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严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)自被发现以来就引起了人们的广泛关注,开发针对该病毒的安全、有效疫苗成为近期的研究热点。本文以高致病性冠状病毒疫苗(包括灭活疫苗、重组亚单位疫苗、重组病毒载体疫苗和核酸疫苗)的研究展开综述,为研制SARS-CoV-2疫苗提供参考。 相似文献
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呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是引起婴幼儿支气管炎和肺炎的主要原因,并可致免疫缺陷病人显著发病和死亡,RSV疫苗已被WHO列为全球最优先发展的疫苗之一。经过几十年的研究,虽然取得了显著进展,但尚未有RSV疫苗上市。目前RSV疫苗的研究主要集中于亚单位疫苗、减毒活疫苗和DNA疫苗等,其中亚单位疫苗和减毒活疫苗被认为最有前途,已分别进行了的临床试验。 相似文献
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The recent influenza vaccine shortages have provided a timely reminder of the tenuous nature of the world's vaccine supply and the potential for manufacturing issues to severely disrupt vital access to important vaccines. The application of new technologies to the discovery, assessment, development and production of vaccines has the potential to prevent such occurrences and enable the introduction of new vaccines. Gene-based vaccines, virus-like particles, plant-derived vaccines and novel adjuvants and delivery systems represent promising approaches to creating safer, more potent vaccines. As a consequence, more people will have faster access to more effective vaccines against a broader spectrum of infectious diseases. However, the increased cost of producing new vaccines and regulatory uncertainty remain challenges for vaccine manufacturers. 相似文献
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疟疾肆虐,对全球公共卫生健康提出了严峻的挑战,疫苗作为一个关键性的预防策略,为消除疟疾提供了新的机遇。随着现代科技的高速发展,科学家们针对疟疾疫苗的研究正如火如荼进行着,其中红细胞前期疟疾疫苗、红细胞内期疟疾疫苗、传播阻断疫苗以及多抗原、多表位重组疟疾疫苗和多阶段融合蛋白疟疾疫苗等的相关研究已取得了重大进展。虽目前尚未有任何一种疟疾疫苗获得上市许可,未来作为可以拯救生命的优质、高效的抗疟疫苗或将成为根除疟疾不可替代的工具。 相似文献
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Vaccines, coming of age after 200 years 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Mäkelä PH 《FEMS microbiology reviews》2000,24(1):9-20
An overview on the short, only 200 years, past history and future expectations in the field of vaccines is presented. The focus is on development trends and potential rather than individual vaccines. While the first vaccines were a result of keen observation, the further development has been tightly dependent on the development of microbiology to provide both the knowledge basis and the technology for new vaccines for new purposes. The post-genomic era just starting therefore promises an exponential increase of vaccine research and new vaccines, both improved vaccines with a greater efficacy and less adverse effects to replace old ones and vaccines for prevention of diseases for which no vaccines exist. Furthermore, fully new applications to prevention or treatment of chronic diseases not traditionally associated with infections are expected. 相似文献
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Tumor growth and metastasis are angiogenesis-dependent. Anti-angiogenic therapy represents a new strategy for the development
of anti-cancer therapies. In recent years, there has been made great progress in anti-angiogenic therapy. As far as the passive
immunotherapy is concerned, a recombinant humanized antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Avastin has been
approved by FDA as the first angiogenesis inhibitor to treat colorectal cancer. For active specific immunotherapy, various
strategies for cancer vaccines, including whole endothelial cell vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, DNA vaccines, and peptides
or protein vaccines, have been developed to break immune tolerance against important molecules associated with tumor angiogenesis
and induce angiogenesis-specific immune responses. This article reviews the angiogenesis-targeted immunotherapy of tumor from
the above two aspects. 相似文献
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Anticancer vaccines have been extensively studied in animal models and in clinical trials. While vaccination can lead to tumor protection in numerous murine models, objective tumor regressions after anticancer vaccination in clinical trials have been rare. B16 is a poorly immunogenic murine melanoma that has been extensively used in anticancer vaccination experiments. Because B16 has been widely used, different vaccination strategies can be compared. We reviewed the results obtained when B16 was treated with five common vaccine types: recombinant viral vaccines, DNA vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, whole-tumor vaccines, and peptide vaccines. We also reviewed the results obtained when B16 was treated with vaccines combined with adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T cells. We found several characteristics of vaccination regimens that were associated with antitumor efficacy. Many vaccines that incorporated xenogeneic antigens exhibited more potent anticancer activity than vaccines that were identical except that they incorporated the syngeneic version of the same antigen. Interleukin-2 enhanced the antitumor efficacy of several vaccines. Finally, several effective regimens generated large numbers of tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Identification of vaccine characteristics that are associated with antitumor efficacy may aid in the development of more effective anticancer vaccination strategies. 相似文献
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Immunotherapy of tumor by targeting angiogenesis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
HOU Jianmei TIAN Ling & WEI Yuquan Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Human Diseases of Ministry of Education West China Hospital of Sichuan university Chengdu China Correspondence should be addressed to Wei Yuquan 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2004,47(6):545-552
As early as 1971, Folkman proposed that thegrowth of and persistence of solid tumors and theirmetastasis depended on an adequate blood supply and,therefore, an anti-angiogenic strategy might be effec-tive as an anticancer therapy. As a strategy for cancertherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy attempts to stop newvessels from forming around a tumor and break up theexisting network of abnormal capillaries that feed thecancerous mass[1,2]. Anti-angiogenic therapy take someadvantages over the convention… 相似文献
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呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)感染是一个全球性的健康问题,目前临床上仍缺乏特异的治疗手段。接种疫苗主动免疫预防或使用抗体制剂被动免疫预防是避免重症感染和减少死亡的重要措施。针对不同的人群,须研制不同类型的RSV疫苗:减毒活疫苗对婴儿来说,可能是最佳选择;亚单位疫苗有引起增强型呼吸道疾病的风险,不适合RSV血清学阴性的婴幼儿接种,主要适用于老年人和孕妇。研发安全且有效的RSV疫苗难度大,虽然已有30余种RSV疫苗进入临床研究阶段,并显示出应用潜力,其中F纳米颗粒疫苗已率先进入III期临床试验,但在老年人和孕妇中未达预期效果。在RSV流行季节前,使用特异性抗体制剂也是预防高危人群严重RSV感染性疾病的有效手段。长效单克隆抗体MEDI8897比帕利珠单抗更具成本效益,已进入III期临床试验,且获得优先研发资格。多克隆免疫球蛋白RI-002已在免疫缺陷人群中显示出较好的预防效果,具有进一步研发的现实意义。本综述针对近年来RSV疫苗及其抗体的研究进展进行阐述,期望为RSV的预防提供参考。 相似文献
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Robinson HL 《Nature reviews. Immunology》2002,2(4):239-250
The twenty-first century has begun with considerable success for new AIDS vaccines in macaque models. A common feature of these vaccines is their ability to induce high-frequency CD8+ T-cell responses that control, rather than prevent, infection with HIV. The new vaccines, which include DNA vaccines and live viral vectors, are based on technologies that have been developed since the start of the AIDS epidemic. The ultimate promise of these vaccines will be realized only when efficacy trials in humans are conducted. 相似文献
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Tuberculosis vaccine development: recent progress 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
Recent years have seen a renewed effort to develop new vaccines against tuberculosis. As a result, several promising avenues of research have developed, including the production of recombinant vaccines, auxotrophic vaccines, DNA vaccines and subunit vaccines. In this article we briefly review this work, as well as consider the pros and cons of the animal models needed to test these new vaccines. Screening to date has been carried out in mouse and guinea pig models, which have been used to obtain basic information such as the effect of the vaccine on bacterial load, and whether the vaccine can prevent or reduce lung pathology. The results to date lead us to be optimistic that new candidate vaccines could soon be considered for evaluation in clinical trials. 相似文献
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Leptospirosis vaccines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leptospirosis is a serious infection disease caused by pathogenic strains of the Leptospira spirochetes, which affects not only humans but also animals. It has long been expected to find an effective vaccine to prevent
leptospirosis through immunization of high risk humans or animals. Although some leptospirosis vaccines have been obtained,
the vaccination is relatively unsuccessful in clinical application despite decades of research and millions of dollars spent.
In this review, the recent advancements of recombinant outer membrane protein (OMP) vaccines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vaccines,
inactivated vaccines, attenuated vaccines and DNA vaccines against leptospirosis are reviewed. A comparison of these vaccines
may lead to development of new potential methods to combat leptospirosis and facilitate the leptospirosis vaccine research.
Moreover, a vaccine ontology database was built for the scientists working on the leptospirosis vaccines as a starting tool. 相似文献
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新型猪瘟疫苗研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起猪的一种急性、热性和高度接触性传染病.该病呈世界性分布,给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失.目前,疫苗接种仍然是防控猪瘟的主要手段.虽然传统的猪瘟弱毒疫苗(如C株)安全有效,但猪瘟的临床表现发生了很大变化,呈现典型猪瘟和非典型猪瘟共存、隐性感染和持续感染并现,免疫失败的现象时有报道,且不能区分野毒感染和免疫接种.因此,研制安全、高效、能区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫动物(DIVA)的新型猪瘟疫苗极为必要.文中就近年来开发的核酸疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗、基于蛋白/肽的疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、嵌合瘟病毒疫苗等新型DIVA猪瘟疫苗作一综述. 相似文献
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Traditional and novel approaches to flavivirus vaccines 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Pugachev KV Guirakhoo F Trent DW Monath TP 《International journal for parasitology》2003,33(5-6):567-582
Yellow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis viruses are the medically most important members of the Flavivirus genus composed primarily of arboviruses. In this paper, we review the commercially available traditional flavivirus vaccines against yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis, as well as modern approaches to flavivirus vaccines. Formalin inactivation technology has been employed to produce killed vaccines. Flaviviruses have been attenuated by multiple passages in animal tissues and cell cultures to produce empirical live attenuated vaccines. The use of traditional methods is being pursued to develop vaccines against other flavivirus diseases, such as dengue, and to improve existing vaccines, such as for Japanese encephalitis. With the recent development of infectious clones, rational approaches to attenuated flavivirus vaccines have employed the introduction of specific mutations into wild type viruses and chimerisation between different viruses. Novel methods for delivery of live vaccines, such as inoculation of infectious DNA or RNA, have been described. Other approaches, such as the construction of protein subunit, expression vector-based and naked DNA vaccines, have been proposed to create alternate vaccine candidates. 相似文献
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Willadsen P 《Trends in parasitology》2008,24(4):164-167
After more than three decades of research into the development of vaccines against parasites, a substantial number of antigens have been identified that, as purified native proteins or recombinant proteins, induce some protection against the target parasite. Very few achieve a degree of efficacy likely to make them candidates for single-antigen vaccines. Therefore, multi-antigen or 'cocktail' vaccines are proposed based on the assumption that such cocktails will show enhanced efficacy. This assumption, although often poorly acknowledged, has become central to much vaccine research. The experimental evidence for it, however, is extremely scarce and contradictory. The efficacy of multicomponent vaccines deserves greater experimental attention than it has received. 相似文献