红果人参叶片RNA的提取

提取高质量的RNA是进行人参植物分子生物学研究的必要前提.利用CTAB法、Trizol法、Bizol法和SDS法,从红果人参叶片中提取了总RNA,通过紫外分光光度法和凝胶电泳检测,结果显示:四种方法得到的纯度都比较高,OD260/OD280值都在1.7～2.0之间;SDS法提取的RNA,凝胶电泳显示28S条带是18S条带亮度两倍,而且无污染,好于其他三种方法.通过KT-PCK,ds cDNA片段条带弥散分布大小在0.2～3.0kb,从而进一步验证了SDS法提取的RNA质量,完全可以进行下一步的分子生物学研究     

石斛总RNA提取方法的研究

采用TRIZOL法、异硫氰酸胍法、Tris-硼酸法和改良的RNA提取方法提取石斛的总RNA,并通过凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度法检测提取的RNA样品的品质。研究结果表明:改良的RNA提取方法提取的RNA具有28S rRNA和18S rRNA两条清晰的条带,且无降解。OD260nm/OD280nm接近2.0,具有较高的纯度。其它三种方法获得的RNA品质较差,有降解和弥散现象。将改良的RNA提取方法提取的RNA逆转录成cDNA,经RAPD扩增,出现清晰的条带,进一步证明改良的RNA提取方法提取的RNA具有很高的纯度,可以满足进一步分子生物学研究的要求。     

顽拗植物澳洲坚果成熟叶片DNA提取方法比较

目的:针对澳洲坚果成熟叶片中富含多糖、多酚等杂质的特点,建立澳洲坚果成熟叶片中提取高质量 DNA 的方法.方法:采用改良CTAB法和改良SDS法提取澳洲坚果样品的总DNA,并对产物进行紫外、电泳及PCR扩增检测.结果:改良CrAB法的平均产率为13.6μg/g,略低于改良SDS法18.5μg/g,但改良CTAB法可有效去除多糖等杂质,获得的基因组DNA质量高.OD260/OD280均在1.7～1.9之间.进行ISSR扩增可获得清晰、多态性好的条带.结论:改良CrAB法较之改良SDS法更适合于从澳洲坚果成熟叶片中提取高质量DNA.     

银杏不同组织的总RNA提取方法的改进

方法:采用改进的CTAB法高效地从富含多糖、多酚类化合物的银杏的根、茎、叶和果实四个组织中提取RNA。结果:抽提的不同组织的RNA经电泳检测,可见28S和18S两条清晰的主带,且28S rRNA在亮度上均为18S rRNA的2倍,两条带之间无弥散现象;根、茎、叶、果所提的RNA的经紫外吸收检测得到A260/A230分别为1.9、1.4、2.1、1.7,测得A260/A280分别为1.8、2.0、2.3、1.8,鲜重分别达到78μg/g、69μg/g、150μg/g、90μg/g;通过RT-PCR及凝胶检测,得到了银杏看家基因18S基因的约150bp清晰的条带,从而进一步检测提取RNA的质量。结论:提取的总RNA纯度高,质量好,足以为研究提供RNA材料。     

东亚砂藓(Rhacomitrum canescens)RNA提取方法的比较和改进

方法:以东亚砂藓为材料,用CTAB法、热硼酸盐法和改良的SDS/酸酚法提取东亚砂藓总RNA,并采用3种方法进行沉淀,从提取RNA的纯度、完整性、产量、耗时和RT-PCR效果等分析确定适用于东亚砂藓总RNA提取的方法。结果:研究表明:CTAB法提取的RNA 28S rRNA明显缺失,泳道模糊不清,杂质多,热硼酸法和改良的SDS/酸酚法提取RNA 28S rRNA,18S rRNA条带清晰,OD260/OD280都在1.7以上,纯度高,但热硼酸法提取出的RNA有DNA污染,RNA的含量(15.68~35.2μg.g-1)低于SDS/酸酚法提取RNA的含量(46.5~51.9μg.g-1)3种沉淀方法比较认为无水乙醇配合LiCl沉淀RNA节省时间,反转录和RT-PCR效果好。结论:改良的SDS/酸酚法适合东亚砂藓RNA的提取。     

改良异硫氰酸胍法提取玛咖(Maca)叶片中总RNA研究

为了获得质量较高的玛咖总RNA,对其总RNA的提取进行了研究。以玛咖无菌苗叶片为材料,通过改良的异硫氰酸胍法提取其总RNA。结果:所提取的总RNA纯度高、完整性好,电泳条带清晰,OD260/OD280值达到1.90±0.03,总RNA的得率达到252.57±1.12μg/g。表明改良的异硫氰酸胍法适合于玛咖叶片中RNA的提取,所提取的总RNA纯度高、完整性好,为进一步的玛咖分子生物学研究打下良好基础。     

一种提取小鼠表皮总RNA的新方法

目的:建立一种从小鼠表皮组织提取高质量RNA的方法。方法:用热击法分离小鼠表皮,用TRIzol法提取RNA,用紫外分光光度计测定RNA的产率和纯度,用琼脂糖电泳和RT-PCR检测RNA的质量和完整性。结果:采用新方法提取的小鼠表皮总RNA,其D260nm/D280nm值为1.8～2.0,大于1.5,且RNA产率高于100μg/g;琼脂糖电泳出现5S、18S和28S等3条清晰的rRNA条带,而且28SrRNA条带的亮度约为18S的2倍;用新方法制备的总RNA可成功地用于RT-PCR实验。结论:采用热击法分离表皮并结合TRIzol法可提取到高质量、完整性好的小鼠表皮总RNA,并能用于相关的分子生物学实验。     

一种新型的油樟叶片总RNA提取方法

以油樟叶为试材,比较Trizol法、皂土法、CTAB法、Tris-SDS-异硫氰酸胍法等传统方案提取总RNA,发现效果都不理想.本文针对油樟叶片富含油脂、多酚、多糖的特点,开创性地使用了一种改良的总RNA提取流程:首次增加预处理液、乙酸乙酯抽提来减少油脂、多酚和多糖对裂解液粘稠度的影响,提取过程中使用二氯甲烷代替三氯甲烷增加对疏水性杂质的清除效果,使用混合型高盐溶液多次脱糖,结果表明使用改良的新型方法获得的油樟叶片总RNA条带清晰无明显降解,测得的A260/A280和OD260/OD230均在2.0左右,产物得率约580 μg/g,通过RT-PCR扩增出了油樟18S rRNA基因序长为113bp的特异条带,说明这种改良的新型方法获得的RNA完整性、纯度和产率都远高于常规RNA提取方法,研究探索出一种新型油樟叶片总RNA的提取方法.     

一种改良的热酚法高效快速提取酿酒酵母总RNA

以酿酒酵母单倍体CEN.PK1与双倍体CEN.PK2为研究对象,利用改良热酚法,快速高效地提取酿酒酵母总RNA.结果显示应用该方法提取的酿酒酵母CEN.PK1和CEN.PK2的总RNA经分光光度计测定浓度为7.63 μg/μL和3.77 μg/μL,OD260/280分别为2.10和2.04,OD260/230分别为2.32和2.24,浓度与纯度均能达到后续分子生物学试验的要求.经PCR与荧光定量PCR检测,该方法提取的RNA无DNA污染,可作为PCR反应的模板,与Trizol方法提取RNA相比,该方法不仅浓度高并且可将提取时间由常规的2.5 h缩短为1.5 h,具有操作简单、高质、高效等优点,经多次试验证明,此方法同样适用于酿酒酵母总RNA的大量提取试验,有较高的实用价值.     

槟榔黄化病组织RNA提取方法的比较

为了从发生黄化病的槟榔茎、叶、花中提取到完整的RNA,采用了CTAB法、Trizol法和异硫氰酸胍法提取槟榔黄化病组织RNA。从RNA的完整性、产率和纯度方面对这几种方法进行了比较,结果表明,异硫氰酸胍法所得RNA完整性较好,条带清晰无明显降解,OD260/OD280介于1.8-2.0之间,RNA得率较高,为120μg/g以上,并能成功进行反转录制备cDNA,表明该RNA可以进行后续分子生物学操作。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism