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1.
在20例健康受试者中进行40次主动手指活动(AMT)试验,研究AMT对短潜伏期体感诱发电位(SLSEP)顶、中央成份的影响。结果:AMT对SLSEP各波峰潜伏期没有影响,对颈髓电位N13,远场电位P14、N18及顶部电位N20波幅没有抑制,而中央前成份P22、N30及顶成份P25明显受抑制。认为:AMT对SLSEP的抑制作用属一种运动闸门作用,其部位可能在运动皮层。 相似文献
2.
双镰细蠓间性体的描述INTERSEXESINLEPTOCONOPS(HOLOCONOPS)BINISICULAYU(DIPTERA:CERATOPOGONIDSE)¥关键词双翅目,蠓科,细蠓属,双镰细蠓,间性体我国有关蠓类间性体的报道仅有蠛蠓1例,库... 相似文献
3.
江豚和白鳍豚雄性生殖系统的解剖学研究ONTHEANATOMYOFTHEMALEGENITALSYSTEMINTHEBAIJI(LIPOTESVEXILLIFER)ANDFINLESSPORPOISE(NEOPHOCAENAPHOCAENOIDES)... 相似文献
4.
肺血管平滑肌细胞是肺血管收缩反应的主要执行者,也是肺血管结构重建的重要参与者。本研究观察了内皮素-1(ET-1)一氧化氮(NO)和缺氧对培养的新生小牛肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)钙内流以及胶原合成的影响,结果表明ET-1和缺氧可促进PASMC的钙内流;NO供应剂硝普钠(SMP)可抑制ET-1诱导的钙内流,其作用呈剂量依赖性,SNP还可以剂量依赖地抑制了PASMC的胶原合成,而缺氧可促进PASMC 相似文献
5.
植物遗传多样性研究中等位基因酶分析的遗传参数及其计算方法(综述)葛学军(中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州510650)THEGENETICPARAMETERSANDTHEIRCALCULATINGMETHODSOFALLOZYMEANALYSISINP... 相似文献
6.
广西树萝卜属一新种方鼎(广西中医药研究所南宁530022)ANEWSPECIESOFTHEGENUSAGAPETES(VACCINIACEAE)FROMGUANGXI,CHINAFANGDing(GuangxiInstituteofTraditio... 相似文献
7.
被子植物雄性不育的遗传学研究进展吕洪飞(浙江师范大学生物系,金华321004)余象煜(杭州大学生物系,杭州320028)ADVANCESINRESEARCHESOFGENETICSOFMALESTERILITYINANGIOSPERMSLüHong... 相似文献
8.
P~(53) PROTEIN OVEREXPRESSION IN PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT LESIONS OF ORAL MUCOSA:IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONP~(53)PROTEI... 相似文献
9.
肺血管平滑肌细胞是肺血管收缩反应的主要执行者,也是肺血管结构重建的重要参与者。本研究观察了内皮素1(ET1),一氧化氮(NO)和缺氧对培养的新生小牛肺动肺平滑肌细胞(PASMC)钙内流以及胶原合成的影响。结果表明ET1和缺氧可促进PASMC的钙内流,NO供应剂硝普钠(SMP)可抑制ETI诱导的钙内流,其作用呈剂量依赖性,SNP还可以剂量依赖地抑制PASMC的胶原合成,而缺氧可促进PASMC的胶原合成。 相似文献
10.
中国植物科学信息化与Internet孙启高宋书银王宇飞(中国科学院植物研究所北京100093)娄治平(中国科学院资源环境科学技术局北京100864)COMPUTERIZATIONOFPLANTSCIENCESOFCHINAANDINTERNETSUN... 相似文献
11.
本研究从基础和临床两方面观察了反复电针对慢性痛的累加治疗作用,并结合疼痛患者及慢性痛动物模型中几种神经肽的放射免疫测定及相应受体拮抗剂的药理学研究结果,探讨了产生累加效应的可能机制。结果表明,在临床脊髓损伤性痉挛患者,100Hz穴位体表电刺激有效地缓解痉挛并有累加效应;在临床慢性痛患者,2/15Hz变频TENS刺激有效地治疗疼痛并具有累加效应。在关节炎模型大鼠,电针刺激能产生明显的镇痛并具有累加效 相似文献
12.
The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of repeated subcutaneous (sc) injections of low doses of ketamine for the treatment of acute inflammatory pain in a complete Freund's adjuvant-induced monoarthritic pain model in rats. The results show: (1) sc injection of ketamine at a dose of 2 mg x kg(-1) or 10 mg x kg(-1) produced significant analgesia (P<0.01) in arthritic rats starting from the 2nd week and 3rd week, respectively. (2) Repeated administration of ketamine produced a significant reduction of the circumference of the arthritic ankle (P<0.05 and P<0.01 with different doses). (3) The body weight of the rats was not affected by continuous administration of ketamine for 4 weeks. No abnormal locomotor behavior was observed (It was concerned but not systemically evaluated in this study). The results suggest that repeated sc injection of ketamine for 4 weeks significantly reduce inflammatory pain in monoarthritis without notable aversive side effects. 相似文献
13.
Neurophysiological studies in healthy subjects suggest that increased spinal inhibitory reflexes from the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle to the soleus (SOL) muscle might contribute to decreased spasticity. While 50?Hz is an effective frequency for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in healthy subjects, in stroke survivors, the effects of TENS on spinal reflex circuits and its appropriate frequency are not well known. We examined the effects of different frequencies of TENS on spinal inhibitory reflexes from the TA to SOL muscle in stroke survivors. Twenty chronic stroke survivors with ankle plantar flexor spasticity received 50-, 100-, or 200-Hz TENS over the deep peroneal nerve (DPN) of the affected lower limb for 30?min. Before and immediately after TENS, reciprocal Ia inhibition (RI) and presynaptic inhibition of the SOL alpha motor neuron (D1 inhibition) were assessed by adjusting the unconditioned H-reflex amplitude. Furthermore, during TENS, the time courses of spinal excitability and spinal inhibitory reflexes were assessed via the H-reflex, RI, and D1 inhibition. None of the TENS protocols affected mean RI, whereas D1 inhibition improved significantly following 200-Hz TENS. In a time-series comparison during TENS, repeated stimulation did not produce significant changes in the H-reflex, RI, or D1 inhibition regardless of frequency. These results suggest that the frequency-dependent effect of TENS on spinal reflexes only becomes apparent when RI and D1 inhibition are measured by adjusting the amplitude of the unconditioned H-reflex. However, 200-Hz TENS led to plasticity of synaptic transmission from the antagonist to spastic muscles in stroke survivors. 相似文献
14.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a commonly utilized non-pharmacological treatment for pain. Studies show that low- and high-frequency TENS utilize opioid, serotonin and/or muscarinic receptors in the spinal cord to reduce hyperalgesia induced by joint inflammation in rats. As there is an increase in glutamate and aspartate levels in the spinal cord after joint inflammation, and opioids reduce glutamate and aspartate release, we hypothesized that TENS reduces release of glutamate and aspartate in animals with joint inflammation by activation of opioid receptors. Using microdialysis and HPLC with fluorescence detection, we examined the release pattern of glutamate and aspartate in the dorsal horn in response to either low-frequency (4 Hz) or high-frequency (100 Hz) TENS. We examined the effects of TENS on glutamate and aspartate release in animals with and without joint inflammation. High-frequency, but not low-frequency, TENS significantly reduced spinal glutamate and aspartate in animals with joint inflammation compared with levels in those without joint inflammation. The reduced release of glutamate and aspartate by high-frequency TENS was prevented by spinal blockade of delta-opioid receptors with naltrindole. Thus, we conclude that high-frequency TENS activates delta-opioid receptors consequently reducing the increased release of glutamate and aspartate in the spinal cord. 相似文献
15.
In 1990 a series of studies started in which the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) was examined on cognition, behaviour, and the rest-activity rhythm of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these studies, TENS aimed primarily at stimulating the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the locus coeruleus (LC) by a combination of low- and high-frequency stimulation (2 Hz and 160 Hz, respectively), a pulse width of 0.1 ms, and an intensity that provokes muscular twitches. TENS was applied 30 min a day, during a six-week period. In order to make reliable comparisons between studies, identical stimulation-parameters were used in all studies thus far. TENS appeared to have a positive effect on cognition, behaviour, and the rest-activity rhythm but the effects disappeared after cessation of stimulation. In order to optimise TENS treatment in AD, the present paper is meant to reconsider the once selected stimulation-parameters by reviewing the relevant literature published since 1991. The results derived from animal experimental studies show that for an optimal stimulation of the LC and DRN, the pulse width should be more than 0.1 ms. Limitations and suggestions for future research will be discussed. 相似文献
16.
Chronic pain is associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and downstream production of nitric oxide, which has a pivotal role in multisynaptic
local circuit nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. The formation of nitric oxide is catalyzed by three major nitric
oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms (neuronal, nNOS; inducible, iNOS; endothelial, eNOS), which are increased in the spinal cord
of rodents subjected to some tonic and chronic forms of experimental pain. Despite the important role of NOS in spinal cord
nociceptive transmission, there have been no studies exploring the effect of NMDA receptor blockade on NOS expression in the
dorsal horn during chronic pain. Furthermore, NOS isoforms have not been fully characterized in the dorsal horn of animals
subjected to arthritic pain. The aim of this work was therefore to study the expression of nNOS, iNOS and eNOS in the dorsal
horns of monoarthritic rats, and the modifications in NOS expression induced by pharmacological blockade of spinal cord NMDA
receptors. Monoarthritis was produced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the right tibio-tarsal
joint. At week 4, monoarthritic rats were given either the competitive NMDA antagonist (±)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic
acid (CPP) or the uncompetitive NMDA antagonist ketamine. After 6 and 24 hours, animals were killed and posterior quadrants
of the lumbar spinal cord were dissected. Sample tissues were homogenized and subjected to immunoblotting with anti-nNOS,
anti-iNOS or anti-eNOS monoclonal antibodies. The nNOS isoform, but not the iNOS and eNOS isoforms, were detected in the dorsal
horns of control rats. Monoarthritis increased the expression of nNOS, iNOS and eNOS in the dorsal horns ipsilateral and contralateral
to the inflamed hindpaw. Intrathecal administration of CPP and ketamine reduced nNOS expression in monoarthritic rats but
increased the expression of iNOS and eNOS. Results suggest that blockade of spinal cord NMDA receptors produces complex regulatory
changes in the expression of NOS isoforms in monoarthritic rats that may be relevant for nitridergic neuronal/glial mechanisms
involved in the pathophysiology of monoarthritis and in the pharmacological response to drugs interacting with NMDA receptors. 相似文献
17.
How oxidative stress contributes to neuro-inflammation and chronic pain is documented, and methane is reported to protect against ischemia–reperfusion injury in the nervous system via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We studied whether methane in the form of methane rich saline (MS) has analgesic effects in a monoarthritis (MA) rat model of chronic inflammatory pain. Single and repeated injections of MS (i.p.) reduced MA-induced mechanical allodynia and multiple methane treatments blocked activation of glial cells, decreased IL-1β and TNF-α production and MMP-2 activity, and upregulated IL-10 expression in the spinal cord on day 10 post-MA. Furthermore, MS reduced infiltrating T cells and expression of IFN-γ and suppressed MA-induced oxidative stress (MDA and 8-OHDG), and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Thus, MS may offer anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to reduce chronic inflammatory pain. 相似文献
18.
To understand whether chronic inflammation alters the development of morphine tolerance, the tail-flick test was used to evaluate the analgesic effect of morphine (75 mg tablet, s.c.) in the arthritic rats at the day 9-12 after the inoculation with Freund's adjuvant. Spinal cord monoamines and amino acid neurotransmitters were concomitantly measured. Chronic inflammation attenuated the antinociceptive effect of morphine as tolerance developed faster in the arthritic rats compared to the vehicle-treated controls. In addition, ratio of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HIAA/5-HT) increased in the lumbar spinal cord of arthritic rats without any change in the concentrations of norepinephrine, glutamate, aspartate or GABA. Interestingly, increased serotonin turnover in the spinal cord was observed in both control and arthritic rats 24 hours after morphine treatment. Overall, the results suggest a significant role of serotonin up-regulation in the spinal cord during chronic pain and the development of morphine tolerance. 相似文献
19.
The present study determined the time course of the ventilatory response to adjuvant arthritis in the rat. It was found that the minute ventilation of arthritic rats reliably exceeded that of control animals during a period of about 4 weeks. The ventilatory response had its onset during the 2nd week after inoculation of in the tail base, peaked on day 21, and was statistically reliable up to the 35th day. A smaller difference persisted throughout the further six weeks of the study, which covered 77 days in all. The changes in minute ventilation appeared to be closely time-locked with the changes in body weight and paw diameter which are characteristic of rats with adjuvant arthritis. The peak minute ventilation of individual animals also correlated in a significant manner with changes in weight and in paw diameter. The data are consistent with an earlier attempt to characterize the time course of the chronic pain which is presumably associated with adjuvant arthritis in the rat; minute ventilation is discussed as a possible measure of this putative pain. 相似文献
20.
Purpose: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a nonpharmacological method used to reduce spasticity. It was also assumed that TENS reduces pain and therefore improves limb function. Most of the previous studies about the effect of TENS were done in the lower limb and in stroke patients. There is a lack of enough literature about the direct and indirect effects of TENS in the upper limb. Hence, our study aimed to determine whether TENS combined with therapeutic exercises helps to improves hand function by reducing spasticity in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Materials and methods: Twenty-nine children with hemiplegic CP were randomly assigned to the TENS group (n?=?15) or the control group (n?=?14). The TENS group received traditional physical therapy with the adjunct application of conventional TENS for 30?minutes (pulse duration, 250 µs; pulse rate, 100?Hz) on the wrist extensors, once daily, 3?days a week, for 8?weeks, while the control group received traditional physical therapy. Results: The results showed a significant intergroup difference in handgrip strength over the 8-week period. The time to accomplish the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) task decreased by 48% and the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire scores improved by 23% in the TENS group. Conclusions: The use of TENS in combination with therapeutic exercise may improve strength and hand function. 相似文献
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