THE DIET OF THE CURLEW SANDPIPER AT LANGEBAAN LAGOON,SOUTH AFRICA

Puttick, G. M. 1978. The diet of the Curlew Sandpiper at Langebaan Lagoon, South Africa. Ostrich 49:158-167.

Nereid worms (mainly Ceratonereis erythraensis) and the hydrobiid gastropod Assiminea globulus were the most important prey items throughout the year for Curlew Sandpipers Calidris ferruginea feeding at Langebaan Lagoon. Other important items were the amphipod Urothoe grimaldi, the crabs Hymenosoma orbiculare and Cleistostoma edwardsii and dipteran larvae (Stratiomyidae). Immature Curlew Sandpipers took smaller prey items than adult birds. The diet of male and female birds differed in the proportion, sue and range of prey items taken.     

Two new species of Urothoe (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the East Johor Islands Archipelago, Malaysia

Two new species of urothoid amphipods from Pulau Sibu and Pulau Tinggi, Johor are described and illustrated. The specimens of Urothoe sibuensis new species were collected by vertical haul plankton net and is distinctively different from other existing Urothoe species by these combination of special characters; similar gnathopods 1-2 with short and stout propodus expanded into poorly defined palms; large eyes and epimeron 3 smooth. Urothoe tinggiensis new species as collected using an airlift suction sampler at seagrass area is characterized by its different gnathopodal configuration with setose dactylus of 5th pereopod; eyes minute; carpus is wider than merus in the 5th pereopod; subquadrate coxa 4; merus and carpus of pereopods 6-7 are linear.     

Cytotaxonomische Beiträge zurTaraxacum-Flora der Türkei

A new triploid microspecies ofTaraxacum from sect.Erythrocarpa is described:Taraxacum erzincanense Doll. In addition, 2x 3x, and 4x chromosome numbers, pollen conditions and chorological facts are reported for serveral other rare Oriental microspecies.

     

Novel Epibiotic Thiothrix Bacterium on a Marine Amphipod

Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify epibiotic filamentous bacteria living on the marine amphipod crustacean Urothoe poseidonis. The epibionts belong to the gamma proteobacteria and represent a novel marine phylotype within the genus Thiothrix. FISH and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the Thiothrix filaments are present on the majority of the amphipods examined.     

Evolution alpiner Populationen vonEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae): Chromosomenzählungen an diploiden und polyploiden Sippen aus den Ostalpen

Chromosome counts are reported for several E. Alpine taxa ofEuphrasia sect.Euphrasia. First records of diploidy for small-flowered taxa are 2n = 22 forE. inopinata andE. sinuata, related toE. minima (4 x). Aberrant E. AlpineE. hirtella is 2 x, just as the typical W. Alpine populations of this species. Tetraploidy, 2n = 44, has been found inE. pumila, close toE. stricta (also 4 x). The limitation of ploidy levels within sect.Euphrasia to 2 x and 4 x on the chromosome base number x = 11 is confirmed.

     

Physiologische und biochemische Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Gattungen Ankistrodesmus und Scenedesmus

Zusammenfassung Die Arten der Gattungen Ankistrodesmus und Scenedesmus, die sich hinsichtlich Hydrogenase-Aktivität, Bildung von Sekundär-Carotinoiden und Gelatine-Verflüssigung als biochemisch sehr einheitlich erwiesen hatten, zeigen zum Teil beträchtliche Unterschiede in ihrer Säureresistenz (vgl. Tab. 1–4), die somit als taxonomisches Merkmal verwendet werden kann.

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Physiological and biochemical contributions to the taxonomy of the genera Ankistrodesmus and Scenedesmus II. Acid tolerance

Summary Some species of the genera Ankistrodesmus and Scendesmus exhibit pronounced differences in acid tolerance (cf. Tables 1–4), in contrast to their biochemical uniformity in hydrogenase activity, formation of secondary carotenoids, and liquefaction of gelatin. Thus acid tolerance can serve as a taxonomic character in these genera.

     

A method for studying the impact of polluted marine sediments on intertidal colonising organisms; tests with diesel-based drilling mud and tributyltin antifouling paint

This paper describes a novel sediment bioassay which can be used in intertidal mud or sand, thereby exposing a contaminated sediment to a large range of naturally colonising fauna. Natural sediment, in which invertebrates had been killed by freezing, was mixed with diesel-based drilling mud (nominally 1000 mg kg^–1 dry wt as diesel-based-mud equivalents) or particulate tributyltin (TBT) copolymer antifouling paint (nominally 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg TBT kg^–1 dry wt). The contaminated sediments were then re-laid intertidally in trenches lined with polythene mesh.All treatments except 0.1 mg TBT kg^–1 impaired the casting activity of the polychaete, Arenicola marina. Populations of the polychaete, Scoloplos armiger, and the amphipod, Urothoe poseidonis, were reduced in all contaminated treatments, and a dose-response effect of TBT was demonstrated. No clear effects on other groups (e.g. molluscs) were seen.The results showed that this is a useful technique, although further development is required before it can be used routinely.     

Bemerkungen zur Cytologie einiger Arten der GattungSilene (Caryophyllaceae) aus Zentralgriechenland und Kreta

The chromosome numbers of several Greece species of the genusSilene L. from natural habitats are reported for the first time:S. sieberi, S. niederi, S. radicosa subsp.rechingeri, S. oligantha, S. skorpilii, S. schwarzenbergeri andS. fruticulosa. All species are diploid with 2n = 24 chromosomes, including 0, 2 or 4 SAT-chromosomes;S. niederi has B-chromosomes.

     

Polymorphismus der erythrocytären NADH-Diaphorase in der westdeutschen Bevölkerung

Zusammenfassung Bei 1008 unausgewählten nicht verwandten Deutschen aus dem Kölner Raum (564 Frauen und 444 Männer) wurden die Phänotypen der erythrocytären NADH-Diaphorase bestimmt. 991mal wurde der Typ Dia 1-1 nachgewiesen, 4mal Dia 2-1, 1mal Dia 2-2, 5mal Dia 4-1 und 7mal Dia 5-1. Für die westdeutsche Bevölkerung wurden folgende Genfrequenzen geschätzt: Dia ¹=0,9913, Dia ²=0,0025, Dia ⁴=0,0025 und Dia ⁵=0,0035.

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Polymorphism of red cell NADH-diaphorase in western German population

Summary Phenotypes of the red cell NADH-diaphorase were established amongst 1008 non related Germans from the Cologne area (564 females and 444 males). The following NADH-diaphorase types were identified: 991xDia 1-1, 4xDia 2-1, 1xDia 2-2, 5xDia 4-1 and 7xDia 5-1. Concerning the western German population the following gene frequencies were calculated: Dia¹=0.9913, Dia²=0.0025, Dia⁴=0.0025 and Dia⁵=0.0035.

     

Interspezifische Transformationen zwischen Agrobacterium tumefaciens und Rhizobium leguminosarum

Zusammenfassung Als weiterer Beweis für die Transformierbarkeit von Agrobacterium tumefaciens und Rhizobium leguminosarum werden wechselseitige Transformationsversuche durchgeführt und dabei die Resistenz gegen Streptomycin bzw. gegen ein Sulfonamid (Marbadal) als Selektionsmaterial benutzt. Die ermittelten Transformationsraten liegen in der Größenordnung von 4–7 · 10^-6 bzw. 13 bis 16 · 10^-6.

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Interspecific transformations of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium leguminosarum

Summary As further proof for the transformability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium leguminosarum reciprocal transformation assays were performed using the resistence against streptomycin resp. against a sulfonamide (Marbadal) as selection marker. The transformations rates are 4–7×10^-6 resp. 13–16×10^-6.

     

Biométrie des graines et nombres chromosomiques dans la sous-sectionHeterophylla du genreCampanula (Campanulaceae)

Length measurements of seeds belonging to 12 taxa of theCampanula rotundifolia group, including six Pyrenean endemics, prove a certain relation between seed length and ploidy level (2x–4x–6x).

     

Données synchorologiques sur la végétation littorale européenne

Four aspects of the synchorology of plant communites along the European coastline are treated: (1) with examples from sand dunes (Agropyreta and Ammophileta) and salt marshes (Puccinellieta maritimae) synvicariance is elucidated; (2) The increase in synvicariance towards the inner sand dunes is discussed as a result of an increasing effect of autochthonous climatic features; (3) with examples from sand dunes and cliffs the concept of synendemism is elucidated; (4) synvicariance at the landscape (geosigmetum) is discussed with examples from the French coastline.

     

Die freien aminosäuren im endosperm vonRaphanus sativus L. bei 4x·4x- und 4x·2x-Kreuzungen

Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Aminosäure-Pool im Endosperm der Samenanlagen vonRaphanus sativus var.sativus bei den Kreuzungen 4x · 4x und 4x · 2x untersucht. Zwischen beiden Endospermtypen bestehen auffallende quantitative Unterschiede. Im normal funktionierenden 6x-Endosperm (4x · 4x) sinken die Konzentrationen der Aminosäuren vor allem zwischen dem 12. und 15. Tag nach der Bestäubung vorübergehend stark ab. Im 5x-Endosperm (4x · 2x) sind die Konzentrationen der Aminosäuren hoch und bleiben weitgehend unverändert, so daß hier eine Stoffwechselanomalie vermutet werden kann, auf der möglicherweise die Degeneration des Embryos beruht.

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Free amino acids in endosperm ofRaphanus sativus L. after 4x×4x and 4x·2x crosses

Summary The amino acid pool in the endosperm of ovules ofRaphanus sativus var.sativus from 4x · 4x and 4x · 2x crosses was studied. There are striking differences between the two types of endosperm. In a normally functioning 6x endosperm (4x · 4x) the amino acid concentrations decrease sharply, though temporarily, especially between the 12th and 15th day after pollination. In 5x endosperm (4x · 2x) the amino acid concentrations are high and remain relatively unchanged. We assume this to be a metabolic anomaly and a possible cause for the degeneration of the embryo.

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Quedlinburg Beiträge zur Züchtungsforschung Nr. 82     

Chemotaxonomische Einordnung der Scheidenschn?bel (Chionidae) in die Vogelsystematik

Zusammenfassung Das Bürzeldrüsensekret des Weißgesicht-Scheidenschnabels(Chionis alba) ist ein Esterwachsgemisch, an dessen Aufbau 2,4-, 2,6-, 2,8-dimethyl- sowie 2,4,6-, 2,4,8-, 2,6,8- und 2,6,10-trimethyl-verzweigte Fettsäuren und n- sowie untergeordnete Mengen 2-, 4-Methyl-und 2,6-Dimethyl- neben Spuren von 2,4,6-Trimethylalkanolen beteiligt sind. Damit weist diese Art nahe Beziehungen zu den Möwen auf und nimmt eine Zwischenstellung zwischen Lariformes und Charadriiformes ein, währendThinocorus etwas weiter entfernt einzuordnen ist. Andere Arten werden mitChionis verglichen.

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The chemotaxonomic position of the Sheathbills(Chionidae)

Summary The uropygial gland secretion of the snowy sheathbill(Chionis alba) is shown to be a mixture of ester waxes composed of 2,4-, 2,6-, 2,8-dimethyl- as well as 2,4,6-, 2,4,8-, 2,6,8- und 2,6,10-trimethyl-substituted fatty acids and n- and minor amounts of 2-, 4-methyl, 2,6-dimethyl- as well as traces of 2,4,6-trimethyl-alkanols. This indicates thatChionis is closely related to the gulls whereasThinocorus is more distant.Chionis should be located between Lariformes and Charadriiformes. Other species are compared withChionis.

     

Alchemilla austriaca,spec. nova,(Rosaceae) — eine neue Art aus den Ostalpen

Alchemilla austriaca is a new species which belongs to the group ofA. demissa, A. frigens, A. longana, A. longiuscula, A. semisecta, andA. sinuata. The holotype specimen as well as leaf and flower details are illustrated (Figs. 1–3). A complete character analysis is given, differences and similarities of allied species are presented in two tables, and the position of the group within the genus is discussed.A. austriaca so far is known only from the Austrian Alps and mainly from the central ranges (distribution map: Fig. 4). Its wet subalpine and alpine habitats are characterized by species lists.

     

Über das Formunterscheidungsvermögen der Schmeißfliege Calliphora erythrocephala

Zusammenfassung Mit Alternativwahlversuchen wird nachgewiesen, daß folgende Formmerkmale die Zielorientierung (= Telotaxis) von laufenden, männlichen Schmeißfliegen (Calliphora erythrocephala) stimulieren: 1. Dunkle Kontrastflächen (Abb. 1); 2. Vertikale Kontrastgrenzen (Abb. 2-6); 3. Figurengliederung (Abb. 3f und 4).

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On the pattern discrimination of the blow fly Calliphora erythrocephala

Summary Experiments on binary choices of walking male blow flies (Calliphora erythrocephala) demonstrate the stimulatory value of the following pattern characteristics on the targed orientation (= telotaxis): 1. Dark contrasting area (Fig. 1). 2. Vertical edge of contrast (Fig. 2–6). 3. Disruption of shape (Fig. 3f and 4).

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 45).     

Elliptochloris bilobata,gen. et spec. nov., der Phycobiont vonCatolechia wahlenbergii

The phycobiont ofCatolechia wahlenbergii belongs to a new genus of theChlorococcales. It has mostly ellipsoidal, more rarely spherical cells with one bilobate through-shaped chloroplast and in general alveolar cytoplasm. Reproduction occurs by 2 or 4 autospores as well as by 16 or 32 motionless, small rodlike spores, which are formed and released in the same way as zoospores. They are aplanospores, and their formation apparently is fixed genetically, and not modificatorily, as in other species.

     

Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen

Zusammenfassung Ein zellfreier Extrakt aus Streptomyces rimosus katalysiert die Synthese von TDP-Mycarose aus TDP-d-Glucose und S-Adenosyl-l-methionin. Die Reaktion benötigt NADPH. Das Reaktionsprodukt enthält einen weiteren methylierten TDP-Zucker unbekannter Struktur. Die Reaktion verläuft über TDP-4-Keto-6-desoxy-d-glucose als Zwischenprodukt.

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Metabolic products of microorganisms

Summary A cell-free extract from mycelium of Streptomyces rimosus producing the antibiotic tylosin, catalyses the formation of TDP-mycarose from TDP-d-glucose and S-adenosyl-l-methionine. The reaction requires NADPH. The product contains a second methylated TDP-sugar with a presently unknown structure. TDP-4-Keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose is an intermediate in the reaction.

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112. Mitteilung: T. Anke und H. Diekmann: Biosynthesis of Sideramines in Fungi. Rhodotorulic Acid Synthetase from Extracts of Rhodotorula glutinis. FEBS Letters (im Druck).     

Initial observations on the cellulolytic activities of some fungal isolates

Summary The cellulolytic activities of aTrichoderma sp.,Penicillium sp.,Cladosporium sp.,Trichoderma viride ATCC-24687,Myrothecium roredium, ATCC-28814 and unidentified fungus (F-4) were investigated. TheTrichoderma sp. and the unidentified fungus (F-4) secreted larger amounts of cellulase into the growth medium than the other strains. They also saccharified lignocellulosics more rapidly than the other strains.

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Resumen Se estudió la actividad celulolítica de: une especie deTrichoderma sp.,Penicillium sp.,Cladosporium sp.,Trichoderma viride ATCC-24687,Myrothecium roredium, ATCC-28814, y de un hongo no identificado (F-4).Trichoderma sp. y el hongo no identificado secretaron más cantidad de celulasa al medio de cultivo que las otras cepas estudiadas. Tambien saccarificaron materiales lignocelulósicos más rápidamente que los demás hongos.

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Résumé Les activités cellulolytiques d'unTrichoderma sp., d'unPenicillium sp., d'unCladosporium sp., d'unTrichoderma viride ATCC-24687, d'unMyrothecium roredium et d'une moisissure nonidentifiée (F-4) ont été examinées. La soucheTrichoderma sp et la moisissure non-identifiée (F-4) ont secrété des quantités plus importantes de cellulase dans le milieu du culture que les autres souches. Ces deux souches ont aussi saccharifié la ligno-cellulose plus rapidement que les autres souches.