Contribution of heterotrophic plankton to nitrogen regeneration in the upwelling ecosystem of A Coruna (NW Spain)

The contribution of heterotrophic plankton to nitrogen (N) regenerationin the water column, and its significance for the requirementsof phytoplankton, were studied at the seasonal scale in thecoastal upwelling ecosystem of A Coruña (Galicia, NWSpain). During 1995–1997, monthly measurements were takenof hydrographic conditions, dissolved nutrients, and abundanceand biomass of microplanktonic heterotrophs (bacteria, flagellatesand ciliates), phytoplankton and mesozooplankton (>200 µm).Additionally, series of experiments were conducted to quantifyN fluxes, including primary production (¹⁴C method), phytoplanktonuptake of nitrate, ammonium and urea (¹⁵N-labelling techniques),microheterotrophic regeneration of ammonium, mesozooplanktongrazing (chlorophyll gut-content method) and excretion of ammoniumby mesozooplankton. Two N budgets were built for the averagesituations of high (>100 mg C m^-2 h^-1) and low (<100 mgC m^-2 h^-1) primary production. The results revealed that phytoplanktonrelied strongly on regenerated ammonium all year round (33 and43% of total N uptake in high and low production situations,respectively). This demand for ammonium was closely matchedby regeneration rates of microplankton (0.14–0.25 mmolN m^-2 h^-1), whereas zooplankton contributed on average <10%to N regeneration. Likewise, zooplankton grazing had littledirect control on phytoplanktonic biomass. The results obtainedindicate that in the A Coruña upwelling system, N biomassof heterotrophic plankton is generally higher than phytoplanktonN biomass. The high rates of N regeneration measured also suggestthat a large proportion of the organic matter produced afteran upwelling pulse is recycled in the water column through themicrobial food web.     

Estimations of mesozooplankton biomass in a coastal upwelling area off NW Spain

The abundance and several estimators of mesozooplankton biomass(dry weight, ash-free dry weight, displacement volume, carbonand nitrogen) were measured in a coastal upwelling area offLa Coru*****na (NW Spain) at monthly intervals between 1990and 1995. Holoplanktonic copepods dominated in most of the samples,but meroplanktonwere also important near the coast, especiallyduring late spring and through summer. Gelatinous organisms(medusae, siphonophores and larvaceans) reached significantabundances (-10%) in shelf waters by late summer, but also nearthe coast in spring. Log-linear equations were computed betweendry weight, displacement volumeand the other biomass estimators,to allow for interconversion among different measurements. Toprevent the influence of meroplankton and gelatinous zooplanktonin the estimations of biomass, the equations were adjusted usingonly samples in which the abundance of each of these groupswas <10% of total individuals. Our equations produced carbonand ash-free dry weight estimates that are comparable to thoseobtained with the ratiosgiven in other studies in the region.However, the esti mations of mesozooplankton carbon from displacementvolume using the adjusted equation with our data are lower thanthose reported previously for the area, which werecomputed usingequations adjusted with data from a different ecosystem. Theuse of interconversion factors taken from the literature isdiscussed, along with the implications of the estimations ofmesozooplankton biomass in the computations of the flux of carbonthrough the ecosystem.     

Bacterial regeneration of ammonium and phosphate as affected by the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus ratio of organic substrates

The effect of carbonnitrogenphosphorus (CNP) ratio of organic substrates on the regeneration of ammonium and phosphate was investigated by growing natural assemblages of freshwater bacteria in mineral media supplemented with the simple organic C, N, and P sources (glucose, asparagine, and sodium glycerophosphate, respectively) to give 25 different substrate CNP ratios. Both ammonium and phosphate were regenerated when CN and NP atomic ratios of organic substrates were 101 and 161, respectively. Only ammonium was regenerated when CN and NP ratios were 101 and 10–201, respectively. On the other hand, neither ammonium nor phosphate was regenerated when CN and NP ratios were 151 and 51, respectively. In no case was phosphate alone regenerated. As bacteria were able to alter widely the CNP ratio of their biomass, the growth yield of bacteria appeared primarily dependent on the substrate carbon concentration, irrespective of a wide variation in the substrate CNP ratio.     

Phytoplankton biomass and production in shelf waters off NW Spain: spatial and seasonal variability in relation to upwelling

Summary Chlorophyll-a and primary production on the euphotic zone of the N-NW Spanish shelf were studied at 125 stations between 1984 and 1992. Three geographic areas (Cantabrian Sea, Rías Altas and Was Baixas), three bathymetric ranges (20 to 60 m, 60 to 150 m and stations deeper than 200 m), and four oceanographic stages (spring and autumn blooms, summer upwelling, summer stratification and winter mixing) were considered. One of the major sources of variability of chlorophyll and production data was season. Bloom and summer upwelling stages have equivalent mean and maximum values. Average chlorophyll-a concentrations approximately doubled in every step of the increasing productivity sequence: winter mixing — summer stratification — high productivity (upwelling and bloom) stages. Average primary production rates increased only 60% in the described sequence. Mean (± sd) values of chlorophyll-a and primary production rates during the high productivity stages were 59.7 ± 39.5 mg Chl-a m^–2 and 86.9 ± 44.0 mg C m^–2 h^–1, respectively. Significant differences in both chlorophyll and primary production resulted between geographic areas in most stages. Only 27 stations showed the effects of the summer upwelling that affected coastal areas in the Cantabrian Sea and Rías Baixas shelf, but also shelf-break stations in the Rías Altas area. The Rías Baixas area had lower chlorophyll than both the Rías Altas and the Cantabrian Sea areas during spring and autumn blooms, but higher during summer upwelling events. On the contrary, primary production rates were higher in the Rías Baixas area during blooms in spring and autumn. Mid-shelf areas showed the highest chlorophyll concentrations during high productivity stages, probably due to the existence of frontal zones in all geographic areas considered. The estimated phytoplankton growth rates were comparable to those of other coastal upwelling systems, with average values lower than the maximum potential growth rates. Doubling rates for upwelling and stratification stages in the northern and Rías Altas shelf areas were equivalent, despite larger biomass accumulations during upwelling events. Low turnover rates of the existing biomass in the Rías Baixas shelf in upwelling stages suggests that the accumulation of phytoplankton was due mainly to the export from the highly productive rías, while the contribution of in situ production to these accumulations was relatively lower.     

Distribution of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in a coral reef

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations in a fringing coral reef were measured for both carbon and nitrogen with the analytical technique of high-temperature catalytic oxidation. Because of high precision of the analytical system, not only the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON, respectively) but the C:N ratio was also determined from the distribution of DOC and DON concentrations. The observed concentrations of DOC and DON ranged 57–76 and 3.8–5.6 μmol l⁻¹, respectively. The C:N ratios of the DOM that was produced on the reef flat were very similar between seagrass- and coral-dominated areas; the C:N ratio was 10 on average. The C:N ratio of DOM was significantly higher than that of particulate organic matter (POM) that was produced on the reef flat. Production rates of DOC were measured on the reef flat during stagnant periods and accounted for 3–7% of the net primary production, depending on the sampling site. The production rate of DON was estimated to be 10–30% of the net uptake of dissolved inorganic N in the reef community. Considering that the DOM and POM concentrations were not correlated with each other, a major source of the reef-derived DOM may be the benthic community and not POM such as phytoplankton. It was concluded that a widely distributed benthic community in the coral reef released C-rich DOM to the overlying seawater, conserving N in the community.     

Response of coastal phytoplankton to ammonium and nitrate pulses: seasonal variations of nitrogen uptake and regeneration

Seasonal variation in uptake and regeneration of ammonium and nitrate in a coastal lagoon was studied using ¹⁵N incorporation in particulate matter and by measuring changes in particulate nitrogen. Uptake and regeneration rates were two orders of magnitude lower in winter than in summer. Summer uptake values were 2.8 and 2.2 mol N.l^–1.d^–1 for ammonium and nitrate, respectively. Regeneration rates were 2.9 and 2.1 mol N.l^–1.d^–1 for ammonium and nitrate respectively. Regeneration/uptake ratios were often below one, indicating that water column processes were not sufficient to satisfy the phytoplankton nitrogen demand. This implies a role of other sources of nitrogen, such as macrofauna (oysters and epibionts) and sediment. Phytoplankton was well adapted to the seasonal variations in resources, with mixotrophic dinoflagellates dominant in winter, and fast growing diatoms in summer. In winter and spring, ammonium was clearly preferred to nitrate as a nitrogen source, but nitrate was an important nitrogen source in summer because of high nitrification rates. Despite low nutrient levels, the high rates of nitrogen regeneration in summer as well as the simultaneous uptake of nitrate and ammonium allow high phytoplankton growth rates which in turn enable high oyster production.     

Modelling the production and transport of dissolved organic carbon in forest soils

DyDOC describes soil carbon dynamics, with a focus on dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The model treats the soil as a three-horizon profile, and simulates metabolic carbon transformations, sorption reactions and water transport. Humic substances are partitioned into three fractions, one of which is immobile, while the other two (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) can pass into solution as DOC. DyDOC requires site-specific soil characteristics, and is driven by inputs of litter and water, and air and soil temperatures. The model operates on hourly and daily time steps, and can simulate carbon cycling over both long (hundreds-to-thousands of years) and short (daily) time scales. An important feature of DyDOC is the tracking of ¹⁴C, from its entry in litter to its loss as DO¹⁴C in drainage water, enabling information about C dynamics to be obtained from both long-term radioactive decay, and the characteristic ¹⁴C pulse caused by thermonuclear weapon testing during the 1960s ("bomb carbon"). Parameterisation is performed by assuming a current steady state. Values of a range of variables, including C pools, annual DOC fluxes, and ¹⁴C signals, are combined into objective functions for least-squares minimisation. DyDOC has been applied successfully to spruce forest sites at Birkenes (Norway) and Waldstein (Germany), and most of the parameters have similar values at the two sites. The results indicate that the supply of DOC from the surface soil horizon to percolating water depends upon the continual metabolic production of easily leached humic material. In contrast, concentrations and fluxes of DOC in the deeper soil horizons are controlled by sorption processes, involving comparatively large pools of leachable organic matter. Times to reach steady state are calculated to be several hundred years in the organic layer, and hundreds-to-thousands of years in the deeper mineral layers. It is estimated that DOC supplies 89% of the mineral soil carbon at Birkenes, and 73% at Waldstein. The model, parameterised with "steady state" data, simulates short-term variations in DOC concentrations and fluxes, and in DO¹⁴C, which are in approximate agreement with observations.     

Sloppy feeding in marine copepods: prey-size-dependent production of dissolved organic carbon

An equation predicting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) productionby sloppy feeding was developed from literature data on apparentgross growth efficiency and copepod-to-prey size ratio basedon the assumption that real gross growth efficiency is independentof relative prey size. The equation suggests that, for copepod-to-preysize ratios <55, DOC production by sloppy feeding can bequantitatively important. It can be calculated as: Q = 0.714– 0.013 x (ESD_copepod/ESD_prey), where Q is the fractionof carbon removed from suspension that is lost as DOC and ESDis equivalent spherical diameter. Predictions by the equationwere corroborated by actual measurements of copepod DOC productionfrom the literature.     

不同肥力棕壤溶解性有机碳、氮生物降解特性

溶解性有机碳、氮在土壤全碳、全氮含量中所占的比例很小,但却是土壤有机质中最为重要和活跃的部分。研究利用土壤溶解性有机碳、氮生物降解的测定方法,分别选取沈阳农业大学试验站不同肥力及与定位试验地紧密相连的自然林地棕壤为研究对象,开展棕壤溶解性有机碳、氮的生物降解特性的研究,为了解溶解性有机碳、氮在土壤生态系统碳、氮循环中的作用,探讨棕壤溶解性有机碳、氮与土壤肥力的关系提供理论依据。研究结果表明,棕壤林地溶解性有机碳、氮的含量最高,高肥处理次之,低肥处理含量最低。棕壤溶解性有机碳、氮与全碳、全氮和微生物量碳、氮的相关性达到极显著水平,与土壤肥力紧密相关,可以作为指示土壤肥力的重要指标。不同肥力棕壤溶解性有机碳、氮的降解速率在培养初期较快,而后逐渐减慢,降解数据符合双指数衰变模型。棕壤溶解性有机碳分别由降解速率不同的两个库组成：周转时间在1d的易分解部分和周转时间大约为400d的难分解部分。棕壤溶解性有机氮是由周转速率大约为2d的易降解部分和周转速率在99～105d左右的难分解部分组成． 经过42d的培养,浸提液中剩余溶解性有机质碳氮比值较培养前有所增加。     

Seasonal variations in upwelling and in the grazing impact of copepods on phytoplankton off A Coruña (Galicia, NW Spain)

The impact of grazing by copepods on phytoplankton was studied during a seasonal cycle on the Galician shelf off A Coruña (NW Spain). Grazing was estimated by measuring the chlorophyll gut content and the evacuation rates of copepods from three mesh-size classes: 200-500 (small), 500-1000 (medium), and 1000-2000 μm (large). Between February 1996 and June 1997, monthly measurements of water temperature, chlorophyll concentration, primary production rates, and copepod abundance, chlorophyll gut content, and evacuation rates were taken at an 80-m-deep, fixed shelf station. Additionally, the same measurements were collected daily during two bloom events in March and in July 1996. Small copepods were the most abundant through the seasonal cycle. The highest grazing impact, however, was due to the medium and large size classes. Grazing by small copepods exceeded grazing by medium and large copepods only during phytoplankton spring blooms. The impact of copepod grazing (considering all size fractions) was generally low. On average, 2% of the phytoplankton biomass and 6% of the primary production were removed daily by the copepod community. Maximum grazing impact values (9% of the phytoplankton biomass and 39% of the primary production) were found in mid-summer. These results suggest that most of the phytoplankton biomass would escape direct copepod grazing in this upwelling area.     

Degradability of dissolved soil organic carbon and nitrogen in relation to tree species

The degradability and chemical characteristics of water-extractable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) from the humus layer of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands were compared in short-term incubation of soil solutions. For all extracts the degradation of DOC and DON was low (12-17% loss) and increased in the order: birch, spruce and pine. In the humus layer under pine a relatively larger pool of rapidly degrading dissolved soil organic matter (DOM) was indicated by the [3H]thymidine incorporation technique, which measures the availability of DOM to bacteria. The degradation of DOC was explained by a decrease in the hydrophilic fraction. For DON, however, both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions tended to decrease during incubation. No major differences in concentrations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions were detected between tree species. Molecular size distribution of DOC and DON, however, revealed slight initial differences between birch and conifers as well as a change in birch extract during incubation. The depletion of very rapidly degrading fractions (e.g., root exudates and compounds from the litter) may explain the low degradability of DOM in the humus layer under birch.     

Diurnal changes in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen in a hardwater stream

Organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen parameters were sampled simultaneously at 6 h intervals over a diurnal period at seven stations in a small hardwater stream in southern Michigan. Concentrations and budget values (kg/day) varied up to 10-fold at individual stations and between stations. The most constant parameters were total dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen. The most variable parameter was particulate organic carbon. Significant changes were noted in all parameters as the stream passed through different stream-side habitats. Budget values facilitated interpretation of these changes over time between stations. High variability in the concentration values was introduced by large allochthonous inputs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and water alternately adding to or diluting parameters. Distance from upstream terrestrial DOM sources, DOM residence time, the pulsed nature of DOM inputs and biological utilization of DOM have important effects on the quality and quantity of DOM that enters recipient lakes and rivers. The importance of ground-water flux and DOM content is stressed. The DOM input and turnover within hardwater streams appears t o be in rapid, dynamic equilibrium.     

Diatom and desmid relationships with the environment in mountain lakes and mires of NW Spain

The mountain ranges in NW Spain have a large number of little known wetlands. We report the results of a study carried out on a group of 77 small lakes and mires in the Sierra Segundera and Cordillera Cantábrica. The main physical and chemical variables, and phytoplankton communities from littoral samples were studied. Cantabrian wetlands showed greater variability in all environmental variables measured as well as higher values in those related to mineralisation than the Segundera ones. Many of these ecosystems were oligotrophic and showed a high species richness. Desmids and diatoms were the two most abundant groups, both in the species number and in biovolume. Desmids were the most numerous group in taxa in Sierra Segundera, whereas diatoms were in Cordillera Cantábrica. Differences in species composition of algae communities between both mountain ecosystems were studied. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was carried out on diatom and desmid flora composition. This analysis showed that alkalinity was the most important parameter in diatom distribution and pH the most important one in that of desmids.     

The effect of land use on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen uptake in streams

1. Agricultural and urban land use may increase dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations in streams and saturate biotic nutrient demand, but less is known about their impacts on the cycling of organic nutrients. To assess these impacts we compared the uptake of DIN (as ammonium, NH₄⁺), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, as acetate), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON, as glycine) in 18 low‐gradient headwater streams in southwest Michigan draining forested, agricultural, or urban land‐use types. Over 3 years, we quantified uptake in two streams in each of the three land‐use types during three seasons (spring, summer and autumn). 2. We found significantly higher NH₄⁺ demand (expressed as uptake velocity, V_f) in urban compared to forested streams and NH₄⁺V_f was greater in spring compared to summer and autumn. Acetate V_f was significantly higher than NH₄⁺ and glycine V_f, but neither acetate nor glycine V_f were influenced by land‐use type or season. 3. We examined the interaction between NH₄⁺ and acetate demand by comparing simultaneous short‐term releases of both solutes to releases of each solute individually. Acetate V_f did not change during the simultaneous release with NH₄⁺, but NH₄⁺V_f was significantly higher with increased acetate. Thus, labile DOC V_f was not limited by the availability of NH₄⁺, but NH₄⁺V_f was limited by the availability of labile DOC. In contrast, neither glycine nor NH₄⁺V_f changed when released simultaneously indicating either that overall N‐uptake was saturated or that glycine and NH₄⁺ uptake were controlled by different factors. 4. Our results suggest that labile DOC and DON uptake can be equivalent to, or even higher than NH₄⁺ uptake, a solute known to be highly bioreactive, but unlike NH₄⁺ uptake, may not differ among land‐use types and seasons. Moreover, downstream export of nitrogen may be exacerbated by limitation of NH₄⁺ uptake by the availability of labile DOC in headwater streams from the agricultural Midwestern United States. Further research is needed to identify the factors that influence cycling of DOC and DON in streams.     

Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in a Central European deciduous forest

Despite growing attention concerning therole of dissolved organic matter (DOM) inelement cycling of forest ecosystems, thecontrols of concentrations and fluxes of bothdissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen(DON) under field conditions in forest soilsremain only poorly understood. The goal ofthis project is to measure the concentrations and fluxes of DON, NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ^–and DOC in bulkprecipitation, throughfall, forest floorleachates and soil solutions of a deciduousstand in the Steigerwald region (northernBavaria, Germany). The DOC and DONconcentrations and fluxes were highest inleachates originating from the Oa layer of theforest floor (73 mg C L^–1, 2.3 mg NL^–1 and about 200–350 kg C, 8–10 kg Nha^–1 yr^–1). They were observed to behighly variable over time and decreased in themineral topsoil (17 mg C L^–1, 0.6 mg NL^–1 and about 50–90 kg C, 2.0 to 2.4 kg Nha^–1 yr^–1). The annual variability ofDOC and DON concentrations and subsequentialDOC/DON ratios was substantial in allsolutions. The DOC and DON concentrations inthroughfall were positively correlated withtemperature. The DOC and DON concentrationsdid not show seasonality in the forest floorand mineral soil. Concentrations were notrelated to litterfall dynamics but didcorrespond in part to the input of DOC and DONfrom throughfall. The throughfall contributionto the overall element fluxes was higher forDON than for DOC. Concentrations and fluxes ofDON were significantly correlated to DOC inthroughfall and the Oi layer. However, thecorrelation was weak in Oa leachates. Inaddition, seasonal and annual variation ofDOC/DON ratios indicated different mechanismsand release rates from the forest floor forboth components. The concentrations of DOC andDON in forest floor leachates were in mostcases dependent neither on the pH value orionic strength of the solution, nor on thewater flux or temperature changes. As aconsequence, the DOC and DON fluxes from theforest floor into the mineral soil werelargely dependent on the water flux if annualand biweekly time scales are considered.     

淹水培养条件下土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮的动态

以洞庭湖区2个典型水稻土(红黄泥和紫潮泥)为对象,研究了25 ℃、淹水培养条件下稻草-硫铵配施和单施硫铵处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮(SMBC、SMBN)和可溶性有机碳、氮(SDOC、SDON)的动态变化.结果表明,SMBC、SMBN和SDOC、SDON在培养前期达到峰值,之后降低,并趋于稳定.添加底物后,2种土壤不同处理土壤微生物生物量碳与有机碳(SMBC/TC)和土壤微生物生物量氮与全氮(SMBN/TN)的平均值都在2%～3%之间变化;可溶性碳与全碳(SDOC/TC)的平均值为1%左右,可溶性氮与全氮(SDON/TN)平均值为5%～6%.2种土壤中SMBC峰值单施硫铵处理最大,但与稻草-硫铵配施处理差异均不显著;SMBN、SDOC和SDON峰值稻草-硫铵配施最大.稻草-硫铵配施与单施硫铵处理中,低肥力红黄泥的SMBN、SDOC和SDON峰值差异显著;而高肥力紫潮泥SMBN和SDOC峰值差异不显著.前7 d,SMBC/SMBN＜10;14 d后,同一时刻单施硫铵处理SMBC/SMBN＞稻草-硫铵配施.不同处理的SDOC/SDON 3 d时最大,28 d时最小.     

杉木人工林土壤可溶性有机质及其与土壤养分的关系

通过在福建省来舟林场对不同栽植代数杉木人工林土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)和氮(DON)及土壤养分的研究,其结果表明,随着杉木栽植代数的增加林地土壤DOC和DON含量逐渐下降,在0～10cm土层内第3代杉木林土壤DOC和DON含量分别是第1代杉木林的83.9%和87.1%、第2代杉木林的90.6%和96.9%,在10～20cm土层内第3代杉木林土壤DOC和DON含量分别是第1代杉木林的80.2%和81.5%、第2代杉木林的81.8%和90.0%。在不同林地和土层内土壤DOC含量之间的差异性达到了显著或极显著水平,而DON含量之间的差异性不显著。不同栽植代数杉木林土壤养分的变化趋势与DOM一致,随着杉木连栽,土壤养分含量呈下降趋势。在0～10cm土层内第3代杉木林土壤全氮、全钾、铵态氮和速效钾含量分别是第1代杉木林的83.1%、60.4%、68.1%和44.3%,是第2代杉木林的84.6%、68.5%、74.4%和58.7%;在10～20cm土层内第3代杉木林土壤全氮、全钾、铵态氮和速效钾含量分别是第1代杉木林的74.0%、53.4%、57.6%和54.6%,是第2代杉木林的94.8%、59.5%、74.3%和65.5%。经相关性分析,在各土层内土壤DOC和DON含量与土壤全氮、全钾、铵态氮和速效钾等土壤养分含量存在着不同程度的相关性。     

淹水培养条件下土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮的动态

以洞庭湖区2个典型水稻土(红黄泥和紫潮泥)为对象,研究了25 ℃、淹水培养条件下稻草硫铵配施和单施硫铵处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮(SMBC、SMBN)和可溶性有机碳、氮(SDOC、SDON)的动态变化.结果表明,SMBC、SMBN和SDOC、SDON在培养前期达到峰值,之后降低,并趋于稳定.添加底物后,2种土壤不同处理土壤微生物生物量碳与有机碳(SMBC/TC)和土壤微生物生物量氮与全氮(SMBN/TN)的平均值都在2%～3%之间变化;可溶性碳与全碳(SDOC/TC)的平均值为1%左右,可溶性氮与全氮（SDON/TN)平均值为5%～6%.2种土壤中SMBC峰值单施硫铵处理最大,但与稻草 硫铵配施处理差异均不显著;SMBN、SDOC和SDON峰值稻草 硫铵配施最大. 稻草-硫铵配施与单施硫铵处理中,低肥力红黄泥的SMBN、SDOC和SDON峰值差异显著;而高肥力紫潮泥SMBN和SDOC峰值差异不显著.前7 d,SMBC/ SMBN＜10;14 d后,同一时刻单施硫铵处理SMBC/SMBN＞稻草-硫铵配施.不同处理的SDOC/SDON 3 d时最大,28 d时最小.