响应面法优选猕猴桃果粉的喷雾干燥工艺条件

用响应面法对猕猴桃果粉的喷雾干燥工艺进行优化。选取料液固形物含量、进风温度、进料速度为响应因子,采用Box-Behnken法设计试验,以感官指标为响应值,通过SAS统计软件进行方差分析和回归分析,得到的最优喷雾干燥工艺为：料液固形物含量30%、进料速度7.6r/min、进风温度140℃。     

喷雾干燥制备高纯α-亚麻酸微胶囊研究

本文采用喷雾干燥法制备高纯α-亚麻酸为芯材、亚麻籽胶为壁材的微胶囊,并以微胶囊化效率和含油率为指标,考察了制备工艺.结果表明,最佳微胶囊原料配方为:芯材与壁材的比例为(m/m)3∶2,料液浓度为5％,进料温度为20℃;最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件:进风温度为180℃,出风温度为80℃,雾化器转速21000 rpm,进料速度为42.01 mL/min.在此工艺条件下亚麻酸的微胶囊化效率为96.18％,含油率为60.09％.     

鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的制备工艺及其特性

【目的】优化鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的制备工艺,并观察其特性。【方法】以明胶为壁材,采用单因素法,考察了明胶浓度、进风温度、进料速度、空气流量等因素对解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊有效含菌量的影响,并进一步通过正交试验设计优化制备解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的喷雾干燥工艺参数,观察其微胶囊颗粒形态以及对人工模拟胃液和肠液的耐受力。【结果】解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊喷雾干燥的最佳制备工艺条件为:明胶浓度为3%,进风温度为155°C,进料速度为8 mL/min,空气流量为700 L/h,各因素对其喷雾干燥工艺的影响程度为:明胶浓度进料速度空气流量进风温度。此外,解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的颗粒呈球形,表面有凹陷,但没有孔和裂纹,颗粒粒径分布基本均匀,平均大小为9.22μm,对人工模拟胃液和肠液具有较好的耐受力,对鲟源嗜水气单胞菌具有良好的生长抑制效果。【结论】本研究结果为鲟源嗜水气单胞菌拮抗解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的工业化生产奠定了基础。     

喷雾干燥条件对经TGase处理后蛋清粉凝胶性的影响

鸡蛋清中含有丰富的蛋白质,其消化率高达98％,而且鸡蛋清中的氨基酸组成与人体氨基酸组成模式接近,因此,鸡蛋清具有较高的营养价值和工业价值,常被加工成蛋清粉用作特殊人群的营养补充剂以及食品添加剂.但现有加工方法对蛋清粉中的蛋白质具有较大的破坏,使蛋清中所含蛋白质发生部分变性而导致其功能性质下降.因此,本实验在蛋清液中添加谷氨酰转氨酶(TGase)进行交联反应,再经过喷雾干燥得到蛋清粉,测定所得蛋清粉凝胶强度,通过单因素实验和响应面实验筛选凝胶性能较高的喷雾干燥条件.方差分析结果表明:回归模型较好地反应了蛋清粉凝胶性与喷雾干燥进风温度、进料速率和蛋清液稀释度之间的关系;其最佳工艺条件为:喷雾干燥进风温度、进料速率和稀释度分别为172.33℃,26.58％ (7.442 mL/min),28.44％,此干燥条件下得到的蛋清粉的凝胶硬度为(847.852±7.256)g.回归模型的预测值与实测值的相对误差＜1％,该回归方程与实际情况拟合较好.     

响应面法优化提取宽叶独行菜总黄酮工艺研究

研究了乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、液料比对超声辅助提取宽叶独行菜总黄酮提取率的影响。采用Box-Bohnken试验响应面分析法优化提取工艺。结果表明最佳提取条件:乙醇浓度75%,提取时间89 min,液料比22.5 mL/g,提取温度79℃,所得的总黄酮提取量为36.5 mg/g。本试验为更好的开发利用宽叶独行菜资源提供一定科学依据。     

紫淮山全粉喷雾冷冻干燥工艺及其特性研究

制备高品质的紫淮山全粉,有利于拓宽紫淮山的消费途径和提升产品价值。本文考察了固液比、进料流量和冻结温度对紫淮山全粉水分含量、溶解度和花色苷含量的影响,通过四因素三水平正交试验,优化了紫淮山全粉喷雾冷冻干燥工艺,并对热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、喷雾冷冻干燥这4种干燥方式制备的紫淮山全粉理化特性和抗氧化能力进行了比较。结果表明,紫淮山冷冻喷雾干燥的最佳工艺条件为进料流量25 mL/min、固液比1∶1、冻结温度-30℃,在此条件下得到的紫淮山全粉水分含量为3. 89%、溶解度为23. 12%、花色苷含量为13. 28 mg/100 g。干燥方式对紫淮山全粉的物理性质、营养成分、活性成分和抗氧化能力的影响显著。     

芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉的制备及稳定性研究

目的:利用喷雾干燥工艺制备芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉,并研究菌粉的活性及稳定性。方法:以脱脂乳、海藻糖、β-环糊精和谷氨酸钠为保护剂,采用喷雾干燥(条件为:进口温度100℃,出口温度50～60℃,进样速度2～4mL/min)制备芽孢杆菌菌粉,以喷干存活率和菌粉活菌数为指标,选择最佳制备条件。结果:获得喷干保护剂配方为脱脂乳10.0%、海藻糖6.0%、β-环糊精13.0%、谷氨酸钠15.0%,喷干存活率为65.9%,菌粉活菌数为1.38×109CFU/g,存放180 d后菌粉活菌数为1.03×10~9CFU/g。结论:喷雾干燥工艺可以用于芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉的制备,获得的菌粉稳定性较好。     

响应面优化回流提取桂花不同品种种子油工艺及脂肪酸组成分析

为优选桂花不同品种种子油的提取工艺及分析其脂肪酸组成,本文运用响应面法对桂花种子油的回流提取工艺进行优化,并利用GC-MS法测定桂花种子油的脂肪酸组成,同时还考察了桂花种子油的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,桂花四大品种种子油的最佳提取工艺分别为金桂:回流时间72. 0 min、温度80. 0℃、料液比1∶13mL/g;银桂:回流时间120 min、温度80. 0℃、料液比1∶12 mL/g;丹桂:回流时间60. 0 min、温度70. 0℃、料液比1∶13 mL/g;四季桂:回流时间71. 0 min、温度71. 0℃、料液比1∶13 mL/g。在上述条件下,桂花四大品种种子油的提取率分别为15. 0%、17. 8%、18. 0%和16. 0%。进一步的GC-MS检测发现丹桂和银桂种子油中不饱和脂肪酸可达96. 0%以上,且主要以油酸和亚油酸为主。体外抗氧化活性结果显示,当质量浓度为5μg/mL时,桂花种子油对DPPH的清除率均大于79. 0%。上述研究结果为桂花种子这种农业废弃资源的再利用和开发提供了参考。     

喷雾干燥β-胡萝卜素微胶囊化工艺研究

β-胡萝卜素是所有类胡萝卜素中含量最多、生物活性最大和研究最多的一种。但它极不稳定,易氧化变质而失去生理活性。本文采用微胶囊技术,选用明胶与蔗糖作为复合壁材,对β-胡萝卜素进行喷雾干燥微胶囊化,探讨其主要工艺参数。通过单因素分析、正交实验等得出了最佳工艺条件为壁材中明胶与蔗糖的比例为3：17,喷雾干燥进风温度190℃,喷雾压力0．1MP,进料速度为5mL/min.     

桔梗方提取液喷雾干燥工艺优选

本文采用喷雾干燥法优化桔梗方提取液的喷雾干燥工艺条件。以喷干粉物料状态、出粉率和含水率为指标,通过单因素试验确定喷雾干燥影响因素;以喷干粉出粉率、桔梗总皂苷含量和含水率为指标,选取进料量、进风口温度、空气流量为考察因素,采用正交试验法优选桔梗方提取液的喷雾干燥工艺。结果表明,优选的喷雾干燥工艺为进料量25%,进风口温度180℃,空气流量700 H/L,提取液相对密度1.07(25℃)。该优选工艺合理、稳定,可为桔梗方的工业化生产提供实验依据。     

Statistical modeling of protein spray drying at the lab scale

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of formulation and process variables on particle size and other characteristics of a spray-dried model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), using a partial factorial design for experiments. Formulation variables tested include concentration and zinc:protein complexation ratio. Process variables explored were inlet temperature, liquid feed rate, drying air flow rate, and atomizing nitrogen pressure on a lab-scale spray dryer. Statistical data analysis was used to determine F ratios for each of the inputs, which provided a means of ranking the importance of variables relative to one another for each powder characteristic of interest. It was found that protein concentration and atomizing nitrogen pressure had the greatest effects on the particle size of the protein powder. For determining product yield, results showed that protein concentration was the critical variable. Finally, the outlet temperature was mostly influenced by inlet temperature and liquid feed rate. Mathematical models based on these input-output relationships were constructed; these models provide insight into some of the controllable variables of the spray-drying process. Published: March 20, 2002     

Effect of Operating Parameters on the Spray Drying of Tomato Paste

The production of tomato powder from tomato paste using the spray drying technique has been investigated in this work. The influence of a number of process variables, namely, feed total solids, feed flow rate, feed temperature, air temperature, air flow rate, and starch addition on the physical properties of spray‐dried tomato powder was investigated. The product properties studied were total solids, average particle diameter, bulk density, and solubility. The increase in the feed total solids increased tomato powder total solids, particle size and bulk density and decreased its solubility, while the increase in the feed flow rate decreased tomato powder total solids and solubility, and increased the average particle size and bulk density.     

Optimization of spray-drying conditions for the large-scale preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis after downstream processing

Reduction of water activity in the formulations of mosquito biocontrol agent, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis is very important for long term and successful storage. A protocol for spray drying of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis was developed through optimizing parameters such as inlet temperature and atomization type. A indigenous isolate of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (VCRC B-17) was dried by freeze and spray drying methods and the moisture content and mosquito larvicidal activity of materials produced by the two methods were compared. The larvicidal activity was checked against early fourth instars Aedes aegypti larvae. Results showed that the freeze-dried powders retained the larvicidal activity fairly well. The spray-dried powder moderately lost its larvicidal activity at different inlet temperatures. Between the two types of atomization, centrifugal atomization retained more activity than the nozzle type atomization. Optimum inlet temperature for both centrifugal and nozzle atomization was 160 degrees C. Keeping the outlet temperature constant at 70 degrees C the moisture contents for the spray-dried powders through centrifugal atomization and freeze-dried powders were 10.23% and 11.80%, respectively. The LC(50) values for the spray-dried and freeze-dried powders were 17.42 and 16.18 ng/mL, respectively. Spore count of materials before drying was 3 x 10(10) cfu/mL and after spray drying through nozzle and centrifugal atomization at inlet and outlet temperature of 160 degrees C/70 degrees C were 2.6 x 10(9) and 5.0 x 10(9) cfu/mL, respectively.     

响应面法优化火麻仁油微胶囊喷雾干燥工艺的研究

为了制备包埋率高、稳定性好的火麻仁油微胶囊,拓展其在食品领域的应用范围,以火麻仁油为芯材、单双脂肪酸甘油酯为乳化剂、酪蛋白酸钠为壁材、固体玉米糖浆为填充剂、柠檬酸钠为缓冲盐、抗坏血酸棕榈酸钠为抗氧化剂,通过喷雾干燥法制备60%载油率的火麻仁油微胶囊,以微胶囊包埋率为响应值,在单因素实验的基础上,以干物浓度、进风温度、出风温度为实验因素,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法进行优化。随后通过扫描电镜观察火麻仁油微胶囊表面形态结构,以确定包埋效果。并利用油脂氧化分析仪检测火麻仁油微胶囊的氧化稳定性。研究确定微胶囊的最佳工艺条件为：干物浓度42%、进风温度168 ℃、出风温度74 ℃,在此条件下制备得到的火麻仁油微胶囊包埋率可达92.15%。通过扫描电镜观察到火麻仁油微胶囊表面圆滑无裂痕,表明火麻仁油微胶囊包埋效果比较理想。经油脂氧化分析仪测定,与对照组（火麻仁油）相比,试验组（火麻仁油微胶囊）的氧化诱导期时间较长,能够达到30 h以上,说明通过对火麻仁油进行微胶囊包埋可以较大程度地提高油脂的稳定性。研究结果为火麻仁油在食品工业领域的开发和应用提供了理论支持。     

A Statistical Approach to Optimize the Spray Drying of Starch Particles: Application to Dry Powder Coating

This article describes the preparation of starch particles, by spray drying, for possible application to a dry powder coating process. Dry powder coating consists of spraying a fine powder and a plasticizer on particles. The efficiency of the coating is linked to the powder morphological and dimensional characteristics. Different experimental parameters of the spray-drying process were analyzed, including type of solvent, starch concentration, rate of polymer feeding, pressure of the atomizing air, drying air flow, and temperature of drying air. An optimization and screening of the experimental parameters by a design of the experiment (DOE) approach have been done. Finally, the produced spray-dried starch particles were conveniently tested in a dry coating process, in comparison to the commercial initial starch. The obtained results, in terms of coating efficiency, demonstrated that the spray-dried particles led to a sharp increase of coating efficiency value.     

Konjac glucomannan hydrolysate: A potential natural coating material for bioactive compounds in spray drying encapsulation

This research aimed to develop a suitable coating material for encapsulating a plant bioactive compound via spray drying. A suitable process for modifying the rheological property of konjac glucomannan (KGM) solution by enzymatic treatment was developed. A plant bioactive compound, andrographolide, was selected to use as core material. Mannanase (1500 units of enzyme) was used in the treatment of KGM solution. The concentration of KGM solution was varied from 9 to 18% (w/w). It was found that 12% (w/w) was the optimum KGM concentration that could be hydrolyzed to a viscosity of <100 mPa·s. HPLC analysis of hydrolyzed solution found a fair amount of DP4–DP7 oligosaccharides (where DP is degree of polymerization) were obtained. The solution was then used as coating material in spray drying with inlet air temperature of 170°C and outlet air temperature of 85°C. It was found that 12% (w/w) konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH) was suitable for coating 2% (w/w) andrographolide. Its efficiency of encapsulation was also higher than that of KGMH combined with gamma‐cyclodextrin or beta‐cyclodextrin. This study revealed a great potential of using KGMH solution for pharmaceutical and food industries in the spray drying encapsulation process.     

Fluid bed drying of guarana (Paullinia cupana HBK) extract: Effect of process factors on caffeine content

The aim of this study was to study the convective drying of the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from powdered guarana seeds in a spouted bed dryer. The influence of process variables, such as the convective airflow rate, extract feed rate, and air inlet temperature, on the quality of the dry extract was determined using the caffeine and moisture content for the process evaluation. The caffeine content in the alcoholic and dried extracts was determined by capillary gas chromatography. The experiments were performed following a 3³ factorial design and the data analyzed by response surface. The analysis of dry extract showed that the air and extract feed rates did not significantly affect (25% level) the caffeine content, but that drying temperature is a major factor to consider when the extract is submitted to fluid bed drying. Caffeine losses were significant (1% level) for drying temperatures above 120°C, while moisture content was lower than 3% for temperatures above 120°C. The data showed that there is an optimum temperature for the drying of guarana extracts in spouted beds, and under the conditions used in this study it was 120°C.     

Quality characteristic of spray-drying egg white powders

Spray drying is a useful method for developing egg process and utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects on spray drying condition of egg white. The optimized conditions were spraying flow 22 mL/min, feeding temperature 39.8 °C and inlet-air temperature 178.2 °C. Results of sulfydryl (SH) groups measurement indicated conformation structure have changed resulting in protein molecule occur S–S crosslinking phenomenon when heating. It led to free SH content decreased during spray drying process. There was almost no change of differential scanning calorimetry between fresh egg white and spray-drying egg white powder (EWP). For a given protein, the apparent SH reactivity is in turn influenced by the physico-chemical characteristics of the reactant. The phenomenon illustrated the thermal denaturation of these proteins was unrelated to their free SH contents. Color measurement was used to study browning level. EWP in optimized conditions revealed insignificant brown stain. Swelling capacity and scanning electron micrograph both proved well quality characteristic of spray-drying EWP. Results suggested spray drying under the optimized conditions present suitable and alternative method for egg processing industrial implementation. Egg food industrialization needs new drying method to extend shelf-life. The purpose of the study was to provide optimal process of healthy and nutritional instant spray-drying EWP and study quality characteristic of spray-drying EWP.     

Spray-drying performance of a bench-top spray dryer for protein aerosol powder preparation

The objective of this work was to improve a bench-top spray dryer's efficiency in both production recovery and throughput for preparing protein aerosol powders. A Büchi mini-spray dryer was used to prepare the powders of recombinant humanized anti-IgE antibody. The resulting powder's physical properties such as particle size, residual moisture, and morphology, along with its recovery and production rate was the basis of this development work. Mass balance suggests that approximately 10-20% of powder was lost in the exhaust air, consisting primarily of particles less than 2 micrometer. Also, significant loss (20-30%) occurred in the cyclone. Attempts were made to improve product recovery in the receiving vessel using dual-cyclone configurations, different cyclone designs, cyclones with anti-static treatment, and different receiver designs. System modifications such as replacing the original bag-filter unit with a vacuum system effectively reduced drying air flow resistance, allowing the protein to be dried at a lower inlet air temperature and the production scale to be increased. We concluded that the modified spray-drying system is advantageous over the original bench-top spray dryer. This improvement will be beneficial to early-stage research and development involving high-valued protein powders.