省沽油科叶解剖结构的分类学意义

本文对国产省沽油科 Staphyleaceae 4属植物叶的解剖结构进行了详细的比较研究。结果表明, 叶解剖结构特征在属间的区别较明显, 特别是瘿椒树属 Tapiscia 有着几乎与其他三属截然不同的独特性状。根据已有的孢粉学, 花、节及木材的解剖等方面的资料, 我们支持Тахтаджян(1987)将瘿椒树亚科分出而建立瘿椒树科 Tapisciaceae 的观点。瘿椒树属为我国特有属, 根据我们对采自不同产地的材料观察, 居群间的差异很小, 其可能仍为一单种属。     

旌节花科与省沽油科花粉形态的研究

对旌节花科和省沽油科 4属 13种花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜的观察 ,其中有些种是第一次观察或报道。这两个科的花粉为近球形到球形 ,3孔沟 (省沽油科银鹊树属TapisciaOliv花粉除外 ,为 3沟 )。它们的花粉大小和外壁纹饰有一定差异。旌节花科花粉相对较小 ,一般为 18～ 2 8 2× 17 5～ 2 6 5 μm ,外壁表面为穴状纹饰。省沽油科花粉较大 ,为 2 8～ 4 0× 2 8 5～4 0 5 μm (银鹊树属花粉只有 13 5～ 17 9× 12 5～ 18μm) ,外壁表面为细网状纹饰。这两个科的花粉特征在某种程度上具有一定的相似性 ,故就孢粉学而言它们具有颇为密切的关系     

中国植物志、Flora of China和维管植物新系统中科的比较

《中国植物志》和“Flora of China”是目前世界上最大型、记录植物种类最多的植物志,它为有效保护和合理利用我国的植物资源提供了极为重要的基础信息和科学依据。近年来,基于分子系统学研究提出的APG系统被广泛接受,相应方法得到的系统也相继应用于整个维管植物中。以APG系统为代表的维管植物新系统为全面和系统地修订植物志提供了新的系统框架。本文依据最新的分子系统学“线性排列”成果与《中国植物志》和“Flora of China”在科级水平上进行对比,确定了以APG系统为代表的分子系统框架下中国维管植物为309科,其中石松类和蕨类植物38科,裸子植物10科和被子植物261科。尽管中国维管植物不少科的界限发生了较大的变化,其总数却变化不大,在《中国植物志》中为300科,“Flora of China”为309科。此外,还重点介绍了一些主要科的变动情况。     

中英文版《中国植物志(夹竹桃科)》的比较

本文将中文版的《中国植物志·第６３卷（夹竹桃科）》（１９７７）与英文版的《中国植物志·第１６卷（夹竹桃科）》（１９９５）进行对照比较,报道了两专著中植物分类群学名和分类位置的变动以及收载种类的增减等情况,以资正确鉴定应用。     

试论东亚被子植物区系的历史成分和第三纪源头——基于省沽油科、刺参科和忍冬科植物地理的研究

虽然在历史植物地理学文献中常见的有5种区系成分;地理成分、发生成分、迁移成分、历史成分和生态成分,但由于缺乏古地理、古气候和古植物资料,当前要全面分析一个区系中所有5种成分是不可能的。本文是基于省沽油科、刺参科和忍冬科植物研究的结果,企图分析东亚植物区系的历史成分,从一个侧面看到它的演变过程。除去本地产生的鬼吹箫属和六道木属之外,凡以上3科在东亚有分布的属,按其历史成分,可归为3类;北方第三纪成分——忍冬属、猬实属、锦带花属和莛子？属;提特斯第三纪成分-刺参属、刺续断属、蓟叶参属、野鸦椿属、毛核木属、糯米条属、北极花属、双盾木属和七子花属;北热带成分- 山香圆属、省沽油属和瘿椒树属。本文所指北方第三纪植物群和提特斯第三纪植物群是采用Takhtajan的概念,而北热带植物群是采用Wolfe的概念。这3种成分意味着东亚被子植物区系在演变过程中有3个第三纪源头。本文作者还认为中新世在东亚植物区系中似可作为区分被子植物“新特有属”和“古特有属”的一个分界期。大凡起源于中新世以前的属可视为“古特有属”,起源于中新世及其后的可归为“新特有属”。这个假设是基于下列理由：(1)东亚植物区系的主体部分形成于早中新世;(2)在中新世,植物长距离的传播基本停止,现在植物区系区划中的“区”(region),其迅速分化和丰富其多样性主要依靠本地产生的特有类群;(3)从中新世至上新世,喜马拉雅运动加剧,不仅改变了我国的地形,而且全面地影响了我国的自然地理环境。     

《中国植物志》(英文版)竹亚科青篱竹属和新小竹属的修订

基于最近的分子系统学研究、近期发表的新类群以及国际植物命名法规的相关条款,对《中国植物志》 （英文版）竹亚科的两个属进行了修订。中国是否有青篱竹属 (Arundinaria)的分布一直是个争论不休的问题。分子系统学不支持广义青篱竹属,因此原置于青篱竹属下的4个种应恢复到巴山木竹属 (Bashania) 中。包括近期发表的新类群在内,巴山木竹属在中国共有10种。西藏新小竹 (Neomicrocalamus microphyllus)是一个没有合格发表的裸名,其正确名称应为新小竹 (N.prainii),而云南新小竹（N.yunnanensis）则可能是梨籐竹属的成员。     

《中国植物志》增补：白玉Zan科

作为即将完成的《中国植物志》的补充 ,描述了白玉簪科、白玉簪属以及中华白玉簪 ,并扼要地讨论了该科已知的 3个属的区别特征及其地理分布状况。     

《中国植物志》英文版发布

——历时25年为世界最大英文版植物志据9月23日召开的中国植物多样性与保护国际研讨会透露,由中国科学院主持的重大国际合作项目FloraofChina（《中国植物志》英文修订版）,前后历时25年的编撰,已于今年9月全部完成并出版。     

雄全异株植物瘿椒树(省沽油科)的传粉生物学

从开花动态、传粉昆虫、花的形态结构、繁育系统、花粉活力和柱头可授性等方面研究了我国特有珍稀植物瘿椒树(Tapiscia sinensis Oliv.)的传粉生物学特性。瘿椒树是典型的雄全异株植物,两性花中含有功能性花粉,且自交亲和,但雄花花粉活力和萌发力是两性花的10倍以上。雄株和两性植株具有相同开花物候期,花期均为5月下旬至6月上旬,单花期为4-5天,雄花和两性花的5枚花药开裂的不同步性明显延长了散粉时间。两性花雌蕊先熟,柱头可授性较长。具有适应风媒和虫媒传粉的花部特征。传粉昆虫主要为蜜蜂科(Apidae)和食蚜蝇科(Syrphidae)昆虫,访花高峰期为8:30-10:30。维持瘿椒树雄全异株的可能机制是:雄株总体上增加了异交花粉的数量和质量;两性花的雄蕊为该物种提供了繁殖保障,同时为传粉者提供了报酬。     

关于《中国植物志》杜鹃花属部分〖HJ*3〗〖HJ*2〗名称原始文献引用的讨论

就《中国植物志》57(1)和57(2)杜鹃花属部分种类(名称)原始文献的引证进行了修证。     

关于《中国植物志》中鹿药(百合科)花特征的纠正

根据野外调查,同时结合文献分析,指出《中国植物志》和Flora of China中关于百合科(Liliaceae)鹿药花部特征描述存在的问题,并提出修改建议。此外,对其学名进行了简要讨论。     

石松类和蕨类植物的主要分类系统的科属比较

石松类和蕨类植物在秦仁昌（1978）系统、《中国蕨类植物科属志》、《中国植物志》、Christenhusz维管植物线性排列系统中和“FloraofChina”的科属组成、数量存在很大差异。秦仁昌（1978）系统收录63科223属,《中国蕨类植物科属志》63科226属,《中国植物志》61科220属、Chnstenhusz线性排列系统38科163属和“FloraofChina”38科177属。本文通过比较石松类和蕨类植物的几个主要分类系统中科属的变动情况,拟为新一代植物志（iFlora）中石松类和蕨类植物的编研提供依据。同时,还指出了几个主要的分类系统中关于中文名、拉丁名以及命名人的不一致和错误．为进一步研究提供检索和鉴定参考。     

Addition to the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae: the family Corsiaceae

The family Corsiaceae, together with the newly described genus Corsiopsis and its only species, C. chinensis, is described as an addition to the nearly-finishing Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. The classification and distribution of the family are also discussed.     

交互式检索表提升分类学研究与应用效率:以兰科植物为例

与传统的连续检索表相比,基于计算机等数字终端的多通道交互式检索表具有很多优势,如易于携带、实时更新、界面直观、使用方便、用户广泛、产生新数据集且便于研究以及能够推动分类学知识的普及等。本文以兰科植物为例介绍了交互式检索表的特点、程序建立和应用。兰科植物是生物多样性保育的旗舰类群,具有很强的观赏和药用价值,但中国兰科植物种类繁多,分类困难。我们在自主研发交互式检索表软件MagIden的基础上,以《中国植物志》和Flora of China的描述为依据,制作了中国兰科植物交互式电子检索表,为分类学研究者和爱好者提供了一个新的、鉴定中国兰科植物的中英文双语工具;同时,交互式检索表生成的MVSP和Bayes形态特征数据集可用于聚类分析和分支分类学研究。交互式检索表在数据积累、更新和分析利用等方面具有独特的优势,是提高传统植物分类学研究与应用效率的重要工具。     

上海大金山岛种子植物区系的研究

上海大金山岛共有野生种子植物61科110属145种。植物区系组成复杂,地理成分多样;在区系组成,性质和发生上,与同纬度的天目山植物区系相比具有很大的相似性,表现出与大陆植物区系极为密切的关系。并以滨海植物区系丰富,广布性成分增多,热带亲缘特征明显等为特色。     

Observations on the Flora and Vegetation of Taibai Shan,Qinling Mountain Range,Southern Shaanxi,China

Taibai Shan Mountain is generally known as “The highest mountain in the Qinling Mountain Range.” It is situated between 33°40' and 34°10'N latitude and 107°19' and 107°58'E longitude in southern Shaanxi Province. The area is deeply cut on all sides by four, V-shaped valleys, which gives the landscape a steep topography. The highest peak is about 3767 m above sea level, and the relative elevation of the whole Taibai Mountain area ranges from 1000 to 2200 m. Five chief soil types have been described in this region and are vertically distributed as follows: 1) Ochric castanozom, below 1000 m; 2) Brown forest soil, 1000-1500 m; 3) Podzolic brown earth, 1500-2800 m; 4) Podzolic soil, 2800-3000 m; 5) Alpine meadow soil, above 3000 m. Fu (1982) in an analysis of the Taibai Shan mountain area's summer climate, and in comparing temperatures on the north and south sides, described higher maximum temperatures at low elevations on the south, but lower temperatures at high elevations on the north. Rainfall is much higher on the south. The rugged topography of the Taibai Shan Range still preserves some tracts of natural er semi-natural vegetation at higher elevations. Our vegetational survey was confined to localities above 1300 m, whereas collecting specimens for documenting the flora extended over the whole area from the foothills ro the peak. On the basic of these floristic, vegetational and environmental studies in the Taibai Shan Mountain we are now able to draw some conclusions on the nature and relationships of the interesting flora and vegetation, and to discuss to some extent the phytogeography of an important segment of the Chinese flora. 1. Survey of large families of angiosperms. There are twenty large families of flowering plants in the Taibai Shan Mountain of Qinling Range (Table 1). The largest families are the Asteraceae (175 species), Poaceae (123 species) and Rosaceae (124 species). The Rosaceae is a major family in this region, and species in the family are characteristic members of the flora and vegetation of the temperate zone in China. Both Asteraceae and Poaceae are also frequently found in forests and elsewhere in this region. There are three families with 60 to 90 species; three families with 50-60 species; three families with 40-50 species and eight families with 20-40 species. These families combined contain 1186 species, including 655 endemic to China, making up 66.6% of the total flora, and play an important role in shaping the characteristics of the forests of the Taibai Shan Mountain. All these large families are temperate in nature. 2. Relationships of the Taibai Shan flora with others The Taibai Shan Mountain of the Qinling Range is very rich in genera (657) and species (1782) of flowering plants. Based on their geographical distribution, the genera of flowering plants in the Taibai Shan Mountain are classified into 15 distribution types (Table 2). In accordance with our analysis of all of the distribution types it is reasonable to conclude that: among the native genera in the flora of Taibai Shan,130 containing 242 species (22.1%) are tropical, 436 containing 1186 species (73.8%) are temperate and 24 (4.1%) are endemic to China. From these figures the flora of Taibai Shan can be thought of as composed of temperate elements. To determine the floristic affinities of the area with others within China, nine mountain regions were selected for a comparison (Table 5). Based on the worldwide distribution of genera in the ten mountain regions, 15 distribution patterns can be recognized (Table 4). A comparison of the similarities among the ten mountainous regions in China, based on the distribution of genera, shows that the floristic affinities of the Taibai Shan are first with the Daqing Shan in northern China and the Shennongjia region in central China, and secondly with the Jinfo shan, the Fanjing Shan, the Yulongxue Shah and the Nanjiabawa Mountain in southwestern China. 3. The structure and vertical distribution of communities in the Taibai Shan Mountain. The diagrammatic structures of the chief plant communities in the Taibai Shan Mountain are given in Fig. 8.1-8.6. All of the dominant species, except Betula utilis, are endemic to China. The distributional areas of some of dominant species overlap in the Qinling Mountain Range (Fig. 2 and 3). On the basis of floristic composition and the coefficients of similarity between narrow belts of vegetation (Tables 7 and 8), the vertical distributions of the plant communities on different slopes are shown as follows: Northern slope: 1) Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata forests (below 1800 m); 2) Quercus liaotungensis forests (1800-2200 m); 3) Betula albo-sinensis forests (2200-2800 m); 4) Abies fargesii forests (2800-3000 m); 5) L.arix chinensis forests (3000-3400 m); and 6) subalpine scrub (above 3400 m). Southern slope: 1) Quercus variabilis forests (below 1500m); 2) Ouercus aliena var. acutiserrata forests (1500-2000 m); 3) Betula utilis forests (2000-2500 m); 4) Abies fargesii forests (2500-3000 m); 5) Larix chinensis forests (3000-3400 m); and 6). subalpine scrub (above 3400 m). 4. Species diversity along gradients of elevation. In terrestrial habitats, variation in species diversity along gradients of elevation and available soil moisture are, generally speaking, almost as striking as latitudinal variation. Variation in the diversity of species of trees, shrubs and herbs with changes in elevation in the Taibai Shan Mountain of the Qinling Range is discussed. The number of tree species declines with increasing elevation, but the diversity of shrubs, and especially the herbaceous species, reaches the greatest richness at intermediate elevations in the Taibai Shan Mountain (Fig. 9). Whittaker (1960, 1977) has reported a similar pattern on temperate mountains in the United States. 5. Analysis of life-form spectra. A comparison of life-form spectra in the vegetation between the southern and northern slopes shows that the five principal classes of life-forms on the southern slope (Fig. 8. b) are very similar to those on the northern slope (Fig. 8. c). The correlation of life-form spectrum with altitude (Table 9) reveals a significant trend; a steady decrease of phanerophytes, but conversely increase of therophytes with altitude. In Table 10 is a series of spectra for certain community types in different regions. Here we see that the temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests of the Taibai Shan Mountains, Changbai Shan mountains, Beijing area in northern China and in the Appalachian region in eastern North America have very similar life-form spectra. In another case the evergreen broad-leaved forests of the Jinyuy Shan and Wuyanling mountains in southeastern China have strikingly similar life-form spectra. 6. Diels (1901, 1905) was the first botanist to recognize the Qinling Mountain Range as a botanical boundary between southern and northern China, a division also recognized by geographers. Since the 1960's most Chinese botanists have believed that the Qinling Mountain Range, together with Huai He River, forms a natural botanical divide between subtropical and temperate regions. From a floristic and phytogeographical viewpoint, however, it seems that this opinion is in need of reconsideration. As mentioned above, an analysis of genera and species pretty clearly indicates that the flora of the Taibai Shan Mountains is temperate in composition. Furthermore, all of the plant communities in this region are deciduous broad leaved forests or subalpine coniferous forests. On the other hand, the annual accumulated temperature, the average temperature in the coldest month and the annual mean temperature of the whole Tabai Shan Mountains exhibit the characteristics of a temperate climate. Thus it is clear that the Qinling mountain range, together with the Huai He River, can be credited as being a natural botanical divide between the warm temperate and temperate regions ofChina. 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