蛙皮素对豚鼠肠系膜下神经节细胞的生物电影响

应用离休细胞内记录技术,观察了蛙皮素（BOM）对豚鼠离体肠系膜下神经节（IMG）细胞膜电位和膜电阻的影响,结果表明,181个IMG细胞在压力注射BOM（10^-5mol/L,1-15pulse,3-15ms)时呈现缓慢去极化（84．0％）,先超极化后去极化（8．3％）,和无明显反应（7．7％）,在10个细胞上灌流BOM（10^-7-10^-6mol/L,60s),90％的细胞亦缓慢去极化,该去极化反应受低钙／高镁溶液的影响,但不为胆碱和肾上腺素受体阻断剂所阻断;膜电阻表现为减小（60．0％）,不变（35．0％）和增大（5．0％）,说明BOM可能存在于豚鼠IMG细胞上且发挥易化作用。     

豚鼠交感神经节非胆碱能迟慢兴奋性突触后电位与蛙皮素、P物质的关系

运用玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,观察豚鼠(Cavia porcellus)离体肠系膜下神经节(IMG)细胞非胆碱能迟慢兴奋性突触后电位(Is—EPSP)与蛙皮素(BOM)、P物质(SP)的关系,以探讨肽类神经递质在外周神经系统中的作用。结果显示,SP去极化、BOM去极化与Is—EPSP具有相关性;SP受体脱敏使SP敏感细胞的Is—EPSP减弱或消失,但不影响BOM引起的去极化;BOM受体脱敏使BOM敏感细胞的Is—EPSP减弱或消失,但不影响SP引起的去极化。大部分Is—EPSP阳性细胞对SP、BOM敏感,而对SP、BOM均不敏感的细胞多数不出现Is—EPSP。结果提示,BOM、SP通过IMG细胞膜上相应受体参与了Is-EPSP的形成,受体间无交互脱敏现象。     

豚鼠肠系膜下神经节细胞电活动与结肠运动的关系

在豚鼠肠系膜下神经节(IMG)及其支配的结肠段联合标本上,对IMG细胞内电位与肠段纵肌或环肌舒缩活动进行了同步记录。实验结果表明:(1)肠段预置张力为零时,约50％IMG细胞有自发的快兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP)活动,切断结肠神经或以筒箭毒(50μmol/L)灌流IMG后消失;(2)筒箭毒或低钙高镁溶液阻断神经节传递时,环肌节律性收缩幅度增大,节律变慢,但对纵肌节律性收缩无明显影响,(3)串刺激节前神经,在IMG细胞引起一串快EPSP或动作电位并常跟随迟慢的EPSP,同时,纵肌在0.1-0.2s潜伏期后出现迅速的、时程基本与动作电位串一致的舒张波,后者在筒箭毒灌流IMG后消失,而环肌运动可见舒张、舒张波延长或收缩波增大。结果提示:IMG不仅中继经典的胆碱能传出功能,还参与以胆碱能传递为中介的肠-肠反射,该反射活动的传出效应主要在于抑制环肌收缩。     

铃蟾肽介导的豚鼠肠系膜下神经节非胆碱能迟慢兴奋性突触后电位

应用细胞内记录技术,对铃蟾肽(bombesin,BOM)在豚鼠离体肠系膜下神经节(inferior mesenteric ganglion,IMG)非胆碱能兴奋性突触传递中的作用进行了研究。重复电刺激突触前结肠神经,有74．3％(52／70)IMG细胞可诱发迟慢兴奋性突触后电位(ls-EPSP)。在可引出ls-EPSP的细胞中,22％(4／18)细胞同时对BOM和SP敏感。用BOM持续灌流IMG,可明显抑制对BOM敏感细胞的ls-EPSP,对BOM不敏感细胞的ls-EPSP则无影响,且BOM受体与SP受体间无交叉脱敏。BOM受体阻断剂tyr^4[D-phe^12]bombesin能明显可逆性地抑制BOM敏感细胞的ls-EPSP和去极化,但对BOM不敏感细胞则无影响。研究结果提示,BOM可能是介导豚鼠IMG细胞ls-EPSP的一种递质。     

白藜芦醇抑制大鼠穹隆下器神经元放电

应用细胞外记录单位放电技术,在大鼠穹隆下器脑片上观察了白藜芦醇(resveratrol)对穹隆下器神经元放电的影响。实验结果如下:(1)给予白藜芦醇(1、5、10μmol/L)2min后,大多数穹隆下器神经元(60/65,92.3%)的自发性放电频率呈剂量依赖性降低;(2)预先用0.3mmol/L的L-glutamate灌流穹隆下器脑片,全部放电单位(12/12,100%)放电频率明显增加,表现为癫痫样放电,在此基础上灌流白藜芦醇(5μmol/L)2min,大多数脑片(10/12,83.3%)的癫痫样放电被抑制;(3)预先用L型钙通道开放剂BayK8644灌流,全部(8/8,100%)放电增加,在此基础上灌流白藜芦醇(5μmol/L)2min,其放电全部被抑制;(4)灌流一氧化氮合酶抑制剂NG-nitro-L-argininemethylester(L-NAME)50μmol/L,多数脑片(11/14,78.6%)放电明显增加,在此基础上灌流白藜芦醇(5μmol/L)2min,大部分神经元(9/11,81.8%)放电被抑制;(5)灌流大电导钙激活性钾通道阻断剂tetraethylammoniumchloride(TEA)1mmol/L后,大多数神经元(10/12,83.3%)放电增加,在此基础上灌流白藜芦醇(5μmol/L)2min,(9/10,90%)放电频率明显减低。以上结果提示:白藜芦醇能抑制大鼠穹隆下器神经元自发放电以及由L-glutamate、L-NAME、BayK8644和TEA诱发的放电,可能与白藜芦醇抑制L型钙通道以及促进一氧化氮的释放有关;似乎与大电导钙激活性钾通道无关。     

5-羟色胺和/或pH值的变化对大鼠舌下神经元漏钾电流的调制作用(英文)

克隆的TWIK相关酸敏感型钾通道1(TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel,TASK-1)对生理范围的pH值变化较为敏感(pK～7.4)。最近在多种脑干运动神经元上发现了TASK-1样通道,主要功能为编码背景性漏钾电流(TASK-1-like current)。本文旨在研究舌下神经元漏钾电流的特性,以及5-羟色胺(5-HT)和/或灌流液pH值的变化对该电流的影响及其可能的机制。以出生后7～8d的Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠为研究对象,应用活脑片技术获取大鼠舌下神经核细胞,利用脑片全细胞膜片钳技术记录并分析运动神经元漏钾电流和超极化激活的阳离子电流(hyperpolarization-activated cationic current,Ih)。结果显示,漏钾电流和Ih可以被pH6.0的酸性人工脑脊液(artificial cerebrospinal fluid,ACSF)所抑制,亦可被pH8.5的碱性ACSF所激活。10μmol/L 5-HT可显著抑制漏钾电流和Ih,并可使舌下神经元去极化,诱发阈下震荡和/或动作电位。给予5-HT2受体拮抗剂Ketanseri...     

5—羟色胺抑制离体脊髓运动神经元的突触传递

应用新生大鼠脊髓切片运动神经元(MN)细胞内记录技术,发现5-羟色胺(5-HT)10～100μmol/L灌流可浓度依从地抑制背、腹根刺激在MN诱发的兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP)和抑制性突触后电位,但可增大外源性谷氨酸引起的MN去极化。5-HT对背根性EPSP的抑制无刺激频率依赖性,可为5-HT_(1A)受体激动剂8-OH-DPAT模拟,但不受士的宁、酮色林及MDL 72222的影响。结果表明5-HT可直接激活初级传入纤维末梢5-HT_(1A)受体而抑制MN的突触传递。     

植物性雌激素genistein对豚鼠乳头肌的电生理效应

应用细胞内微电极技术,观察了genistein(GST)对豚鼠乳头肌的电生理效应。结果显示：（1）GST（10-100μmol/L)浓度依赖地缩短正常乳头肌动作电位时程;（2）对部分去极化乳头肌,GST（50μmol/L)除缩短动作电位时程外,还使动作电位幅值和超射值降低,零相最大上升速度减慢;（3）预先应用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NNA（5mmol/L)。不影响GST（50μmol/L)的电生理效应;（4）单独应用17β-雌二醇（E2,5μmol/L)或GST（10μmol/L)时,动作电位各参数无明显变化。而预先应用同剂量的GST再加入E2,则动作电位时程缩短,结果提示,GST可能通过非NO途径抑制Ca^2 内流,从而影响豚鼠乳头肌电生理效应,并与E2有加强或协同效应。     

硫化氢对离体豚鼠乳头状肌的电生理效应

应用细胞内微电极技术,观察硫化氢（hydrogen sulfide,H2S）对离体豚鼠乳头状肌细胞的电生理效应。结果表明：（1）NaHS （H,S的供体,50、100、200μmol/L）可浓度依赖地缩短正常乳头状肌的动作电位时程。（2）对部分去极化乳头状肌,NaHS （100μmol／L）除缩短动作电位时程外,还降低动作电位幅值和超射值,减慢零相最大上升速度。（3）预先应用ATP敏感性钾（ATP- sensitive K＋,KATP）通道阻断剂格列苯脲（glibenclamide,Gli,20μmol／L）,可部分阻断NaHS（100μmol／L）的电生理效应。（4）预先应用L型钙通道开放剂Bay K8644（0．5μmol／L）,可部分阻断NaHS（100μmol／L）的电生理效应。（5）预先应用含Gli（20μmol／L）的无钙Krebs-Henseleit液灌流标本,可完全阻断NaHS（100μmol／L）的电生理效应。（6）DL-propargylglycine（PPG,一种胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶的不可逆抑制剂,200μmol／L）可延长正常乳头状肌的动作电位时程。以上结果提示,H,S可能通过兴奋KATP通道促进K＋外流,同时抑制Ca2＋内流,进而影响豚鼠乳头状肌电生理效应。乳头状肌中内源性H2S可能发挥重要的电生理作用。     

白藜芦醇对离体豚鼠乳头状肌的电生理效应

本文旨在应用标准玻璃微电极技术,观察白藜芦醇对离体豚鼠乳头状肌的电生理效应。结果显示：(1)白藜芦醇(30、60、120μmol／L)可剂量依赖性地缩短乳头状肌细胞的动作电位时程;(2)对部分去极化的乳头状肌,白藜芦醇(60μmol／L)不仅缩短动作电位时程,而且降低动作电位的幅值和超射值,减慢零期最大上升速度;(3)用无钙K-H液灌流标本可完全取消白藜芦醇对乳头状肌细胞的作用：(4)钾通道开放剂四乙基氯化铵(TEA,20mmol／L),不能阻断白藜芦醇的电生理效应;(5)预先应用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME(1mmol／L),对白藜芦醇的上述效应无影响。以上结果表明,白藜芦醇可缩短正常乳头状肌细胞动作电位时程,这一效应可能与其抑制钙离子内流有关,但此作用机制中NO的作用并不显著。     

豚鼠腹腔神经节迟慢兴奋性突触后电位与5－HT和P物质的关系

应用细胞内记录,研究了豚鼠腹腔神经节（ＣＧ）细胞非胆碱能迟慢兴奋性突触后电位（ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ）与５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）及Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）的相互关系。当重复电刺激内脏大神经（ＳＮ）时,有７８．２％的细胞（１６１／２０６）在动作电位发放后出现ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ,灌注或压力注射５－ＨＴ或ＳＰ,分别在６８．５％的细胞（１０２／１４９）及５２．１％的细胞（９８／１８８）上引起５－ＨＴ或ＳＰ去极化反应,两者差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）;大部分具有ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ的细胞对５－ＨＴ（７３／８８,８３．０％）或ＳＰ（６８／１１４５９．６％）敏感,而不出现ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ的细胞仅有少数对５－ＨＴ（１０／２６,３８．５％）或ＳＰ（１１／３６,３０．６％）敏感,两类细胞的差异非常显著（５－ＨＴ：Ｐ＜０．０００１,ＳＰ：Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果支持５－ＨＴ与ＳＰ均作为递质参与ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ形成的观点。此外,在１３３个细胞上同时检测了５－ＨＴ与ＳＰ的作用,其中有６６个细胞（４９．６％）对５－ＨＴ及ＳＰ均敏感,提示在ＣＧ细胞,５－ＨＴ与ＳＰ之间可能存在某种机能联系。     

兔肠系膜下神经节细胞的两种非胆碱能性慢突触后电位

以常规细胞内记录技术对兔肠系膜下神经节细胞的跨膜电位进行了观察。对节前神经的短串脉冲刺激,可诱发出一串快兴奋性突触后电位(f-EPSP)或顺向动作电位;在此之后,大多数细胞还出现一个持续约2min 的缓慢去极化电位。该电位具有抗箭毒和阿托品性质,受低钙高镁溶液的可逆性阻抑,因而可称为非胆碱能性兴奋性突触后电位,或者也可归入迟慢兴奋性突触后电位(ls-EPSP)。多数细胞的 ls-EPSP 伴有膜电阻增大,电位的幅度随细胞静息电位的超极化而变小;提示在这些细胞上,钾电导的失活很可能参与了电位的发生。以P物质溶液灌流神经节未见该电位有显著改变。另外,在箭毒化加阿托品化的神经节中,还发现少数细胞对节前神经的串刺激发生一个持续约一分钟的超极化电位。它也具有抗胆碱能受体阻断剂的性质,受低钙高镁溶液可逆性阻抑,为此我们命之为“极慢抑制性突触后电位”(vs-IPSP),以区别于“慢抑制性突触后电位”(s-IPSP),后者是通常用以表示一种胆碱能性的慢电位。本文所述的这两种非胆碱能性的突触电位有关递质,尚待探索。     

交感神经节细胞对P物质和5-羟色胺的反应

本工作旨在观察Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）受体与５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）受体是否分别还是同时存在于豚鼠腹腔神经节（ＣＧ）与肠系膜下神经节（ＩＭＧ）不同细胞,以及这两种递质之间是否存在相互作用。在１３３个ＣＧ细胞中,６６个（４９．６％）对ＳＰ及５－ＨＴ同时敏感,４０个（３０．１％）仅对其中一种递质敏感,此外２７个（２０．３％）对两都不敏感。     

Serotonin augments the cationic current Ih in central neurons

Serotonin (5-HT) induced a slow depolarization when superfused onto neurons of the rat brainstem nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (PH) in vitro. The depolarization was associated with a decrease in cell input resistance. In voltage clamp, 5-HT caused an inward current that activated at approximately -50 mV and was present only at potentials negative to this. With hyperpolarizing voltage-clamp steps, PH neurons exhibited a slow inward current relaxation. The properties of this conductance were consistent with the cationic, nonselective current, Ih. Bath-applied 5-HT augmented Ih. Extracellular CsCl blocked both Ih and the inward current produced by 5-HT. In addition, forskolin, isobutylmethylxanthine, and 8-bromo-cAMP mimicked the inward current seen with 5-HT. The 5-HT1 agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine produced a similar inward current. We conclude that 5-HT excites PH neurons by augmenting Ih, probably through receptor-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase. As Ih is found in many types of neurons, this mechanism may be a common mode of regulating cell excitability.     

The actions of serotonin on frog primary afferent terminals and cell bodies

The actions of serotonin (5-HT) were studied in the isolated frog spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion preparations. In the spinal cord, 5-HT increased the spontaneous activity recorded from dorsal roots, facilitated evoked spinal reflexes and produced fast and slow primary afferent depolarization (PAD). A direct action of 5-HT on primary afferent terminals is likely since 5-HT induced PAD remained in the presence of 1 microM tetrodotoxin and 2 mM Mn2+. The direct action of 5-HT on primary afferent terminals was blocked by methysergide and attenuated by concentrations of Mn2+ in excess of that required to block transmitter release. Cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglion were also depolarized by 5-HT. A slow hyperpolarization occasionally followed the initial depolarization. The depolarizing action of 5-HT in the dorsal root ganglion was also attenuated by treatment with Mn2+. It is concluded that 5-HT acts directly on frog primary afferents and that this influence may involve a calcium sensitive process. The dorsal root ganglion response to 5-HT appears to be a suitable model of the afferent terminal response.     

5－羟色胺对大鼠下丘脑脑片弓状核神经元自发电活动的影响

在７４张大鼠下丘脑脑片上,用玻璃微电极记录到弓状核自发放电单位１７６个,其放电形式有三种：慢不规则型（１１９个,６７．６％）;快连续型（４６个,２６．１％）;位相型（１１个,６．３％）。５－ＨＴ（１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,３ｍｉｎ）对不同形式放电单位的作用均以抑制为主：对部分慢不规则单位（９／１１９）则表现为先抑制后兴奋的双相性反应,对少数神经元有兴奋作用。１２个被５－ＨＴ抑制的单位,其抑制作用不能被噻庚啶（ＣＨＤ,１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）阻断,４个被５－ＨＴ抑制的的单位中,其抑制作用可被二甲基麦角新碱（ＭＳＧ１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）部分或完全阻断。７个被５－ＨＴ抑制的单位,其中４个单位中,５－ＨＴ的抑制作用可被特异性５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体阻断剂Ｐｉｎｄｏｂｉｎｄ－５－ＨＴ１Ａ部分阻断;但另外３个单位的阻断效果不明显。上述结果表明：５－ＨＴ对弓状核不同形式放电单位的作用均以抑制为主,其作用可能是通过５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ１）受体介导的,部分还可能是通过５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体介导的。     

Effect of serotonin on isolated cells with the various functionality from the lamprey spinal cord

The differential actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (100 microM) were investigated on isolated motoneurons, interneurons, and primary sensory neurons from the lamprey spinal cord using patch-clamp techniques. Application of 5-HT did not evoke membrane currents in any of the spinal neurons tested (n = 62). However, in most motoneurons and interneurons (15 of 18), 5-HT produced a small depolarization (2-6 mV), which was not accompanied by a change in input resistance. In the remaining motoneurons and interneurons (3 of 18), 5-HT induced a large depolarization (up to 10-20 mV) and a decrease in input resistance of 20-60%. In most sensory neurons (dorsal sensory cells, DSCs), 5-HT evoked a short-lasting, low-amplitude depolarization, followed by a long-lasting hyperpolarization of 2-7 mV. The DSCs showed no significant change in input resistance to 5-HT application (n = 8). Spike afterpolarization were also differentially modulated by 5-HT. In motoneurons and interneurons, 5-HT decreased the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization following the action potential while increasing the amplitude of the after depolarization. In the DSCs, no significant effect of 5-HT on spike afterpolarization was observed. 5-HT differentially modulated the current induced by application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). In motoneurons and interneurons, 5-HT enhanced NMDA-evoked current, while in DSCs, 5-HT decreased this current. These results demonstrate that 5-HT differentially modulates the activity of functionally different groups of spinal neurons. In motoneurons and interneurons, 5-HT enhances excitation by inducing depolarization and decreasing the afterhyperpolatization, while NMDA currents are enhanced. These effects facilitate the appearance of rhythmic discharges in these cells in the presence of NMDA. In primary dorsal sensory cells, 5-HT enhances inhibition by hyperpolarizing the cells and depressing NMDA currents. These differential effects are presumably mediated by different types of 5-HT receptors on these classes of spinal neurons.     

Response to 5-hydroxytryptamine on neurons of guinea pig celiac and inferior mesenteric ganglia in primary culture.

The electrophysiological effects of serotonin, a putative neurotransmitter in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia, were evaluated in cultured celiac and inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG) neurons. Intracellular microelectrode recordings were performed in neurons that were maintained in culture an average of 26 days. Seventy-eight of 85 neurons responded when serotonin (10 microM) was applied by pressure ejection from a micropipette to the surface of the isolated cells. The majority of the neurons (n = 48) generated fast depolarizations, although slow depolarizations (n = 17), bipolar responses (n = 5), hyperpolarizations (n = 7), and a biphasic response (n = 1), were also seen. Hyperpolarizing responses were evoked in celiac neurons only. All responses were inhibited by the 5-HT3 antagonist MDL 72,222 (5 microM). Fast responses were not inhibited by tetrodotoxin (n = 3). These results demonstrate that serotonin evokes a variety of membrane potential changes in cultured prevertebral sympathetic neurons by activating 5-HT3 receptors.