression, the probability of the date of MS diagnosis being within the incidence period, depending on age and time was estimated for a subset of patients and applied to other patients. By Poisson regression, the hazard functions for the incidence of MS diagnosis were estimated. The expected number of MS patients was 7,361.4. The incidence in the average population of 9,054,658 was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years, and 6.2 and 14.0 per 100,000 person-years for men and women, respectively. The crude female to male ratio was 2.26. No increase of incidence or change of sex ratio was observed from 2001 to 2008. In conclusion, the average MS incidence in Sweden from 2001 to 2008 was 10.2 per 100.000, which was considerably higher than previous regional Swedish estimates of 4.3–6.4. No increase of female to male ratio of MS during the study period was observed. We provide supplementary data that can be used as tools for examining excess MS risk in different study materials.     

Seasonality of primarily childhood and young adult infectious diseases in the United States

The Center for Disease Control (CDC) in the United States collects and maintains records of communicable (so-called notifiable) infectious diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality and impact the national economy. This investigation focused on seasonal patterns in the primarily childhood and young adult infectious diseases of meningococcal meningitis, mumps, pertussis, typhoid fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (1990 to 2003 CDC database), and varicella (1993 to 2003 CDC database). Linear regression was performed to ascertain the trend in the incidence of each disease, and multi-component cosinor analysis was applied to determine and describe periodicities. Significant decreasing trends in incidence were detected in meningococcal meningitis, mumps, typhoid fever, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and increasing trends were found in pertussis and varicella. Significant annual patterns were documented in meningococcal meningitis (January peak), mumps (April peak), pertussis (August peak), varicella (April peak), typhoid fever (August peak), and in the hospital-acquired streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (February peak). Such seasonal patterns and long-term trends in infectious diseases are of practical public health significance in indicating which can benefit from timely prevention interventions.