枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)产果胶酶的研究Ⅰ.菌种选育、鉴定及其酶学特征分析

分离到1株高产果胶酶菌株,经形态、生理以及生化指标鉴定,确认为枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)并命名为枯草杆菌18.发酵液用90%硫酸铵沉淀,透析后的粗酶经CM-52柱层析,收集酶峰,再过Shephadex G-100得部分纯化酶.该酶最适pH9.0,在pH9～11稳定,最适反应温度60℃,50℃加热50 min保存60%酶活,60℃加热50 min酶活则保存10%.酶的等电点(pI)4.0,分子量31 000.该酶对苎麻脱胶有较好的特异性.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌凝乳酶的克隆、重组表达及酶学性质

为了实现解淀粉芽孢杆菌来源凝乳酶的异源表达,并探究重组凝乳酶的酶学性质。以解淀粉芽孢杆菌基因组DNA为模板,扩增得到凝乳酶编码基因proMCE,构建了重组菌株E.coliBL21(pET28a-proMCE),并成功表达了重组凝乳酶。通过Ni柱亲和层析法纯化具有活性的凝乳酶,分子量大小约为28.5kDa,纯化后比酶活达到1096.97SU/mg,纯化倍数达到4.56倍,回收率为66.51%。对该重组酶酶学性质进行了初步研究,重组凝乳酶分别在70℃、65℃表现最大凝乳酶活力与蛋白酶活力,60℃处理20min,凝乳酶活力与蛋白酶活力均被钝化80%,为热不定性酶。酶的最适反应pH为5.0。在pH5~7条件下处理后,凝乳酶活力相对稳定,能保留超过70%的活力。     

绿色木霉MJ1产内切β-葡聚糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

利用KTAUPC-900快速蛋白液相色谱系统(FPLC)从绿色木霉MJ1固体发酵产物中分离纯化出内切β-葡聚糖苷酶。分离纯化后酶的比活力提高了28·6倍,回收率为19·7%。SDS-PAGE后经BIO-RAD凝胶成像系统分析该内切酶的分子量为64·7kD。酶学试验研究表明:该酶的最适反应温度53℃,最适pH为4·2,Lineweaver-Burk法求得动力学参数,Km和Vmax分别为1·230×10-2g/mL、2·396×10-2mg/(mL·min)。并确定了FPLC层析缓冲液的离子强度为2·2mmol/L时分离效果达到最佳。     

一株地衣芽孢杆菌产凝乳酶酶学性质研究

目的：对地衣芽孢杆菌所产凝乳酶的酶学特性进行研究。方法：在不同的温度、pH值、底物浓度、不同金属离子等条件下测定地衣芽孢杆菌产凝乳酶相对酶活力。结果：地衣芽孢杆菌所产凝乳酶最适凝乳温度为70℃;40℃以上热处理后凝乳活性有不同程度的损失,75℃热处理10min后凝乳酶活性丧失;pH值为5～8时凝乳活性随乳pH值的降低而增强,pH值为7时凝乳酶最稳定;Ca2+ 、Fe2+、Fe3+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Al3+对酶活性有一定的促进作用;Li2+、Na+、Cu2+、Zn2+对酶活性有抑制作用;底物浓度最适为250 g/L、Ca2+的最适浓度为0.014 g/L。     

海藻酸钠固定化重组川芎咖啡酸-3-O-甲基转移酶

利用IPTG诱导含有川芎咖啡酸-3-O-甲基转移酶(LCCOMT)的大肠杆菌工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a-LCCOMT,经Ni~(2+)亲和层析、质谱鉴定获得纯化的LCCOMT。采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定LCCOMT,单因素实验考察最佳固定化条件对固定化酶活力的影响,并确定了固定化酶的最适温度、pH值、Km、Vmax与反应批次等酶学性质。确定的条件分别为海藻酸钠质量分数1.5%,CaCl_2浓度2.5 g/L,固定化时间2 h,载体与酶质量比40 000∶1。通过正交实验确定最终固定化条件为CaCl_2浓度2.5 g/L,海藻酸钠质量分数2.0%,固定化时间1 h,载体与酶质量分数35 000∶1时,固定化效果最好,此时相对酶活力为75.43%。固定化酶的最适催化温度为37℃、最适pH值为7.5,较游离酶分别增加0℃和0.5;Km、Vmax分别增高0.40和0.74;实验确定固定化酶的半衰期,连续使用6次,酶活力仍保留50%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌WHNB02植酸酶的酶学性质研究

从118份样品中分离到1株产植酸酶的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,WHNB02),其发酵液经乙醇沉淀、硫酸铵分级沉淀及Sephadex G-100柱层析等步骤后分离纯化了该酶,纯化倍数约为31.5倍,回收率为13.0%。该酶为单体酶,SDS-PAGE测得的分子量约为43ku,以植酸钠为底物的Km值为0.5mmol/L,酶反应的最适温度为60℃,80℃作用10min酶活保存61%,最适pH为7.0,在pH6.0~10.0范围内稳定,酶活性及稳定性都需Ca2 存在。EDTA、Mn2 、Ba2 (5mmol/L)对酶活具有很大的抑制作用。     

微生物凝乳酶的研究 Ⅱ.酶学性质

从2502株菌中筛选到一株真菌Y85-8512经诱变育种,发酵物的凝乳酶活力为5000 u/g以上。对该酶的酶学性质进行了研究,其最适反应温度为70℃,酶在50℃保温半小时稳定;pH 5.0时酶活最高,pH 7.0酶几乎失活;pH 2—5,室温保持1小时,剩余酶活力为66—100%。该酶凝乳活性与水解蛋白质活性之比为4782。还与胃蛋白酶、小牛凝乳酶及毛霉凝乳酶进行了比较,初步认为该酶不同于这几种酶。     

微生物凝乳酶的研究 Ⅱ.酶学性质

从2502株菌中筛选到一株真菌Y85-8512经诱变育种,发酵物的凝乳酶活力为5000 u/g以上。对该酶的酶学性质进行了研究,其最适反应温度为70℃,酶在50℃保温半小时稳定;pH 5.0时酶活最高,pH 7.0酶几乎失活;pH 2—5,室温保持1小时,剩余酶活力为66—100%。该酶凝乳活性与水解蛋白质活性之比为4782。还与胃蛋白酶、小牛凝乳酶及毛霉凝乳酶进行了比较,初步认为该酶不同于这几种酶。     

瘦肉型猪(PIC344)精液酸性磷酸酶部分性质研究

用纱网滤掉瘦肉型猪 (PIC344) 新鲜精液中胶状物得原精液, 该原精液经硫酸铵分段盐析、DEAE Sepharose F F 离子交换柱层析、Sephacryl S 200 凝胶过滤后分离纯化到酸性磷酸酶 (Acid Phosphatase, 简称ACPase)。纯化倍数为22 78, 酶液比活力为15 26U/mg蛋白。纯化酶液经非还原性SDS PAGE检测, 呈现单一蛋白着色带。测得该酶相对分子质量为52 3kD, 等电点为5 1, 米氏常数 (Km 值) 为3 08×10-3mol/L。测得该酶最适pH为3 6, 最适温度为52℃。ACPase在pH 3 5~6 0范围内稳定, 在40℃以下稳定, 50℃保温30min后酶活仍能保持59 2%。     

绿色木霉MJ1产内切β-葡聚糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

利用KTAUPC-900快速蛋白液相色谱系统(FPLC)从绿色木霉MJ1固体发酵产物中分离纯化出内切β-葡聚糖苷酶。分离纯化后酶的比活力提高了28.6倍,回收率为19.7%。SDS-PAGE后经BIO-RAD凝胶成像系统分析该内切酶的分子量为64.7kD。酶学试验研究表明:该酶的最适反应温度53℃,最适pH为4.2,Lineweaver-Burk法求得动力学参数,K_m和V_max分别为1.230×10^{-2相似文献}   

Kinetic studies on the action of Mucor pusillus, Mucor miehei acid proteases and chymosins A and B on a synthetic chromophoric hexapeptide

The action of two milk-clotting fungal proteases from Mucos pusillus and Mucor miehei and of chymosins A and B on the hexapeptide, Leu-Ser-Phe(NO2)-Nle-Ala-Leu-OMe, and on kappa-casein were studied. The effects of pH and temperature on the initial rates of hydrolysis of the hexapeptide were examined. Crystalline chymosin and M. pusillus protease exhibited optimal activities around 49 and 55 degrees C, respectively, whereas the optimum temperature for M. miehei protease is higher than 63 degrees C. The optimum pH was about 4.7 for both fungal proteases whereas chymosin A and chymosin B exhibited optimal activities around 4.2 and 3.7, respectively. Kinetic parameters were then determined under optimal conditions and/or at pH 4.7. Fungal proteases had kcat/Km ratios that were similar to each other and that were significantly greater than the ratios obtained for the chymosins. Nevertheless, chymosins had much greater clotting activities towards kappa-casein relative to their proteolytic activities towards the synthetic peptide.     

Lipase of Mucor pusillus

Lipase of Mucor pusillus NRRL 2543 was recovered with ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, and anion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50. Maximal glycerol ester hydrolase (lipase) activity was observed at pH 5.0 to 5.5 and 50 C when trioctanoin and olive oil were used as substrates. The enzyme also showed esterase activity; it hydrolyzed, with the exception of methyl butyrate, all methyl esters tested. A minimum chain length of six carbons appeared to be a requirement for esterase activity, which was maximal at about pH 5.5 with methyl dodecanoate (C(12)) as the substrate. Neither the glycerol ester hydrolase (lipase) nor the esterase activity of the enzyme appeared to be affected by thiol group inhibitors, chelating agents, and reducing compounds. On the other hand, hydrolysis of triolein and methyl dodecanoate was arrested to the same extent in the presence of diisopropyl fluorophosphate, which suggested the involvement of serine in the active center of the enzyme. The enzyme remained stable during a 30-day storage at - 10 C.     

Antigenic characterization of some potentially pathogenic mucoraceous fungi

The antigenic profiles of 10 mucoraceous fungi--Absidia corymbifera, Mortierella wolfii, Mucor miehei, M. pusillus, M. racemosus, Rhizopus arrhizus, R. microsporus, R. oryzae, R. rhizopodiformis, R. stolonifer,--Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus were compared by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE). Antigen-rich material was obtained from homogenized hyphae (or yeasts in the case of C. albicans), and antisera by multiple subcutaneous innoculation of rabbits with macerated but viable hyphal fragments of Ab. corymbifera, M. pusillus, R. oryzae or Asp. fumigatus. Unique and common antigens were demonstrable amongst the mucoraceous species although Mort. wolfii revealed little antigenic similarity with the others. Considerable sharing of antigens between Ab. corymbifera and M. pusillus was evident. Little or no cross reactivity was seen between extracts of C. albicans and Asp. fumigatus and the mucoraeceous antisera. R. oryzae and R. arrhizus, now regarded as synonymous, revealed close antigenic similarity. On the other hand, the distinction between both M. pusillus and M. miehei--which are regarded by some as belonging to a separate genus Rhizomucor--and less thermotolerant M. racemosus was reflected in their antigenic dissimilarity. Partial separation and characterization of antigens from the crude Absidia extract was achieved by concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. Antigens with and without affinity for concanavalin A could be demonstrated. Cross reactivity between Absidia antigens and M. pusillus antiserum appeared to be contained predominantly in material (possibly carbohydrate) which bound to concanavalin A and could be eluted with alpha-methyl-D-mannoside.     

甜瓜叶片中Rubisco的去除及双向电泳体系的优化

为降低Rubisco的干扰,建立适合于甜瓜叶片蛋白质的双向电泳技术,本文比较了不同全蛋白提取方法和上样量对双向电泳的影响。结果表明,Mg/NP-40/PEG3350/TCA/丙酮提取法可去除样品中绝大多数的Rubisco,使低丰度蛋白得以检测,适合后续分析。以该法提取的蛋白,采用600、800、1000和l200μg四种上样量进行双向电泳,上样量为l000μg的样品用pH3～10的IPG胶条,在2-DE胶上分辨出质量好、数量多的蛋白质点（562个）。因此,Mg/NP-40/PEG3350/TCA/丙酮法是适合甜瓜叶片蛋白质提取的方法,l000μg是最适上样量。     

海洋野生鱼酶解提取鱼油的工艺分析

海洋野生鱼与养殖鱼比较, 其鱼油中含更多的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、脂溶性维生素等活性成分。为提高海洋野生鱼的利用价值, 以野生小带鱼为原料进行酶法提油工艺研究。分析了不同的温度, 时间, pH值等影响因素下的提取、萃取以及离心效果, 以响应面法确定了最佳的酶解工艺条件: 液固比为6、pH7.3、酶量1000 u/g原料、搅拌速度200 r/min、45oC酶解90 min; 最优萃取条件: 萃取剂100 mL(每20 g鱼糜原料)、pH4.0、40oC萃取25 min; 离心条件: 离心速度3000 r/min (1865 g)、离心时间10 min。上述工艺条件下提油率为79.90%。改进了传统的鱼油提取工艺, 在活性成分保护上有较大改善。     

海洋野生鱼酶解提取鱼油的工艺分析

海洋野生鱼与养殖鱼比较, 其鱼油中含更多的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、脂溶性维生素等活性成分。为提高海洋野生鱼的利用价值, 以野生小带鱼为原料进行酶法提油工艺研究。分析了不同的温度, 时间, pH值等影响因素下的提取、萃取以及离心效果, 以响应面法确定了最佳的酶解工艺条件: 液固比为6、pH7.3、酶量1000 u/g原料、搅拌速度200 r/min、45oC酶解90 min; 最优萃取条件: 萃取剂100 mL(每20 g鱼糜原料)、pH4.0、40oC萃取25 min; 离心条件: 离心速度3000 r/min (1865 g)、离心时间10 min。上述工艺条件下提油率为79.90%。改进了传统的鱼油提取工艺, 在活性成分保护上有较大改善。     

Conditions Influencing the Synthesis of Acid Protease by Mucor pusillus Lindt

Protease synthesis by Mucor pusillus Lindt, in a wheat bran medium under submerged conditions, was influenced by substrate concentration, initial pH of the medium, and temperature of incubation. A 4% wheat bran (dry weight) concentration was satisfactory for enzyme production. The initial pH of the medium had a substantial effect on enzyme synthesis; adjustment of the enzyme production medium to pH 5.0 prior to sterilization was desirable. Incubation at 35 C resulted in the best enzyme yields. Under optimal conditions of enzyme production, maximal activity was detected after 5 days of incubation. The enrichment of the medium with glucose increased the yield of mycelia but lowered the amount of enzyme produced.     

Effects of glycosylation on the secretion and enzyme activity of Mucor rennin, an aspartic proteinase of Mucor pusillus, produced by recombinant yeast

The Mucor rennin gene encoding a prepro form of the fungal aspartic proteinase from Mucor pusillus was expressed under the control of the yeast GAL7 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mature M. pusillus rennin secreted efficiently by yeast was a highly glycosylated protein. Analysis by a combination of site-directed mutagenesis of each of the three possible glycosylation sites and treatment of the secreted M. pusillus rennins with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H revealed that the mature yeast M. pusillus rennin contained two asparagine-linked glycosylation sites among the three possible glycosylation sites. A mutation of the 2 glycosylated asparagine residues of M. pusillus rennin resulted in significant decreases in the level of secretion by yeast cells. In addition, the extent of glycosylation of M. pusillus rennin was found to affect the enzyme properties such as milk-clotting and proteolytic activities.     

PEG-重组酵母尿酸酶结合物的基本特性研究

重组Candida utilis尿酸酶由含PET-Uricase表达质粒的重组E.coli JM109(DE3)经乳糖诱导表达,菌体破碎后依次经过硫酸铵沉淀、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析可以获得纯度95%的重组尿酸酶。还原性SDS-PAGE和HPLC测得其亚基表观分子量和天然分子量分别约为33 kDa和130 kDa。获得的纯酶与20 kDa (mPEG)2 -Lys-NHS在特定的条件下反应合成PEG-重组酵母尿酸酶结合物,考察了重组酵母尿酸酶PEG化前后的基本性质,结果显示PEG化尿酸酶的最适pH为7.5,较修饰前下降了1个pH单位,酸碱稳定范围与修饰前类似,都在pH 6-10范围内稳定;修饰前后最适温度均为40℃,重组酵母尿酸酶的热稳定性和抗蛋白酶水解能力较PEG修饰前有较大提高;PEG化尿酸酶可保留修饰前酶活力的87.5%;在最适条件下,PEG-尿酸酶结合物的Km为3.57×10-5 mol/L,而修饰前测得的Km为3.91×10-5 mol/L。研究结果为深入探讨PEG化尿酸酶的结构与功能奠定了基础。     

Cloning and sequencing of a gene for Mucor rennin, an aspartate protease from Mucor pusillus.

The aspartate protease of Mucor pusillus (Mucor pusillus rennin; MPR) is a milk-clotting enzyme used in the cheese industry. The partial amino acid sequence of MPR was determined and oligonucleotide probes were synthesized for cloning of the MPR gene. A clone giving positive hybridization with the probes was selected from the cosmid library. Sequencing of the cloned DNA revealed an open reading frame of 1281 bp without introns which encodes 361 amino acids for the expected MPR with an NH2-terminal extension of 66 amino acids. MPR seems to be synthesized as a prepro enzyme.