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曲霉属真菌在普洱茶后发酵中的作用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
为阐明微生物在普洱茶后发酵过程中的作用及其机制,本文进行了普洱茶温湿度试验,并利用从普洱茶后发酵堆中分离鉴定的优势曲霉属真菌,进行接种试验和专用菌剂的发酵生产试验.结果提示,只有在微生物的作用下,普洱茶才具特有的感官特性,曲霉属真菌能控制后发酵的过程,改变茶叶的感官特性.曲霉属真菌的种类及组合对普洱熟茶的茶多酚组成与含量,以及没食子酸、茶氨酸、咖啡因等特征成分的含量均有显著的影响.因此,应用专用菌剂进行后发酵生产,能加快普洱茶的熟化速度,提高发酵成功率,保证产品质量的稳定性,使普洱熟茶的规范化生产成为可能. 相似文献
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白莺山古茶的化学成分分析与栽培茶树的起源 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用高压液相色谱(HPLC)技术,对白莺山古茶的大理茶素、儿茶素类、茶掊素、没食子酸、咖啡因和茶氨酸的含量进行分析.同时,应用分光光度法测定茶多糖和茶多酚含量.在与野生大理茶及栽培大叶茶(普洱生茶)进行多成分比较的基础上,结合形态性状的变异与进化,讨论白莺山古茶种质资源的多样性与野生大理茶和栽培大叶茶的相互关系.分析研究结果不仅为白莺山古茶的品质评价提供可靠的科学数据,为白莺山丰富的古茶种质资源的深人系统研究和合理开发利用提供基础,同时,通过多种过渡类型的化学成分分析与比较,为栽培大叶茶的起源和大理茶作为大叶茶的野生基源之一的假说提供了植物化学方面的证据. 相似文献
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茶氨酸是茶树叶片中最丰富的游离氨基酸,具有重要的生理药理功能,但迄今仅在蘑菇、蕈和一些山茶科(属)植物中检测到茶氨酸。茶氨酸因有一种独特的风味特色"umami鲜爽味"而被人类营养学广泛研究,并发现合成茶氨酸的植物不仅在植物分类上具有积极意义,而且对于植物资源的有效发掘有巨大经济价值;同时还可以间接去研究茶树中茶氨酸的代谢机理以及茶氨酸合成酶的分离纯化和TS基因的克隆表达。该文运用HPLC、LC-TOF/MS对大别山地区野生幼年与成年油茶根、叶中茶氨酸进行检测,并结合分子生物学手段对油茶中茶氨酸合成酶(theanine synthetase,TS)基因进行克隆与生物信息学分析。结果表明:在幼年的油茶根中检测到茶氨酸,含量为0.08mg·g-1(鲜重),而在幼年的油茶叶片和成年油茶根、叶中均未检测到茶氨酸;在幼年油茶根中克隆出一条长为1 071bp油茶TS基因开放阅读框,其基因序列与茶树谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase,GS,AB117934)基因和TS(DD410896)序列的同源性达到98%,氨基酸序列与茶树中GS(AB117934)和TS(DD410896)的相似性高达99%。经生物信息学分析,该序列编码的TS蛋白具有20个磷酸化位点,不存在信号肽序列与跨膜结构,含有卷曲螺旋结构的亲水性细胞质蛋白。该研究将为油茶新经济价值的发掘,为茶氨酸在油茶中合成代谢途径的研究提供一定的理论基础,同时也为进一步研究茶氨酸在茶树中代谢机理提供了新的研究思路。 相似文献
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核基因组微卫星标记揭示大理茶参与了普洱茶的驯化过程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用11个核基因组微卫星标记对普洱茶3个居群、大理茶3个居群及过渡型大理茶2个居群共104株古茶树进行了遗传学分析。研究表明,普洱茶、大理茶和过渡型大理茶居群的遗传多样性相对较低,平均等位基因(Na)为4.852,平均香农多样性指数(I)为1.17,平均期望杂合度(He)和观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.59和0.52,其中大理茶的遗传多样性水平低于普洱茶和过渡型大理茶。AMOVA分析表明,普洱茶和大理茶之间遗传分化显著(FST=0.305),遗传变异主要在居群内(分别为93.51%和89.41%),而居群间的遗传变异较低(分别为6.49%和10.59%)。主成分分析和STRUCTURE聚类分析均支持大理茶和普洱茶为不同的组,过渡型大理茶主要由大理茶驯化而来,并在栽培过程中与大理茶产生了遗传分化。在混栽的大理茶和普洱茶居群间存在由大理茶向普洱茶的明显基因渐渗,证实了大理茶参与了普洱茶的驯化过程。最后,讨论并提出了对大理茶和普洱茶古茶树资源保护的相关建议。 相似文献
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利用11个核基因组微卫星标记对普洱茶3个居群、大理茶3个居群及过渡型大理茶2个居群共104株古茶树进行了遗传学分析。研究表明,普洱茶、大理茶和过渡型大理茶居群的遗传多样性相对较低,平均等位基因(Na)为4?852,平均香农多样性指数(I)为1?17,平均期望杂合度(He)和观测杂合度( Ho)分别为0?59和0?52,其中大理茶的遗传多样性水平低于普洱茶和过渡型大理茶。 AMOVA分析表明,普洱茶和大理茶之间遗传分化显著( FST=0?305),遗传变异主要在居群内(分别为93?51%和89?41%),而居群间的遗传变异较低(分别为6?49%和10?59%)。主成分分析和STRUCTURE聚类分析均支持大理茶和普洱茶为不同的组,过渡型大理茶主要由大理茶驯化而来,并在栽培过程中与大理茶产生了遗传分化。在混栽的大理茶和普洱茶居群间存在由大理茶向普洱茶的明显基因渐渗,证实了大理茶参与了普洱茶的驯化过程。最后,讨论并提出了对大理茶和普洱茶古茶树资源保护的相关建议。 相似文献
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ZHANG YingJun YANG ChongRen ZENG ShuFen CHEN KeKe JIANG HongJian ZUO ChengLin 《Plant Diversity》2010,32(1):77-82
The contents of dalichasu (1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-O-(S) hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucopyranose), catechins, theogallin, gallic acid, caffeine and theanine in old tea trees from Bai Ying Shan mountain were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC method, while their total polysaccharides and polyphenols were measured by an UV Vis spectrophotometer. Based on the chemical composition and morphological variation, the germplasm resource diversity of tea trees in Bai Ying Shan Mountain and their relationship with wild Camellia taliensis and cultivated tea (Csinensis var assamica) were discussed. The results provided not only the scientific data of quality evaluation of the old tea trees in Bai Ying Shan Mountain, but also the chemical evidence for the origin of cultivated tea and the hypothesis that Ctaliensis might be one of the origins of cultivated tea during the long natural variation and artificial breeding. 相似文献
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为探究以白化和黄化茶树品种鲜叶为原料制成的绿茶滋味品质和代谢物差异,对广德市6个白化品种绿茶(奶白茶)和14个黄化品种绿茶(黄金芽茶)进行感官审评和代谢物分析。结果表明,奶白茶滋味鲜爽而收敛性略弱;黄金芽茶滋味收敛性强而鲜度低于奶白茶。游离氨基酸总量以及呈现鲜味、甜味的游离氨基酸在奶白茶中的含量显著高于黄金芽茶,而贡献收敛性的儿茶素类化合物和没食子酸含量以及呈现苦味的咖啡碱含量在奶白茶中显著低于黄金芽茶。偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)表明导致两种绿茶滋味差异的标志性化合物有7种,分别是茶氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和咖啡碱。味觉活性值(Dot)最高的EGCG在黄金芽茶中的呈味贡献显著高于奶白茶。因此,游离氨基酸、儿茶素类化合物、没食子酸和咖啡碱含量差异导致白化和黄化茶树品种绿茶滋味不同。 相似文献
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SHE Gai-Mei ZHANG Xiang-Lan CHEN Ke-Ke XU Mei
ZHANG Ying-Jun YANG Chong-Ren 《Plant Diversity》2008,30(2):246-248
ZHANG Ying-Jun YANG Chong-Ren 《Plant Diversity》2008,30(2):246-248
Bymeans of HPLC technique, the theanine and gallic acid in the leaves of six species and three varieties of Camellia sect. Thea were analyzed. The results showed that both of them were generally occured in these plants and the contents in C. taliensis and C. kwangsiensis are mostly close to those of C. sinensis var. assamica. Since the leaves of C. taliensis have also been historically used for preparing tea by folk peoples of Yunnan province, it could be suggest that C. taliensis might one of the original plants of tea 相似文献
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Chunxia Dong Fang Li Tianyuan Yang Lin Feng Shupei Zhang Fangdong Li Weihong Li Guohua Xu Shilai Bao Xiaochun Wan William J. Lucas Zhaoliang Zhang 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2020,101(1):57-70
Theanine, a unique non‐proteinogenic amino acid, is an important component of tea, as it confers the umami taste and relaxation effect of tea as a beverage. Theanine is primarily synthesized in tea roots and is subsequently transported to young shoots, which are harvested for tea production. Currently, the mechanism for theanine transport in the tea plant remains unknown. Here, by screening a yeast mutant library, followed by functional analyses, we identified the glutamine permease, GNP1 as a specific transporter for theanine in yeast. Although there is no GNP1 homolog in the tea plant, we assessed the theanine transport ability of nine tea plant amino acid permease (AAP) family members, with six exhibiting transport activity. We further determined that CsAAP1, CsAAP2, CsAAP4, CsAAP5, CsAAP6, and CsAAP8 exhibited moderate theanine affinities and transport was H+‐dependent. The tissue‐specific expression of these six CsAAPs in leaves, vascular tissues, and the root suggested their broad roles in theanine loading and unloading from the vascular system, and in targeting to sink tissues. Furthermore, expression of these CsAAPs was shown to be seasonally regulated, coincident with theanine transport within the tea plant. Finally, CsAAP1 expression in the root was highly correlated with root‐to‐bud transport of theanine, in seven tea plant cultivars. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that members of the CsAAP family transport theanine and participate in its root‐to‐shoot delivery in the tea plant. 相似文献
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Xiumin Fu Yinyin Liao Sihua Cheng Xinlan Xu Don Grierson Ziyin Yang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2021,19(1):98-108
l ‐Theanine is a specialized metabolite in the tea (Camellia sinensis) plant which can constitute over 50% of the total amino acids. This makes an important contribution to tea functionality and quality, but the subcellular location and mechanism of biosynthesis of l ‐theanine are unclear. Here, we identified five distinct genes potentially capable of synthesizing l ‐theanine in tea. Using a nonaqueous fractionation method, we determined the subcellular distribution of l ‐theanine in tea shoots and roots and used transient expression in Nicotiana or Arabidopsis to investigate in vivo functions of l ‐theanine synthetase and also to determine the subcellular localization of fluorescent‐tagged proteins by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In tea root tissue, the cytosol was the main site of l ‐theanine biosynthesis, and cytosol‐located CsTSI was the key l ‐theanine synthase. In tea shoot tissue, l ‐theanine biosynthesis occurred mainly in the cytosol and chloroplasts and CsGS1.1 and CsGS2 were most likely the key l ‐theanine synthases. In addition, l ‐theanine content and distribution were affected by light in leaf tissue. These results enhance our knowledge of biochemistry and molecular biology of the biosynthesis of functional tea compounds. 相似文献
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8-氧化咖啡因和嘧啶类生物碱在普洱熟茶中的存在 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用柱层析分离技术,从普洱熟茶中首次分离到8-氧化咖啡因,嘧啶类生物碱(胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷、胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶) ,黄酮类配糖体(黄杞甙) ,以及简单酚类化合物(1 ,2 ,4-苯三酚、1 ,3-苯二酚和4-甲基-1 ,2-二苯酚)。由于普洱熟茶是由大叶茶经微生物后发酵生产的, 8-氧化咖啡因显然是茶叶中的咖啡因在微生物作用下形成的转化产物。胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷亦可能是茶叶中的嘧啶类生物碱与微生物中的核苷类化合物在后发酵过程中缩合形成的。二者均为新发现的普洱熟茶的特征性成分。 相似文献