Study of copper(II) and nickel(II) ternary complexes involving tertiary amines and phenyl or hydroxylphenyl substituted amino acids

Formation constants of ternary complexes MAL, where M = Cu(II) or Ni(II). A = 2.2′bipyridyl. 1, 10-phenanthroline, and L = 3.4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), tyrosine, or phenylalanine have been determined by using the computer program SCOGS. It is observed that dopa coordinates with Cu(II)-A and Ni(II)-A through the aminocarboxylate and only over the pH range 3–8, though the ligand coordinates with free Cu(II) ion from the amino carboxylate end in the lower pH range (pH 2–4) and from the catechol end at the higher pH range (pH > 5). The visible spectrum of Cu-A-dopa is similar to that of Cu-A-phenylalanine or Cu-A-tyrosine over the entire pH range, confirming amino carboxylate coordination. Δ log K (K_MAL - log_KML) is found to be positive in all the six Cu(II) complexes. whereas it is negative in Ni(II) complexes. Release in the ternary complexes of the repulsion between the Cu(II) dπ electron and electrons delocalized over the phenyl ring has been proposed as a probable reason for the positive Δ log K.     

多聚赖氨酸引起林蛙卵表面的聚集以及对分裂沟的影响

1.多聚赖氨酸能使经异硫氰基荧光素染色的卵表面均匀分布的荧光聚集成点状或块状的斑块,荧光聚集时膜下的色素颗粒随之同步聚集。早期的聚集有三种方式。2.聚集的迟早和出现斑块的大小在卵表面不同区域是不同的。腹方新月区最早;灰色新月区次之;动物性半球稍迟,荧光和色素颗粒最后都集中到动物性极形成顶帽,其余区域成为失去色素颗粒的区域;聚集引起收缩,最后植物性半球常常破裂。3.未受精卵亦出现与上述相同的反应,这提示腹方新月区可能是精子进入卵子的区域。4.细胞松弛素不能抑制多聚赖氨酸引起的聚集。5.多聚赖氨酸能抑制分裂沟的出现,能使已出现的分裂沟消失。6.失去色素颗粒区域的细胞膜在形态、功能等方面与分裂沟中的新膜相同。对新膜出现的位置和形成因素进行了讨论。     

苏铁属植物叶表皮特征及其分类学和古生态学意义

苏铁属(Cycas)作为一类古老的裸子植物,经历了漫长的演化历史,因此,深入研究其形态特征与环境的相互关系,有望为古环境重建提供重要参考依据。本文分析西双版纳和深圳两地植物园栽培环境下27种苏铁属植物的叶表皮特征及气孔参数的差异,并进一步探讨气孔参数与系统发育的关系。结果表明:(1)苏铁属内叶表皮特征保守稳定,具有一定的分类学意义:依据表皮细胞及气孔器特征划分了四种叶表皮类型,可为苏铁现生植物或化石的鉴定提供参考。(2)四种叶表皮类型指示了不同的原生生境特征,对古环境具有一定的指示意义。(3)同一环境下,气孔参数在属内的种间差异显著,其次,气孔指数在属内变化与系统发育有关,除气孔指数具显著的系统发育信号外,其余气孔参数均无显著系统发育信号。本研究结果表明气孔参数法重建古大气CO2浓度时,需尽可能利用亲缘关系相近、叶表皮和生境皆相似的代理种,并明确气孔参数与大气CO2分压的相关关系在种间的异同,从而提高该方法的有效性。     

蛙精子中心体的分离

中心体是动物和低等植物中构成有丝分裂器的重要结构和功能元件,是间期细胞质微管和分裂期纺锤体微管的组织中心。本文报道一种从蛙精子中分离中心体的简便方法:通过匀浆将精子尾部与头部脱离,用蔗糖离心去除脱落的尾部和杂质颗粒,从而得到纯化的精子头部。用含EGTA的低渗液使精核膨大,再以超声破碎,离心得到中心体的粗制品,以重复超声和离心去除染色质和中心体外围的线粒体,得到纯度较高的精子中心体。电镜观察和免疫荧光染色显示分离所得的中心体由一对中心粒和其外周物质组成。     

Rate enhancement by guided diffusion. Chain length dependence of repressor-operator association rates

Association rates are calculated for cases where one reaction partner belongs to a chain that has an unspecific affinity to the other. Provided that the unspecific attachment does not completely suppress diffusion along the chain, this channeling may considerably speed up the association. Explicit formulae are derived to show how this effect depends on the chain length and other parameters. The influence of electrostatic forces and reaction barriers is discussed. Time dependent solutions of the diffusion equations are analyzed in order to test the usual steady state assumptions. Experiments on the repressor-operator system seem to be in good agreement with our theory.     

猪传染性水疱病病毒(SVDV)在微细胞和微胞质体内的复制

本实验研究了SVDV在微细胞和微胞质体两种非完整细胞体系内的复制。用秋水仙素处理IB-RS-2细胞,在含有松胞素B的Ficoll 400不连续梯度中进行高速离心,制备了大量的微细胞。微细胞在正常的培养条件下60小时后仍有70%以上存活,用SVDV感染只需4—5小时就几乎全部脱落。并证明微细胞能繁殖出有感染力的子代病毒。用松胞素B去核技术制备的微胞质体,运用扫描电镜和显微放射自显影的方法证实了SVDV可以在微胞质体内复制病毒RNA,并引起微胞质体病变。同时纯化了用松胞素B处理悬浮的IB-RS-2细胞而制备的大量的微胞质体,SVDV感染后,可以产生一定数量的有感染力的子代病毒。虽然滴度低于完整细胞繁殖的病毒,但证明了SVDV可以利用微胞质体中少量的细胞成分和酶类完成其感染、复制和装配一系列繁殖过程,产生有感染力的子代病毒。     

鹿科动物的染色体组型及其进化

染色体是遗传物质的主要携带者。在动植物进化过程中,染色体在数量和结构上的变化,无疑对物种形成起重要的作用。染色体的变化往往引起基因的重新排列和遗传物质的增加或丢失。染色体在结构和数量上的差异还往往造成两个本来很相近的群体间的生殖隔离而形成新种。染色体组型和染色体的带型都代表着种的特性,它为不同动物在分类研究和确定其在进化过程中的位置提供了一个新的和重要的标准。可是,染色体的结构既是稳定的,同时又是可变的。染色体组型的改变是以染色体组的结构特点为基础     

凹叶厚朴大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育的研究

凹叶厚朴花药四囊型,腺质绒毡层有1-2层细胞,小孢子形成时胞质分裂方式为修饰性同时型,小孢子四分体排列方式为左右对称型．成熟花粉粒为二细胞型。四分体和小孢子在发生时有不规则变形。子房单心皮,心皮腹面壁上着生2个胚珠,胚珠倒生型,厚珠心,双珠被;孢原细胞一个,并且自表皮下第2层细胞处分化。胚囊发育为单孢蓼型。凹叶厚朴的胚胎学特征与木兰科其它植物的胚胎学特征基本相同,属于较原始的被子植物胚胎类型。在凹叶厚朴大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育过程中存在部分败育现象。本文初步探讨了凹叶厚朴濒危的生殖生物学原因。     

Reassociation of membrane glycoprotein with intact erythrocytes

Purified membrane glycoprotein was found to specifically bind to erythrocyte surfaces. (1) The glycoprotein showed over 80-fold greater binding to erythrocytes than did bovine serum albumin; (2) the binding of the glycoprotein was not significantly inhibited by the presence of other proteins even when added in 175-fold greater concentration; (3) the glycoprotein's binding showed both time and concentration dependence. Radiolabeled glycoprotein was re-isolated after binding to erythrocytes and, after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, over 64% of the label was recovered from the glycoprotein bands. The glycoprotein preparation would bind to erythrocyte surfaces to the extent of 6–7% of that naturally occurring in the membranes.     

The Delft School of Microbiology in historical perspective

The paper discusses the contributions made to the Delft School of Microbiology by its founding fathers, defines its contents and analyses its influence. The paper is concluded by a discussion of the significance of the Delft School for the future development of general microbiology.     

凹叶厚朴大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育的研究

凹叶厚朴花药四囊型,腺质绒毡层有1-2层细胞,小孢子形成时胞质分裂方式为修饰性同时型．小孢子四分体排列方式为左右对称型,成熟花粉粒为二细胞型。四分体和小孢子在发生时有不规则变形。子房单心皮。心皮腹面壁上着生2个胚珠,胚珠倒生型,厚珠心,双珠被;抱原细胞一个,并且自表皮下第2层细胞处分化。胚囊发育为单孢蓼型。凹叶厚朴的胚胎学特征与木兰科其它植物的胚胎学特征基本相同,属于较原始的被子植物胚胎类型。在凹叶厚朴大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育过程中存在部分败育现象。本文初步探讨了凹叶厚朴濒危的生殖生物学原因。     

B淋巴细胞的造血调控作用

我们以往的工作证实T细胞对造血干细胞增殖分化的调控作用,经特异或非特异性抗原激活的淋巴细胞具有更强的调控活性。为了进一步弄清细胞间相互作用在造血调控中的地位,近年来我们又探讨了B淋巴细胞对造血干、祖细胞增殖调控作用。     

Enriched populations of rat retinal ganglion cells: Studies using a cell-type specific surface marker

Cells dissociated from adult and neonatal rat retinas were separated by density gradient centrifugation. Previous work had shown that rat retinal cells labelled by an immunofluorescence assay for the Thy-1 antigen were chiefly or exclusively ganglion cells, and so the proportion of Thy-1 positive cells in the density gradient fractions was used as an index of the enrichment of ganglion cells. The proportion of Thy-1 positive neonatal cells was increased from about 0.4% in the initial dissociate to about 8% in the most enriched fraction of a Percoll step gradient. Amongst adult cells the initial 0.7% Thy-1 positive cells were increased to roughly 2% in the best fraction of a metrizamide step gradient.

The presence of relatively large numbers of Thy-1 positive cells in other fractions suggested that it would be difficult to further increase the proportion of rat ganglion cells by methods based on their sedimentation properties. These results demonstrate the importance of cell-type specific markers in attempts to purify cells from the central nervous system.     

高等植物叶绿体和线粒体免疫亲近性的研究

以火箭免疫电泳分析表明:大豆叶绿体抗体与大豆线粒体有免疫交叉反应,同时大豆线粒体抗体与大豆叶绿体也有免疫交叉反应,但是大豆线粒体的抗体与鼠肝线粒体之间无免疫交叉反应。这说明高等植物线粒体对叶绿体比之对动物线粒体在免疫特性上有更大的亲近性,亦即高等植物线粒体和高等植物的叶绿体有更大的同源性。经火箭免疫电泳、交叉免疫电泳和线状免疫电泳进一步分析表明:菠菜偶联因子抗体(AbCF_1)和大豆线粒体、大豆叶绿体间,大豆线粒体抗体与CF_1和大豆叶绿体之间,以及大豆叶绿体的抗体(AbC)与CF_1和大豆线粒体间有免疫交叉反应,说明两种换能器之间有免疫亲近性,并分别与CF_1存在免疫亲近性。这揭示两种换能器免疫亲近性的表现是由于存在共同物质基础所致,这内在共同物质基础是偶联因子。这个结果有力地支持高等植物叶绿体和线粒体在结构和功能上以及发生上存在同源性的观点,在理论上也为两种换能器的起源和演化上存在同源性提供了一些依据。     

The function of tail fibers in triggering baseplate expansion of bacteriophage T4

Normal particles of bacteriophage T4 have six long tail fibers attached to a hexagonal baseplate. T4 particles having various complements of tail fibers were prepared by in vitro addition of fibers to fiberless particles, and the infectivity of the particles was determined. Particles having fewer than six fibers (partially fibered) were found to have a decreased probability of infection. Partially fibered particles having T4 fibers were completed by addition of T6 fibers, and the infectivity was determined on a host that lacked the T6 tail fiber receptor. Attachment of the additional fibers increased the infectivity even though the T6 fibers could not bind to the host cell. The infectivity of particles having mixtures of T4 and T6 fibers was determined on cells having only one type of receptor. The results indicated that particles bound by only three fibers have a low probability of infection. The effect of thermolabile baseplate mutations was also examined. Studies of partially fibered particles and particles with mixtures of fibers indicated that particles with altered baseplates have a less stringent requirement for binding of the tail fibers for infection.     

B淋巴细胞在多向造血祖细胞生长中的地位

小鼠骨髓细胞在体外培养中,加入用流式自由电泳法分离所得的高纯度正常B淋巴细胞,可使多向祖细胞(CFU-mix)集落增加至5倍;加入小鼠B淋巴瘤细胞株的条件培基(M_(12.4.1)-CM)时,CFU-mix数也可增加至4倍。单集落形态学分析结果表明M_(12.4.1)-CM可加强CFU-GEMm及p-BFU-E等早期造血祖细胞的增殖与分化。小鼠高纯度B细胞样品在体外培养中加入1000 rad照射的骨髓细胞可出现CFU-mix集落,如果再加入适量的小鼠肺条件培基,则CFU-mix数量比对照大15倍,其集落性质为CFU-GEMm,GMm及p-BFU-E。在此培养中加不同稀释度抗小鼠IgM血清,结果CFU-mix的产率与抗IgM血清的浓度成直线反比关系,当加入1:10抗小鼠IgM血清时,CFU-mix为0。作者假设在一定培养条件下,IgM阳性的部分B细胞可返祖转化为CFU-mix。     

Differential scanning calorimetry studies of some analogs for the lipid component of biological membranes

The melting behavior of members of newly synthesized series of rac-1,2-diglycerides with substituted phenyl groups or a benzyl group on the 3-position was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Solution crystallized samples had single melting temperatures, higher than those of the quenched or annealed specimens. Quenched samples exhibited polymorphic behavior; some melted and recrystallized during slow heating. This behavior is similar to that of lecithins and suggests that X-ray diffraction studies of the substituted diglycerides may be useful for understanding membrane structure and functions.     

绿竹笋及幼竹的生长动态

本研究通过绿竹生态最适宜区福建福安的绿竹造林试验,分析绿竹笋及幼竹生长动态,得出不同时期的绿竹发笋比率及单个笋重情况,并对绿竹幼竹萌发至长成的过程进行分析,比较河滩冲积地新造绿竹林各年度新竹生长的变化规律,为绿竹林资产评估提供依据。     

Effects of 2-formylpyridine monothiosemicarbazonato copper II on red cell components

2-Formylpyridine monothiosemicarbazonato copper II (CuL⁺) is readily taken up by red cells and is initially bound to glutathione and hemoglobin. Glutathione was depleted within 5 hr of incubation, presumably by oxidation mediated by CuL⁺ and O₂ with concomittant generation of toxic oxygen species. Cupric ion was slowly transferred from CuL⁺ to hemoglobin within about 7 hr, and hemoglobin was oxidized until the major form prevailing after 10 hr was α₂β₂⁺. Little increase in hemolysis due to addition of CuL⁺ dissolved in the radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide was observed with prolonged incubation. Strong inhibition of red cell hexokinase by CuL⁺ was observed when the enzymes in red cell lysates and hemoglobin-free red cell lysates were examined. CuL⁺ was also an effective inhibitor of yeast hexokinase. However, the inhibitory effect of CuL ⁺ within the red cells was less pronounced. It is suggested that even though intracellular accumulation of CuL ⁺ creates an oxidizing environment and is potentially capable of inhibiting thiol enzymes such as hexokinase, protective effects are exerted in the red cell by the presence of hemoglobin, of radical scavengers, and of high levels of enzymes that detoxify toxic oxygen species. Address reprint requests to Dr. W.E. Antholine, Department of Radiology, or Dr. F. Taketa, Department of Bio     

Genetic fine structure of the glucosyltransferase gene of bacteriophage T2

14 mutants of T2, which carried mutations in the gene coding for glucosyltransferase, were isolated. Although ambers were not selected for, six mutants appeared to be of the amber type. These mutants, as well as another twelve, 5 missense and 7 amber, were located and a genetic map was constructed. The amber and non-amber mutations were not equally distributed over the gt gene. The part transcribed first carried mainly amber mutations; the tail part contained only non-amber mutations. A possible relation between the non-random location of the two kinds of mutation and functional differences within the enzyme is discussed. No intragenic complementation could be demonstrated. The recombination frequencies of amgt mutants are reduced to about two-thirds if crosses are performed under conditions where the DNA of the mutants remains unglucosylated.