亚洲小车蝗痘病毒球状体蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

通过PCR扩增,获得OaEPV球状体蛋白基因编码区序列,并进行克隆、测序.分析结果显示,OaEPV球状体蛋白基因编码区全长为2967bp,编码分子量为111kDa的球状体蛋白.同源性分析表明,OaEPV球状体蛋白基因与直翅目昆虫痘病毒关系最近,与鳞翅目和鞘翅目昆虫痘病毒关系较远.对已知的几种昆虫痘病毒球状体蛋白基因做系统进化树,结果显示,以病毒寄主的昆虫分类目作为昆虫痘病毒的分属依据,更符合分子水平的分析结果,也与近年来许多学者所提出的"将鳞翅目与直翅目昆虫痘病毒分为2个不同的属"的观点相一致.对这些球状体蛋白氨基酸序列的疏水性进行分析,表明球状体蛋白的疏水性随寄主昆虫所处的目不同而表现出较大差异,这可能是因为病毒与寄主长期的协同进化的结果.     

意大利蝗痘病毒与西伯利亚蝗痘病毒包涵体蛋白基因序列分析(英文)

本文报道了意大利蝗痘病毒(CiEPV)与西伯利亚蝗痘病毒(GsEPV)包涵体蛋白基因序列分析。CiEPV与GsEPV包涵体蛋白基因分别包含2922bps,2967bps的开放阅读框架,编码109.2kDa,111.1kDa蛋白质。与鳞翅目及鞘翅目昆虫痘病毒包涵体蛋白氨基酸的同源性低于20％,而与其他直翅目昆虫痘病毒包涵体蛋白氨基酸的同源性均高于80％。CiEPV与GsEPV包涵体蛋白分别包含19与21半胱氨酸位点,主要分布在C-末端,半胱氨酸位点的数目与位置均类似于其他直翅目昆虫痘病毒包涵体蛋白。此两种痘病毒包涵体蛋白基因的启动子区域基因序列保守,富含A+T并且具有典型的痘病毒晚期启动子信号TAAATG。同时在此两种痘病毒包涵体基因的下游均克隆了另一个不完整的基因序列,此基因与血黑蝗痘病毒的MSV072基因同源,并且相对于包涵体蛋白基因为反向。     

急性呼吸道感染儿童中WU多瘤病毒基因组序列特征分析

为了解从北京地区急性呼吸道感染儿童中发现的WU多瘤病毒的基因组编码特征,并对其进行基因序列多样性分析,应用针对基因组5'端非编码区、衣壳蛋白VP1、VP2编码基因以及LTAg编码基因的引物对,从已确证为WU病毒阳性的来自北京地区急性呼吸道感染儿童的编号为BJF5276的临床标本中经聚合酶链反应扩增得到预期的基因片段,直接测序后将序列拼接得到全基因组序列,进而推导其基因组编码特征;随后从其它21例已确证为WU多瘤病毒阳性的急性呼吸道感染儿童标本中扩增得到衣壳蛋白VP2编码区基因,进行基因序列测定以及基因序列多样性分析。得到了WU病毒BJF5276全基因组序列。序列分析结果显示WU病毒BJF5276基因组序列全长为5229bp,共有5个主要的CDS(Coding domain sequences),分别编码衣壳蛋白VP2、VP3、VP1,并以其互补序列为模板,编码STAg和LTAg;所得到的22例VP2蛋白编码区基因序列同源性比较结果显示病毒VP2基因编码区序列与GenBank中已有的64个序列之间同源性很高;Mega4.0NJ进化树(Neighbor-joiningtree)分析显示这22个VP2基因序列分属于不同的基因进化簇,其中20个序列属于进化簇I中的Ia,另外2个序列属于进化簇III,其中的一个序列在IIIb基因进化簇中,另外一个序列独立成簇,不属于现有的IIIa或IIIb,暂时将其命名为IIIc。本研究结果提示北京地区的WU病毒具有多瘤病毒科的基因组编码特性;序列非常保守,有分属于不同基因进化簇的WU病毒在北京地区流行,与文献报道的以Ib流行为主所不同的是北京地区的WU病毒以Ia为主,且有新的基因进化簇出现。     

大紫蛱蝶线粒体基因组全序列分析

通过PCR步移法对大紫蛱蝶Sasakia charonda coreana线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定和分析。分析结果表明:大紫蛱蝶线粒体基因组全长15233bp,包括13个蛋白编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因以及长度为381bp的非编码区。A、T、C、G碱基含量分别为39.7%、40.2%、12.2%、7.9%。9个蛋白编码基因和14个tRNA基因在J链编码,其余4个蛋白编码基因和8个tRNA基因在N链编码,基因排列顺序与其它已知鳞翅目昆虫相同。13个蛋白编码基因中除COⅠ以CGA作为起始密码外,其余蛋白质基因均以ATN作为起始密码子,终止密码子多数为典型的TAA、TAG,只有COⅡ和ND4以单独的T作为终止密码子。在所测得的22个tRNA基因中,除tRNA Ser(AGN)缺少DHU臂外,其余tRNA均能形成典型的三叶草结构。与其它多数鳞翅目昆虫一样,大紫蛱蝶的非编码区序列中散在着一些长短不一的串联重复单元,在与其近缘物种非编码区的比较当中并未发现共同的保守序列区。     

ANALYSIS OF COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME OF SASAKIA CHARONDA COREANA (LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALIDA)

通过PCR步移法对大紫蛱蝶Sasakia charonda coreana线粒体基因组全序列进行了测定和分析.分析结果表明:大紫蛱蝶线粒体基因组全长15 233 bp,包括13个蛋白编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因以及长度为381bp的非编码区.A、T、C、G碱基含量分别为39.7％、40.2％、12.2％、7.9％.9个蛋白编码基因和14个tRNA基因在J链编码,其余4个蛋白编码基因和8个tRNA基因在N链编码,基因排列顺序与其它已知鳞翅目昆虫相同.13个蛋白编码基因中除COⅠ以CGA作为起始密码外,其余蛋白质基因均以ATN作为起始密码子,终止密码子多数为典型的TAA、TAG,只有COⅡ和ND4以单独的T作为终止密码子.在所测得的22个tRNA基因中,除tRNASer (AGN)缺少DHU臂外,其余tRNA均能形成典型的三叶草结构.与其它多数鳞翅目昆虫一样,大紫蛱蝶的非编码区序列中散在着一些长短不一的串联重复单元,在与其近缘物种非编码区的比较当中并未发现共同的保守序列区.     

直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组特征及系统发育研究

目前GenBank数据库共收录167种直翅目昆虫全线粒体基因组序列,涉及蝗亚目9个总科22个科99个物种,螽亚目7个总科12个科68个物种。在此基础上,该文分析了直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的基本特征,概述了线粒体全基因组在直翅目昆虫系统发育研究上的应用;同时基于线粒体全基因组序列重建了直翅目昆虫的系统发育关系。主要结果如下:(1)直翅目昆虫存在8种线粒体基因组排列类型,其中trnK-trnD重排现象仅发生在蝗总科中,trnN-trnS-trnE重排现象仅发生在蟋蟀总科中,trnM-trnI-(-trnQ)重排现象仅发生在拟叶蟲亚科中;(2)直翅目昆虫全线粒体基因组的碱基组成具有明显的AT偏向性;(3)不同的蛋白质编码基因在直翅目昆虫中的进化速率不同;(4)支持直翅目以及螽亚目和蝗亚目的单系性;(5)不支持沙螽总科单系性;(6)支持蝗亚目各总科阶元的单系性,且各总科间的系统发育关系为:(蚤蝼总科+(蚱总科+(?蜢总科+(蜢总科+(长角蝗总科+(牛蝗总科+叶翅蝗总科)+(锥头蝗总科+蝗总科))))))。     

小菜蛾颗粒体病毒PP31与两种宿主蛋白发生相互作用

在病毒侵染和复制过程中,病毒与宿主之间存在广泛的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。本研究建立了一个小菜蛾幼虫cDNA文库,用于筛查与小菜蛾颗粒体病毒(Plutella xylostella granulovirus,PlxyGV)蛋白相互作用的小菜蛾幼虫蛋白。pp31同源基因存在于所有鳞翅目昆虫杆状病毒。其编码产物是一种磷蛋白,与病毒基因表达调控相关。本研究通过酵母双杂交实验从小菜蛾幼虫cDNA文库中筛选出两个与PlxyGV PP31相互作用的蛋白质基因。序列分析结果显示这两个基因的预期编码产物分别是小菜蛾蛋白激酶C受体(RACK)和一种甲硫氨酰氨肽酶2(MetAP2)同源蛋白。原核表达和蛋白质纯化实验结果显示,rack与6-组氨酸编码序列的融合基因的表达产物是一个38kD多肽。在GST-pulldown实验中,RACK蛋白随同GST-PP31融合蛋白一起吸附于GST亲和树脂,进一步证实了小菜蛾RACK蛋白与PlxyGV PP31发生相互作用。     

家蚕传染性软化病病毒（桐乡株）VP1基因片段的克隆及序列分析

以首株在中国分离到的家蚕传染性软化病病毒（Bombyx mori infectious flacherie virus,BmIFV）BmIFV-CHN001基因组为模板,扩增了编码主要结构蛋白的VP1基因。克隆测序后得到VP1基因片段906 bp。该序列与已发表的日本毒株相比,核苷酸序列的相似性为99.3%,编码氨基酸的相似性为100%,证明该毒株与家蚕传染性软化病病毒日本株的同源性较高。把BmIFV-CHN001的VP1序列与同属的另外6个昆虫小RNA病毒的结构蛋白进行序列比对,构建系统发育树,对其进化关系进行了初步分析,结果显示这7种病毒具有相近的亲缘关系,而BmIFV-CHN001与蜜蜂囊雏病毒的亲缘关系最近。     

棉铃虫核多角体病毒泛素基因的克隆表达及抗体制备

昆虫杆状病毒和痘病毒是目前已知唯一编码泛素基因的病毒。通过PCR方法,克隆了棉铃虫核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)泛素基因(Ubiquitin,Ubi)。序列分析表明,该基因编码区全长252bp,编码83个氨基酸残基,预计分子量为9.24kDa。将泛素基因克隆到原核表达载体pET28a上,构建重组质粒pETUbi,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白。用Histag抗体检测目的蛋白,Westenblot实验证明所表达的蛋白是带有Histag的重组融合蛋白。通过改变IPTG浓度和诱导时间对表达条件进行了优化。利用NI琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,SDSPAGE鉴定为单一条带,同时用提纯蛋白制备了特异性抗体,为进一步的研究打下基础。     

棉铃虫核多角体病毒泛素基因的克隆表达及抗体制备

昆虫杆状病毒和痘病毒是目前已知唯一编码泛素基因的病毒.通过PCR方法,克隆了棉铃虫核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)泛素基因(Ubiquitin,Ubi).序列分析表明,该基因编码区全长252bp,编码83个氨基酸残基,预计分子量为9.24kDa.将泛素基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a上,构建重组质粒pET-Ubi,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白.用His-tag抗体检测目的蛋白,Westen-blot实验证明所表达的蛋白是带有His-tag的重组融合蛋白.通过改变IPTG浓度和诱导时间对表达条件进行了优化.利用NI-琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE鉴定为单一条带,同时用提纯蛋白制备了特异性抗体,为进一步的研究打下基础.     

New Insights into the Evolution of Entomopoxvirinae from the Complete Genome Sequences of Four Entomopoxviruses Infecting Adoxophyes honmai,Choristoneura biennis,Choristoneura rosaceana,and Mythimna separata

Poxviruses are nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses encompassing two subfamilies, the Chordopoxvirinae and the Entomopoxvirinae, infecting vertebrates and insects, respectively. While chordopoxvirus genomics have been widely studied, only two entomopoxvirus (EPV) genomes have been entirely sequenced. We report the genome sequences of four EPVs of the Betaentomopoxvirus genus infecting the Lepidoptera: Adoxophyes honmai EPV (AHEV), Choristoneura biennis EPV (CBEV), Choristoneura rosaceana EPV (CREV), and Mythimna separata EPV (MySEV). The genomes are 80% AT rich, are 228 to 307 kbp long, and contain 247 to 334 open reading frames (ORFs). Most genes are homologous to those of Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus and encode several protein families repeated in tandem in terminal regions. Some genomes also encode proteins of unknown functions with similarity to those of other insect viruses. Comparative genomic analyses highlight a high colinearity among the lepidopteran EPV genomes and little gene order conservation with other poxvirus genomes. As with previously sequenced EPVs, the genomes include a relatively conserved central region flanked by inverted terminal repeats. Protein clustering identified 104 core EPV genes. Among betaentomopoxviruses, 148 core genes were found in relatively high synteny, pointing to low genomic diversity. Whole-genome and spheroidin gene phylogenetic analyses showed that the lepidopteran EPVs group closely in a monophyletic lineage, corroborating their affiliation with the Betaentomopoxvirus genus as well as a clear division of the EPVs according to the orders of insect hosts (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Orthoptera). This suggests an ancient coevolution of EPVs with their insect hosts and the need to revise the current EPV taxonomy to separate orthopteran EPVs from the lepidopteran-specific betaentomopoxviruses so as to form a new genus.     

Spindles of an entomopoxvirus facilitate its infection of the host insect by disrupting the peritrophic membrane

The mode of action by which entomopoxvirus (EPV) spindles, proteinaceous crystalline bodies produced by EPVs, enhance EPV infection has not been clarified. We fed Anomala cuprea EPV (AcEPV) spindles to host insects; subsequent scanning electron microscopy revealed the disruption of the peritrophic membranes (PMs) of these insects. The PM is reportedly a barrier against the infection of some insects by viruses. Quantitative PCR of AcEPV DNA in the ectoperitrophic area revealed that PM disruption facilitated the passage of EPVs through the PM toward the initial infection site, the midgut epithelium. These results indicate that EPV spindles enhance infection by EPVs by disrupting the PM in the host insects. Fusolin is almost exclusively the constituent protein of the spindles and is the enhancing factor of the infectivity of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) and possibly that of EPVs. Spheroid is another type of proteinaceous crystalline structure produced by EPVs. Pseudaletia separata EPV (PsEPV) spheroids reportedly contain considerable amounts of fusolin and enhance NPV infection. We assessed the ability of AcEPV spheroids to enhance EPV infectivity and their effect on the PM and carried out immunological experiments; these experiments showed that AcEPV spheroids contain little or no fusolin and are biologically inactive, in contrasts to the situation in PsEPV.     

CONSTRUCTION AND PRIMAL APPLICATION OF A CLONED DNA PROBE FOR OEDALEUS ASIATICUS ENTOMOPOXVIRUS

Abstract  One fragment of the Oedaleus asiaticus entomopoxvirus (OaEPV) DNA cleaved with Bgl I was cloned into the EbmHI site of GEM-7zf(+) and then labeled by random oligonucletide primer to be a cloned DNA probe. This probe had species specificity to Dociostaurus kruussi EPV and Nosema to custae , but not to Calliptomus italicus EPV. The probe was able to detect Ing OaEPV DNA, 10² viral spheroids and OaEPV in the infected grasshopper homogenates.     

Transient, nonlethal expression of genes in vertebrate cells by recombinant entomopoxviruses.

The group B entomopoxvirus (EPV) from Amsacta moorei (AmEPV) productively infects only insect cells. A series of AmEPV-lacZ recombinants was constructed in which the lacZ gene was regulated by either late (the AmEPV spheroidin or the cowpox virus A-type inclusion [ATI]) or early (the AmEPV esp [early strong promoter; derived from a 42-kDa AmEPV protein] or the Melolontha melolontha EPV fusolin, fus) virus promoters. When the AmEPV recombinants were used to infect vertebrate cells, beta-galactosidase expression occurred (in >30% of the cells) when lacZ was regulated by either the fus or esp early promoters but not when lacZ was regulated by the late promoters (spheroidin or ATI). Therefore, AmEPV enters vertebrate cells and undergoes at least a partial uncoating and early, but not late, viral genes are expressed. Neither viral DNA synthesis nor cytopathic effects were observed under any infection conditions. When an AmEPV recombinant virus containing the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) under the control of the esp promoter was used to infect vertebrate cells at a low multiplicity of infection, single fluorescent cells resulted, which continued to divide over a period of several days, ultimately forming fluorescent cell clusters, suggesting that vertebrate cells survive the infection and continue to grow. Therefore, AmEPV may prove to be a highly efficient, nontoxic method of gene delivery into vertebrate cells for transient gene expression.     

Structural proteins of Amsacta moorei,Euxoa auxiliaris, and Melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxviruses

The structural proteins of Amsacta moorei, Euxoa auxiliaris, and Melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxviruses (EPVs) were separated by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. More than 35 structural proteins were detected in each virus. Based on the distribution and the variation in the molecular weights of the virus structural proteins little homology was detected between the EPVs and vaccinia virus. The molecular weight of Amsacta EPV occlusion body matrix protein (110,000) was determined by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The occlusion body matrix protein of Amsacta EPV occluded virus isolated from infected E. acrea larvae was rapidly degraded at pH 10.6 to peptides of approximately 94,000 and 60,000 daltons. After 2 hr incubation at alkaline pH, Amsacta EPV occlusion body protein was degraded to approximately 56,000 daltons. Proteolysis of occlusion body protein was inhibited by SDS. No proteolytic degradation was detected in occlusion body matrix protein isolated from Amsacta EPV infected BTI-EAA cells. Amino acid analysis indicates that entomopoxvirus occlusion body matrix protein consists of approximately 20% acidic amino acids and 9% of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine.