喂饲Lactobacillus casei Zhang对大鼠体内脂质代谢的影响

从内蒙古锡林郭勒盟正蓝旗传统酸马奶中分离筛选到1株降胆固醇功效较好的乳杆菌Lactobacillus．casei Zhang。用Lb．casei Zhang灌胃高脂血症模型大鼠研究其对血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的影响。结果表明:灌胃14 d后,Lb．casei Zhang热致死菌体组大鼠血清中TC浓度较对照组显著降低(P<0．01),TG浓度虽有降低但不呈显著性,同时HDL-C浓度显著升高(P<0．05);Lb．casei Zhang活菌体组大鼠血清中TC、TG浓度均有所降低,HDL-C浓度升高,但未呈显著性。灌胃28 d后,Lb．casei Zhang热致死菌体组大鼠血清中TC浓度较对照组显著降低(P<0．05),Lb．casei Zhang活菌体组TC浓度及两组TG、LDL-C浓度降低,但差异不显著,HDL-C未发生明显的改变。Lb．casei Zhang热致死菌体组和活菌体组粪便中的胆酸含量均增高,但只有热致死菌体组差异显著(P<0．05)。通过实验表明Lb．casei Zhang通过菌体对胆固醇的吸收吸附及减少肝肠循环中的胆酸来达到降血脂的功效。     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang增殖培养基的优化

Lactobacillus casei Zhang 是一株分离自传统酸马奶中的益生菌.本文研究了不同碳源、氮源、碳氮比例、微量元素及缓冲盐对 Lactobacillus casei Zhang 增殖培养的效果,并采用响应面法对优选的碳源、氮源和缓冲盐类的组成含量进行优化,得到 Lactobacillus casei Zhang 的增殖培养基为:葡萄糖20.9 g/L、大豆蛋白胨10.45 g/L、酵母粉10.45 g/L、K2HPO4 3.5 g/L、醋酸钠14.6 g/L、柠檬酸钠2.3 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 1 g/L,MnSO4·5H2O 54 mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 10 mg/L、吐温80为1 g/L.Lactobacillus casei Zhang 在此增殖培养基中经37℃ 18 h培养活茵数可达到4.78×109 CFU/mL,比在MRS中(4.8×108 CFU/mL)提高近10倍.     

农田休闲后土壤微生物类群和酶活性的变化及对西洋参种植的影响

研究农田经不同休闲年限后的土壤肥力、微生物类群和酶活性的关系.试验结果表明,农田土栽参在经过土壤体闲后土壤的有机质、速效氮和速效钾的含量均高于未经休闲的土壤.在休闲1年后,各类微生物的增长幅度是最大的.细菌增长了25倍,真菌增长5.6倍,放线菌增长4倍.当休闲2年后,微生物的增长速度明显降低.土壤在休闲1年后过氧化氢酶的活性提高了16%,蔗糖酶活性虽略有提高但差异不显著.休闲后土壤的氨化作用和硝化作用明显提高,其中休闲1年的土壤硝化作用比休闲前的提高33.5%.     

绿色荧光蛋白和潮霉素抗性双标记载体转化草酸青霉菌P8的研究

草酸青霉菌P8(Penicillium oxalicum)溶磷菌株具有较强的溶解多种无机难溶磷的能力和促进作物生长的作用。为研究P8在作物根际的定殖状况,用携带加强型绿色荧光蛋白和潮霉素抗性的双标记载体转化溶磷青霉菌P8的原生质体,筛选出稳定、高效表达GFP并对潮霉素产生抗性的转化菌株,Southern杂交分析结果显示,外源质粒DNA是以非同源重组方式整合到转化菌株基因组染色体上。试验证明转化菌株的形态学特征和溶磷能力与野生型菌株无明显差别。     

245例早期胃癌胃微血管形态变化及Bcl-2和P53表达特点的研究

目的:研究早期胃癌微血管形态变化以及Bcl-2和P53在早期胃癌中的表达特点.方法:选取245例消化不良症状的住院患者,首先用放大内镜观察胃微血管形态,然后根据胃小凹状况分为A、B、C、D、E型,分别检测不同胃小凹分型标本中Bcl-2和P53阳性率.结果:浅表性胃炎主要见于A型(57.9％)、B型(49.0％)和c型(20.0％)小凹类型;萎缩性主要见于C型(40.0％)和D型(50.0％);肠上皮化生主要见于C型(32.0％)、D型(35.7％)和E型36.0％);不典型增生多见于D型(10.7％)和E型(34.0％);胃癌仅见于E型(14.0％).不同类型的微血管形态,其Bcl-2和P53阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义.E型小凹的标本中Bcl-2和P53阳性率分别为68.0％与62.0％,均显著高于A(5.2％与7.8％)、B(7.8％与11.8％)、C(18.0％与16.0％)、D型(26.8％与30.4％),差异有统计学意义;D型小凹的标本中Bcl-2和P53阳性率均显著高于B型,差异亦有统计学意义.结论:早期胃癌及癌前病变主要发生在D、E型小凹类型;微血管形态可作为早期胃癌的诊断指标,放大内镜可以作为早期胃癌诊断的一种临床筛选方法.     

饲料中发酵芝麻粕替代菜粕对草鱼生长性能、肠道形态和微生物及小肽转运相关基因表达的影响

实验以初重(99.98±0.69) g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为研究对象, 研究饲料中发酵芝麻粕替代菜粕蛋白对草鱼生长性能、肠道形态和微生物以及小肽转运相关基因表达的影响。添加0、5%、10%和15%发酵芝麻粕分别替代菜粕蛋白0、11.8%、23.5%和35.1%, 配制4组等氮等脂的饲料, 分别为对照组、实验1组、实验2组和实验3组。实验在室内循环水养殖系统中进行, 每组3个重复, 每一重复饲喂20尾鱼, 每天饱食投喂2次, 实验共持续45d。结果发现: 各处理组间草鱼增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均无显著差异, 实验1组和2组略高于对照组(P>0.05); 组间饵料系数也无显著差异, 实验1组和2组略低于对照组(P>0.05)。实验组草鱼肠绒毛高度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 而实验组隐窝深度小于对照组 (P>0.05), 绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(V/C)在实验组也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着发酵芝麻粕替代比例的增加, 乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)占比显著上升(P<0.05), 而大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和气单胞菌(Aeromonas)占比显著下降。小肽转运相关基因方面, 尾型同源盒基因2 (CDX2)、特异性蛋白1 (Sp1)和小肽转运蛋白1 (PepT1)基因mRNA相对表达量均随着发酵芝麻粕替代比例的增加呈现先显著上调后下调的趋势, 且均在实验1组时达到最大值(P<0.05)。综合考量鱼体生长性能、肠道黏膜形态、菌群及小肽转运相关基因表达方面, 草鱼饲料中发酵芝麻粕蛋白适宜替代菜粕蛋白的比例为11.8%—23.5%。     

~(32)P研究马铃薯(合作-88)和黄豆对磷素营养的吸收及分布规律

应用3 2 　P研究“合作 88”马铃薯对磷素营养的吸收和分布规律 ,结果显示 :马铃薯对磷素营养的吸收率随植株的生长而增加。吸收率与栽培生长时间呈显著正相关。磷素主要分布为茎 >根 >叶。随生育期茎中含量相对增加 ,而叶中含量相对减少 ,根的不变。黄豆对磷素的吸收在 6d水培时间内随时间的延长而增加 ,过后则衰退。     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang固态发酵条件的优化

利用一株分离自传统发酵酸马奶中的益生干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei Zhang）进行固态发酵（Solid State Fermentation,SSF）。以发酵物中的活菌数为主要指标,采用九因素四水平（L32（4^9））的正交试验优化固态发酵培养基,并在优化的培养基基础上研究不同的初始含水量及培养时间对Lactobacillus casei Zhang活菌数的影响。实验结果表明,在固态发酵培养基组成为4g豆粕、5g麸皮、0．6g乳清粉、0．3g葡萄糖、0．3g碳酸钙、0．02g硫酸铵、0．01g硫酸镁,初始含水量为55％的优化条件下,37℃发酵60h,发酵物中Lactobacillus casei Zhang活菌数可达到4．08×10^10CFU／g。     

环丙沙星预先处理牙鲆消化道对干酪乳杆菌定植的影响

利用1株干酪乳杆菌,通过实验研究用环丙沙星预先处理牙鲆消化道后乳杆菌的定植和演替规律。在投喂含有1.2×10^9CFU/g乳杆菌的饲料5 d后,消化道定植的乳杆菌超过106CFU/g,其后维持在10^6～10^8CFU/g动态平衡中。同时随着乳杆菌的投喂,不经环丙沙星预先处理牙鲆消化道的正常组,鱼消化道的弧菌数从10^7～8CFU/g降低到10^6CFU/g左右;而经环丙沙星预先处理牙鲆消化道的药饵组,鱼胃、小肠和盲囊的弧菌数则是先增加,然后显著下降。停喂乳杆菌7 d后,2个实验组鱼消化道的乳杆菌均从10^5～6CFU/g下降到10^4CFU/g,干酪乳杆菌正常组鱼盲囊中弧菌从10^5CFU/g回升到10^6CFU/g,胃和小肠中弧菌数量基本不变。干酪乳杆菌药饵组则有所不同：除胃中弧菌数量则基本不变外,盲囊和小肠中弧菌数量继续下降,其原因有待进一步研究。实验结果表明,干酪乳杆菌能在牙鲆消化道内定植,而用预先处理牙鲆消化道后,更有利于乳杆菌的定植;乳杆菌的投喂和定植,使牙鲆消化道中的弧菌数量明显下降。     

交互保护对干酪乳杆菌ATCC 393~(TM)存活的影响

【目的】以干酪乳杆菌典型株ATCC 393TM(Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393TM)为实验菌株,研究其在多重胁迫环境下的交互保护应答机制。【方法】比较不同亚适应条件(热、H2O2、酸、胆盐)处理后菌体细胞在热致死条件(60℃)及氧致死条件H2O2(5mmol/L)下的存活率变化,并集中考察了最佳亚适应条件-酸适应的不同处理方式对细胞交互保护存活率、胞内pH以及脂肪酸含量的影响。【结果】交互保护对干酪乳杆菌ATCC393生理活性的影响因亚适应及致死条件而异:酸胁迫预适应能够显著提高细胞的交互胁迫抗性,其中,盐酸预适应的交互保护效果优于乳酸,其预适应引发的生理应答效应使细胞在应对热致死和氧致死胁迫时存活率分别提高了305倍和173倍;进一步的研究表明,酸预适应提高细胞存活率的作用机制可能与其能够显著改善胁迫环境下的胞内pH和细胞膜脂肪酸不饱和度相关。【结论】盐酸预适应对干酪乳杆菌典型株ATCC393的交互保护作用最为显著,并能够维持胁迫条件下细胞生理状态的相对稳定,本研究将有助于进一步解析干酪乳杆菌在对抗不同胁迫环境的过程中生理应答机制间的相互作用关系。     

Survival, growth and persistence under farm conditions of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain inoculated into liquid pig feed

AIMS: To investigate the survival and persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum REB1 in the fermentation process of liquid pig feed on a working farm in standard production conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two feed types, a control diet [nonfermented liquid feed (NFLF)] and a fermented diet [fermented liquid feed (FLF)], were compared. A rifampicin-resistant mutant L. plantarum REB1-Rif was used to initiate the fermentation of the feed. Inoculation with the experimental strain was repeated one or two times per week throughout the three month growing period. Four microbial groups were followed using standard microbiological techniques, as well as pH. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were high already at the beginning in FLF, while it took nine days to reach the corresponding LAB levels in NFLF. Yeasts were stable in FLF, whereas in NFLF there were occasional high counts during the first week. The numbers of Enterobacteriaceae were low, although in NFLF they were variable. The average pH in NFLF was 4.5 and 4 in FLF. CONCLUSIONS: The inoculation of L. plantarum REB1-Rif provided a LAB population of log 9 colony forming units (CFU) ml(-1) from the first feeding day, stable numbers of yeast and pH, and a drastic reduction of Enterobacteriaceae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The inoculation by L. plantarum REB1-Rif offered a FLF microbiologically stable from the first week in actual production conditions.     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang的研究简况

<正>用于发酵乳制品生产的益生乳酸菌菌种和发酵剂的研制对于我国相关产业的生存与发展至关重要。为了建立具有我国自主知识产权的益生乳酸菌菌种和发酵剂的相关技术,张和平等人分离并系统研究了一株     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang增殖培养基的优化

Lactobacillus casei Zhang是一株分离自传统酸马奶中的益生菌。本文研究了不同碳源、氮源、碳氮比例、微量元素及缓冲盐对Lactobacillus casei Zhang增殖培养的效果, 并采用响应面法对优选的碳源、氮源和缓冲盐类的组成含量进行优化, 得到Lactobacillus casei Zhang的增殖培养基为：葡萄糖 20.9 g/L、大豆蛋白胨10.45 g/L、酵母粉10.45 g/L、K2HPO4 3.5 g/L、醋酸钠14.6 g/L、柠檬酸钠2.3 g/L、MgSO4?7H2O 1 g/L、MnSO4?5H2O 54 mg/L、CuSO4?5H2O 10 mg/L、吐温80为1 g/L。Lactobacillus casei Zhang在此增殖培养基中经37℃18 h培养活菌数可达到4.78×109 CFU/mL, 比在MRS中(4.8×108 CFU/mL)提高近10倍。     

Identification and characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum

Aims:  The study aimed to identify the resistance genes mediating atypical minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol within two sets of representative strains of the species Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum and to characterize identified genes by means of gene location and sequencing of flanking regions.
Methods and Results:  A tet (W) gene was found in 24 of the 28 Lact. reuteri strains with atypical MIC for tetracycline, whereas four of the six strains with atypical MIC for erythromycin were positive for erm (B) and one strain each was positive for erm (C) and erm (T). The two Lact. plantarum strains with atypical MIC for tetracycline harboured a plasmid-encoded tet (M) gene. The majority of the tet (W)-positive Lact. reuteri strains and all erm -positive Lact. reuteri strains carried the genes on plasmids, as determined by Southern blot and a real-time PCR method developed in this study.
Conclusions:  Most of the antibiotic-resistant strains of Lact. reuteri and Lact. plantarum harboured known plasmid-encoded resistance genes. Examples of putative transfer machineries adjacent to both plasmid- and chromosome-located resistance genes were also demonstrated.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  These data provide some of the knowledge required for assessing the possible risk of using Lact. reuteri and Lact. plantarum strains carrying antibiotic resistance genes as starter cultures and probiotics.     

Beneficial effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity mice

Aims: This study aimed at determining whether oral administration of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS), can improve insulin resistance, which is the underlying cause of obesity‐associated metabolic abnormalities, in diet‐induced obesity (DIO) mice. Methods and Results: DIO mice were fed a high‐fat diet without or with 0·05% LcS for 4 weeks and then subjected to an insulin tolerance test (ITT) or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Oral administration of LcS not only accelerated the reduction in plasma glucose levels during the ITT, but also reduced the elevation of plasma glucose levels during the OGTT. In addition, plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP), which is a marker of endotoxaemia, were augmented in the murine models of obese DIO, ob/ob, db/db and KK‐A^y and compared to those of lean mice. LcS treatment suppressed the elevation of plasma LBP levels in DIO mice, but did not affect intra‐abdominal fat weight. Conclusions: LcS improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in DIO mice. The reduction in endotoxaemia, but not intra‐abdominal fat, may contribute to the beneficial effects of LcS. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study suggests that LcS has the potential to prevent obesity‐associated metabolic abnormalities by improving insulin resistance.