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Ian K. Ross 《American journal of botany》1961,48(3):244-248
Ross, Ian K. (Yale U., New Haven, Conn.) Further studies on meiosis in the Myxomycetes. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(3): 244–248. Illus. 1961.—Photomicrographs of meiotic figures in 5 species of Myxomycetes are presented as further evidence of the time and location of meiosis in these organisms. Three members of the Physarales studied differed from species studied previously in that the cleavage of the protoplasm began during the second meiotic division and not after the divisions had been completed. Chromosome numbers were found to be in accord with previous observations and ranged from n = 25 to 90 depending on the species. 相似文献
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Fiore-Donno AM Meyer M Baldauf SL Pawlowski J 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2008,46(3):878-889
The Myxomycetes are a major component of soil amoebae, displaying a complex life cycle that terminates in the formation of often macroscopic fruiting bodies. The classification of Myxomycetes is controversial and strongly depends on the weight given by different authors to morphological and developmental characters. We used a molecular approach to establish the phylogenetic relationships in the dark-spored orders Stemonitales and Physarales. Twenty-five small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences were obtained, with focus on two Stemonitales genera, Lamproderma and Comatricha. Unexpectedly, our results show that Stemonitales are paraphyletic with Physarales arising from within a Lamproderma clade. The genus Lamproderma itself is polyphyletic and can be divided into two distinct clades. Additionally, we found that Comatricha nigricapillitia comprises two cryptic species, both related to Enerthenema. Our study allows the reappraisal of morphological and developmental characters in the light of molecular data and sets foundations for a new classification of Myxomycetes. 相似文献
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Myxomycetes from the Kimberley Region, Western Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BRUCE ING F.L.S. BRIAN M. SPOONER 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1994,116(1):71-76
An account of the Myxomycetes of the Kimberley Region of north Western Australia is presented. It is based on collections obtained mainly from the Napier and Oscar Ranges during the Kimberley Research Project, 1988. The thirty-two collections represent eighteen species, four of which are new records for Australia and twelve new to Western Australia. All but one are new to the Kimberley region, from where only four species were previously known. 相似文献
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Abstract Contribution to the Myxomycetes flora of Italy. — In this work 52 species, 20 of which new to Italy, are named. The specimens were collected in northern and central Italy. 相似文献
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Marja Hrknen 《Nordic Journal of Botany》1981,1(6):791-794
Fallen leaves were collected from the Finnish trees Alnus gtutinosa & A. incana, Betula pendula & B. pubescens, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Populus tremula , and used to establish 400 moist chamber cultures. From these emerged 132 specimens of Myxomycetes belonging to 14 species. One of them, Didymium dubium Rostaf. was also cultivated from spore to spore in artificial media. The three Arcyria species that emerged developed only on coniferous litter and the four Didymium species only on deciduous litter. Echinostelium minitum de Bary is the only myxomycete species that emerged on leaves of all the five trees.
Alnus litter gave rise to the greatest number of myxomycete specimens. Betula leaves seemed to be the most unfavourable of the substrates. The common species of Myxomycetes that have appeared only on bark of living trees in the moist chambers set up by the author include Paradiacheopsis fimbriata (G. Lister & Cran) Hertel and P. solitaria (Nann.–Brem.) Nann.–Brem. Species occurring only on deciduous leaves or grains are Didymium difforme (Pers.) S. F. Gray, D. dubium Rost. and D. squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fr. 相似文献
Alnus litter gave rise to the greatest number of myxomycete specimens. Betula leaves seemed to be the most unfavourable of the substrates. The common species of Myxomycetes that have appeared only on bark of living trees in the moist chambers set up by the author include Paradiacheopsis fimbriata (G. Lister & Cran) Hertel and P. solitaria (Nann.–Brem.) Nann.–Brem. Species occurring only on deciduous leaves or grains are Didymium difforme (Pers.) S. F. Gray, D. dubium Rost. and D. squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fr. 相似文献
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Sedimentation velocities were measured for seven myxomycete species and one fungus. Values for these first measurements for
Myxomycetes were fitted with the formula of Stoke’s law for the terminal velocity of small spherical bodies in air. The obtained
correlation coefficient of R=0.939 indicates that sedimentation velocities of myxomycete spores follow Stoke’s law well. With spore density as a parameter,
the fit estimated a mean density of 0.74 g/cm3 for air-dried spores. The importance of the stalked spore case as well as the spore diameter for dispersal abilities of Myxomycetes
is discussed. 相似文献
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A. V. Vlasenko Yu. K. Novozhilov M. Schnittler V. A. Vlasenko M. A. Tomoshevich 《Contemporary Problems of Ecology》2018,11(5):494-502
We have studied the influence of the stage of decomposition and acidity of wood, as well as the illumination of the microhabitat on the species composition, abundance, and occurrence of slime molds (Myxomycetes) of the xylobiontic (inhabitants of the wood) substrate complex of forest communities in Siberia (Altai krai, Altai Republic, and Novosibirsk oblast). This work is based on a study of 1777 samples of fruit bodies (sporophores) of myxomycetes. In the analysis of data for communities of Myxomycetes of the xylobiontic substrate complex, we recognize a successional series which clearly correlates with the stage of wood decomposition. The study of the distribution of the species composition of the slime mold on wood of various stages of decomposition shows that the maximum number of species is observed on dead trunks where the wood is of medium density and the bark can easily be separated (W3). The lowest specificity and diversity of species composition is observed on the fallen trunks of trees with very dense wood and dense bark (W1). These dead trees have low water-retaining capacity, tight bark, and almost intact wood containing large amounts of lignin, preventing the invasion of plasmodia and myxamoebae of Myxomycetes into the trunk. A study of the location of slime-mold colonies in relation to the illumination level shows that the greatest number of species is found on the front, side, and bottom parts of dead trunks of woody plants. The least specificity and the least variety of Myxomycetes species are found on apical parts of dead tree trunks facing the sun. The exception are species with large fruit bodies such as Fuligo septica and Reticularia splendens, which are most often observed on the upper parts of the sun facing trunks of woody plants. In the research area, the complex of species typical for wood of coniferous trees is described. It is noted that acidophilic slime molds of the genera Comatricha and Cribraria can be traced in xylobiontic and epiphytic–corticuloid substrate complexes. 相似文献
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The phylogenetic position of the slime-mould genus Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) challenges traditional taxonomy: although it displays the typical characters of the order Stemonitales, it appears to be sister to Physarales. This study provides a small subunit (18S or SSU) ribosomal RNA gene-based phylogeny of Lamproderma and its allies, with new sequences from 49 specimens in 12 genera. We found that the order Stemonitales and Lamproderma were both ancestral to Physarales and that Lamproderma constitutes several clades intermingled with species of Diacheopsis, Colloderma and Elaeomyxa. We suggest that these genera may have evolved from Lamproderma by multiple losses of fruiting body stalks and that many taxonomic revisions are needed. We found such high genetic diversity within three Lamproderma species that they probably consist of clusters of sibling species. We discuss the contrasts between genetic and morphological divergence and implications for the morphospecies concept, highlighting the phylogenetically most reliable morphological characters and pointing to others that have been overestimated. In addition, we showed that the first part (~600 bases) of the SSU rDNA gene is a valuable tool for phylogeny in Myxomycetes, since it displayed sufficient variability to distinguish closely related taxa and never failed to cluster together specimens considered of the same species. 相似文献
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The sterol content of two Myxomycetes, Physarum polycephalum and P. flavicomum has been examined. The sterols of the two species are apparently identical, the two major sterols in each being poriferasterol and 22-dihydroporiferasterol. Threee minor sterols are probably delta5-ergostenol, ergostanol, and poriferastanol. The triterpenoids of the two species differ in that, though lanosterol was identified in both, 22-dihydrolanosterol was indicated only in P. flavicomum. The occurrence of lanosterol together with a typical mixture of plant sterols is somewhat unusual. 相似文献
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《Mycoscience》2020,61(1):22-29
Myxomycetes inhabit coarse woody debris in varying stages of decay; however, their ecology in the dead wood of evergreen broadleaf trees is not well known. In this study, we examined the relationships between myxomycete species and the decay stage of wood from fallen trees in an evergreen broadleaf forest in Japan. Myxomycete species richness and abundance were calculated for eight stages of decay in fallen logs, according to the appearance and wood hardness of log portions. A total of 70 myxomycete species (including varieties) were found on the logs. Moderately decayed wood was the preferred habitat of myxomycetes (57 species; 81% of the total) and most species inhabited moist decayed wood. Analysis by nonmetric multidimensional scaling enabled the differentiation of myxomycete assemblages, with five groupings recognized across the progression of decay. Forty-two species preferred a particular decay stage, represented by the decay index. Physarum viride and Stemonitis splendens particularly preferred the less-decayed wood and Stemonitopsis typhina var. similis especially inhabited the well-decayed wood. Species from the order Physarales dominated the less-decayed wood, whereas Trichiales and Liceales species dominated the softer well-decayed wood. Myxomycetes diversity was high in and varied among logs with various stages of decay in a typical Japanese evergreen forest. 相似文献
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为了澄清黏菌纲绒泡菌属Physarum种级分类上存在的一些混乱,以便进一步澄清该属内分类单元的系统演化关系,对绒泡菌属81个种进行了比较形态学研究。结果表明,该属可划分成5组(section)。给出了绒泡菌属分组的检索表,并明确了每组所含的物种,通过分组对绒泡黏菌属下分类等级进行了新安排。 相似文献
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黏菌是一类具有独特特征且广泛分布在陆地生态系统中的菌物,具有调节微生境微生物群落、影响营养和生物量分配等作用。黏菌的物种多样性及影响因素一直是黏菌生态学的研究热点。本文综述了不同微生境中黏菌的发生情况以及影响黏菌物种多样性的非生物因子和生物因子3个方面的研究进展,进一步揭示黏菌在生态系统中的生态功能。 相似文献
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广西粘菌考录 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
广西横跨北回归线 ,是我国生物多样性高度丰富的地区之一 ,但对这一地区的粘菌从未有过专门的研究 ,此前仅有 1 9种粘菌被记载。为了丰富对广西粘菌资源和物种多样性的认识 ,同时也作为国家热带菌物资源调查项目工作的组成部分 ,作者进行了广西粘菌的资源和分类研究。通过野外采集和基物湿室培养获得粘菌标本 2 49份 ,经鉴定、分类和对原有 1 5份广西产粘菌标本的复核 ,确定了 63个单元 ,它们分属于 6目 1 0科 2 5属 ,其中 6种目前在国内仅知分布于广西 ,另有 46种为广西首次记录。该汇录报告了广西产粘菌的已知种 ,考证标本全部保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本馆 (HMAS)。 相似文献
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黏菌广泛分布于森林生态系统中, 并在生态系统的物质循环过程中发挥重要的功能。为了探讨黏菌在小兴安岭森林中的物种多样性及其分布, 本文对该地区的汤旺河兴安石林森林公园和胜山国家级自然保护区系统开展黏菌多样性调查研究。在2个地区共采集黏菌标本248份, 基于形态学特征共鉴定出4目8科17属44种黏菌, 其中Craterium dictyosporum、垂头绒泡菌(Physarum album)和Reticularia splendens var. jurana等10个种为黑龙江省首次报道。多样性分析结果显示, 汤旺河兴安石林森林公园针阔混交林的黏菌物种多样性(36种)高于胜山国家级自然保护区红松(Pinus koraiensis)林内的黏菌物种多样性(25种), 其中两地间共有的黏菌有17种, 黏菌物种组成的相似性(CS)为55.7%。绿绒泡菌(Physarum viride)是针阔混交林内的优势种, 蛇形半网菌(Hemitrichia serpula)是红松林内的优势种。研究结果表明植被类型对黏菌的物种组成和多样性有着重要的影响。 相似文献