昆明白小鼠1细胞胚胎体外培养系统的研究

研究发现在有或者没有磷酸盐的条件下,葡萄糖均抑制昆明白小鼠ｌ－４细胞期胚胎的体外发 育。在不含葡萄糖和磷酸盐的ＨＥＣＭ－ｌ中,桑椹率为４０．０５％（７４／１６８）,而对照Ｇ－ＨＥＣＭ－１仅为 ８．１４％（７／８６）;不含葡萄糖含有磷酸盐的ＣＺＢ中,桑椹率为６７．１１％（９３／１５２）,而对照ＴＡＬＰ仅 ６· ６７％（６／９０）。用不含葡萄糖而含有１． ０ｍｍｏ１／Ｌ谷氨酸肢和０． １１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＥＤＴＡ的ＣＺＢ液,与兔输 卵管上皮单层培养细胞（ＲＯＥＣ）协同培养小鼠１细胞胚,７３．３３％（１１０／１５０）胚胎发育至桑椹胚, 但没有观察到囊胚形成、用上述ＣＺＨＲＯＥＣ系统培养小鼠１细胞胚４８小时（３－４细胞）,再移入 ＴＣＭ１９９＋１０％ＦＣＳ＋ＲＯＥＣ系统,有７６．７４％（６７／８６）胚胎发育至桑椹胚,９６／小时后,４０．７０％ （３５／８６）发育至囊胚。     

几种克服昆明小鼠2一细胞胚胎发育阻滞的培养液研究

比较了几种培养液对克服昆明小鼠胚胎２－细胞发育阻滞的效果。实验１的结果表明，在Ｍ１６及ＣＺＢ培养液基础上，加减几种成分得到的改进Ｍ１６培养液（用ｍＭ１６表示）和改进的ＣＺＢ培养液（用ｍＣＺＢ表示）均能有效克服２－细胞阻滞现象。除去Ｍ１６和ＣＺＢ培养液中的葡萄糖和磷酸盐后添加５．５５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ牛磺酸、１００或１１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＥＤＴＡ、２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和２％必需氨基酸（ＥＡＡ）及１％非必需     

兔2—细胞胚胎电融合及其融合胚体外发育的研究

本文对兔２－细胞胚胎卵裂球电融合制作四倍体胚胎的适宜条件进行了研究。电场强度为２．０千伏／厘米,脉冲时程为４０微秒时,可获得最好的融合率（６８．９－１００％,平均为７７．３％）及融合胚发育率（７４．５％）,该发育率与受精卵体外囊胚发育率（７９．３％）相似。对于电融合及融合胚发育,非电解质溶液（０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘露醇＋０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ氯化钙＋０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸镁）优于电解质溶液。融合后,７２．     

兔受精卵显微注射外源基因后体外培养的卵裂发育

从超数排卵的１４只母兔获得４３８枚受精卵,卵龄１６～２２小时．显微操作在带微分干涉和相差的Ｎｉｋｏｎ倒置显微镜下进行．注射针的尖端外也０．５μｍ,离尖端４０和８０μｍ处的外径分别为４．２和６．５μｍ．注射用外源基因是绵羊生长激素基因与ＭＴ－１启动基因藕连的线状ＤＮＡ溶液（１ｎｇ／μｌ）．１４０枚注射的受精卵和未注射的１４５枚受精卵（对照）,在Ｈａｍ’ｓＦ—１０培养液（补充生长因子）中培养（３８℃,５％的ＣＯ２）．结果,培养４８小时后,注射组卵裂发育率分别是：未卵裂７．９％（１１／１４０）、卵裂至２～４细胞期１１．０％（１６／１４０）、卵裂至８～１６细胞期８０．７％（１１３／１４０）．对照组相应的卵裂率分别是４．１％（６／１４５）、１２．４％（１８／１４５）和８３．４％（１２１／１４５）．两组卵裂发育率相近．本实验的显微操作对注射后卵的发育没有产生明显的伤害影响．     

胆囊收缩素对IL－1β损伤的胰岛β细胞功能的保护作用及其机制分析

本实验在分离培养的新生大鼠胰岛上,观察了胆囊收缩素（ＣＣＫ－８）对白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ—１β）损伤的胰岛β细胞功能的影响。并就其机制进行初步分析。结果表明：（１）ＩＬ—１β（５,１０,２０Ｕ／ｍｌ）能抑制葡萄糖（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）刺激的胰岛素分泌,其抑制作用具有量效关系,抑制率分别为５３．４％,６０．５％和７０．７％。（２）ＣＣＫ－８对ＩＬ－１损伤的胰岛β细胞的功能具有保护作用。预防性地给予ＣＣＫ－８（１０￣（－１０）,１０￣（－９）,１０￣（－８）,１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能防止ＩＬ－１β对葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的抑制作用。治疗性地给予ＣＣＫ－８也能恢复胰岛对葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的能力。（３）ＣＣＫ　Ａ型受体阻断剂Ｌ３６４７１８（１０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能阻断ＣＣＫ－８的保护作用,表明这一作用可能是通过ＣＣＫ受体实现的。（４）ＩＬ－１β抑制胰岛素分泌的同时,能升高胰岛组织内ｃＧＭＰ水平,而ＣＣＫ－８能阻止ＩＬ－１引起的ｃＧＭＰ水平的升高。     

胆囊收缩素对IL—1β损伤的胰岛β细胞功能的保护作用及其…

本实验在分离培养的新生在鼠胰岛上,观察了胆囊收缩素（ＣＣＫ－８）对白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ－１β）损伤的胰β细胞功能的影响。并就其机制进行初步分析,结果表明：（１）ＩＬ－１β（５,１０,２０Ｕ／ｍｌ）能抑制葡萄糖（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）刺激的胰岛素分泌其抑制作用具有量效关系,抑制率分别为５３．４％,６０．５％和７０．７％。（２）ＣＣＫ－８对ＩＬ－１损伤的胰岛β细胞的功能具有保护作用。预防性地给予ＣＣＫ－     

6—DMAP对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂启动及孤雌发育作用

小鼠卵泡卵母细胞体外培养过程中加入２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ６－ＤＭＡＰ可抑制卵母细胞自发的染色持浓缩和生发泡破裂（ＧＶＢＤ）。源自超排的ＭⅡ期卵母细胞则能为６－ＤＭＡＰ所激活。ｈＣＧ注射后１８－１９ｈ的卵母细胞置于２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ６－ＤＭＡＰ的ＣＺＢ溶液中培养０．５ｈ、１ｈ、２ｈ、３ｈ,卵母细胞的激活率分别为２６．１％、７５．２％、７５．８％、７７．３％、卵裂率分别为８８．２％、７３．２％、６７．０％、５８．     

兔输卵管上皮细胞解除大鼠早期胚胎发育阻滞的研究

本研究利用兔输卵管上皮细胞,与异种动物大鼠的受精卵共培养,结果大量出现突破２细胞发育阻滞的现象。体外受精卵和体内受精卵的２细胞发育阻滞突破率分６２％和７３％;利用ＲＯＥＣ条件培养液培养大鼠的体外受精卵,２细胞发育阻滞的突破率达６８％,且能顺利发育至桑椹胚和囊胚。将ＲＯＥＣ直接培养在含＾３５Ｓ－甲硫氨酸的ＣＺＢ培养液中,经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及放射自显影,发现在该条件培液中出现了分子量分别为１     

从早期胚胎多能干细胞生成的嵌合鼠

本文利用囊胚注射法将小鼠胚胎多能干细胞－ＣＣＥ细胞注射到发育３天半的昆明和Ｃ３７ＢＬ／６Ｊ小鼠受体囊胚腔内,经假孕鼠借腹怀胎,获３只ＣＣＥ细胞毛色嵌合鼠。实验共注射胚胎６５４个,经培养其恢复成活率７３．８％,胚胎移植后,假母受孕率及产仔率分别为３２．９％和５３％。在所获３只嵌合鼠中,２只为ＣＣＥ－昆明毛色嵌合鼠,１只为ＣＣＥ－Ｃ３７ＢＬ／６Ｊ毛色嵌合鼠,这是国内首次利用胚胎多能干细胞获得嵌合鼠。为     

聚β—羟基丁酸产生菌Z5—GⅡ发酵条件的研究

对聚β－羟基丁酸（ＰＨＢ）产生菌Ｚ５－ＧⅡ的发酵培养基及发酵条件进行优化研究;结果表明：该菌株在蔗糖１％,酵母粉０．３％,酵母浸汁０．３％,Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４０．２％;ｐＨ７．２￣７．４的优化发酵培养基中,接种量８％,种２８ｈ,发酵培养３６ｈ,细胞干重为６．８７ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ产率可达的细胞干重的６１．８６％。该菌株还可利用葡萄糖生产废液为碳源生产ＰＨＢ,具有实现工业化生产的潜力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.