清热消炎复方制剂抗流感病毒作用的研究

为评价清热消炎复方制剂(简称AI)的抗流感病毒活性,我们以病毒唑为对照,通过在体外观察病毒致细胞病变效应(CPE)、MTT细胞染色检查病毒抑制率和检测病毒血凝滴度;在体内观察其对染毒小鼠的死亡保护作用,对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎的抑制作用,以及对小鼠肺内病毒增殖的影响,从而判定其抗流感病毒作用.结果发现AI在160ug/mL时能完全抑制流感病毒在MDCK细胞内的增殖复制作用.体内实验中0.1 g/kg,0.5g/kg,1.2g/kg 3个剂量均能明显降低染毒小鼠的致死率,延长平均存活时间;降低肺炎小鼠的肺指数和血凝滴度(P<0.01).其作用与病毒唑相当.结论认为清热消炎复方制剂是一种有效的体内、体外抗流感病毒中药复方制剂.     

小花清风藤水提物体内抗流感病毒的研究

目的:研究小花清风藤水提物体内抗流感病毒的活性。方法:采用滴鼻感染流感病毒建立BALB/c小鼠肺炎模型,以小鼠存活率、平均存活时间、肺指数、肺组织中病毒滴度及肺组织病理改变为指标,观察不同剂量小花清风藤水提物体内抗流感病毒的活性。结果:与模型组比较,小花清风藤水提物中剂量(i.g,6.5 g/kg)能提高小鼠生存率30%,延长小鼠存活时间,降低小鼠肺指数和肺组织中病毒滴度,明显改善感染小鼠肺组织炎症病变。结论:小花清风藤水提物在体内具有一定的抗流感病毒的作用。     

流感泰得在小鼠体内抗H1N1型FM1株流感病毒活性研究

目的:研究流感泰得预防给药在小鼠体内对H1N1型FM1株流感病毒的抑制作用及对病毒感染小鼠的保护作用。方法:BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组,病毒对照组,磷酸奥司他韦组,流感泰得2.5、5、10 mg/kg组,提前24h和1 h滴鼻给药2次,于第二次给药1 h后滴鼻感染小鼠造成肺炎模型,连续观察14 d,统计小鼠存活率、平均存活天数、体重变化;按以上方法于造模后第5 d天取肺脏,计算肺指数、肺脏病毒滴度。结果:与病毒对照组相比,流感泰得3个剂量组可明显提高病毒感染小鼠的存活率,延长平均存活时间,缓解病毒感染引起的体重降低,降低病毒感染小鼠的肺指数和肺脏病毒滴度。结论:流感泰得在小鼠体内预防给药具有抗H1N1型FM1株流感病毒活性。     

石香薷挥发油对流感A3病毒的抑制作用

评估了MCMVO体内外抗流感A3 病毒作用。在Vero细胞中测定MCMVO对流感A3 病毒所致细胞病变的抑制作用 ;在鸡胚中检测对流感A3 病毒血凝效价的抑制作用 ;在小白鼠体内测定对流感病毒性肺炎的治疗作用。结果显示 ,MCMVO在浓度大于 4.9mg/L时能有效抑制流感A3 病毒所致Vero细胞CPE。在 9日龄鸡胚中浓度为 5 0 0mg/L ,2 5 0mg/L和 5 0mg/L的MCMVO能使流感A3 病毒血凝效价由 1∶12 80分别下降到 1∶2 0 ,1∶40和1∶16 0。在给药剂量在 10 0 μg/ (g·d)以上时 ,对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎有明显的治疗作用。结果表明 ,MCMVO具有抗流感A3 病毒作用     

A型流感病毒NS1基因密码子去优化改造引起病毒毒力减弱

根据A型流感病毒密码子使用偏嗜性,选取稀有密码子对A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)病毒NS1基因内部110个氨基酸区域进行密码子同义突变改造,并全基因合成NS基因,利用反向遗传操作技术拯救出含有密码子去优化NS1基因的重组病毒(deoNS)。体外细胞噬斑形成实验和病毒生长曲线证明该病毒在MDCK细胞内的感染和复制能力比野生型病毒低约1000倍;BALB/c小鼠体内致病力实验证明deoNS病毒不能引起小鼠发病和死亡,该病毒在小鼠肺内的复制滴度比野生型病毒低100～1000倍。本研究探索了通过基因组密码子去优化改造途径降低A型流感病毒毒力的可行性,首次证明流感病毒NS1基因密码子去优化同义突变可以降低病毒毒力,为流感减毒活疫苗的研究提供了新的思路。     

黑色素抑制流感病毒诱导宿主细胞凋亡

报道了流感病毒体外诱导狗肾细胞系（ＭＤＣＫ）细胞凋亡的检测结果,对黑色素选择性抑制流感病毒诱导细胞凋亡的可能性进行了探讨,同时与临床上常用的抗病毒药物病毒唑的效果进行比较。结果显示：病毒感染６ｈ后,即可观测到宿主细胞核固缩现象、ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳出现特征性的梯状图谱,感染１２ｈ后,细胞核可见明显的裂解;并且流感病毒株Ａ１／京防８６１诱导细胞凋亡能力强于Ｂ沪防／９３－１;在２０～１２５μｇ／ｍＬ浓度范围内,黑色素可有效抑制６４个血凝单位（ＨＵ）的流感病毒感染诱导的细胞凋亡而无细胞毒性作用,其抑制效率类似病毒唑。初步研究结果表明：黑色素抗流感病毒诱导细胞凋亡机理与其阻断病毒吸附侵入宿主细胞有关     

季节性流感裂解疫苗在小鼠中针对同型与异型流感病毒的免疫保护效力

为了研究季节性流感裂解疫苗在小鼠中针对甲型流感病毒同型同株、同型异株、异型异株攻击的免疫保护效力及其与诱发的血凝抑制(HI)抗体滴度的关系,本研究使用我国2008~2009年度季节性流感裂解疫苗中不同剂量的甲1型流感病毒H1N1(疫苗株病毒A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)-like)和甲3型流感病毒的H3N2(疫苗株病毒A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like)疫苗组分免疫BALB/c小鼠,首先确定了能在小鼠中诱发血HI抗体滴度达到40的疫苗免疫剂量;然后以此剂量免疫小鼠,分别使用同型同株流感病毒(鼠肺适应株A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)-like virus(MA))(简称A1)和同型异株流感病毒(鼠肺适应株A/Purto Rico/8/34(H1N1))(简称PR8)攻击H1N1疫苗免疫小鼠,使用异型异株流感病毒A1攻击H3N2疫苗免疫小鼠,通过体重变化和存活率情况,探讨季节性流感疫苗在小鼠中针对甲型流感病毒同型同株、同型异株、异型异株攻击的保护效力。结果显示,季节性流感裂解疫苗H1N1和H3N2组分按照HA不同剂量0.15μg、0.5μg、1.5μg、5μg和15μg免疫小鼠后,所诱发的HI抗体滴度随免疫剂量的增加而增强,1.5μgHA即可以诱发免疫小鼠HI抗体滴度达到40;以此剂量免疫小鼠,分别使用3LD50、10LD50、30LD50、100LD50、300LD50、1 000LD50和3 000LD50的同型同株流感病毒A1进行攻击,1.5μgH1N1疫苗可以100%保护小鼠抵御高至1000LD50同型同株流感病毒A1的攻击,15μg甚至可以100%保护3 000LD50同型同株流感病毒A1的攻击,但是这两个剂量免疫的小鼠在低至3LD50同型异株流感病毒PR8的攻击后都全部死亡;使用可以诱发HI抗体滴度达到140的15μg H3N2疫苗免疫小鼠,在低至3LD50异型异株流感病毒A1的攻击后亦全部死亡。以上结果表明,季节性流感疫苗可使小鼠HI抗体滴度达到40的疫苗免疫剂量为1.5μg,该免疫剂量可以有效保护小鼠抵御同型同株流感病毒的攻击,但是难以保护小鼠抵御同型异株与异型异株流感病毒的攻击,这一结果为建立以季节性流感疫苗为参考的免疫保护评价体系提供了实验依据。     

蛋氨酸脑啡肽（MEK）抗B型流感病毒感染作用的研究

研究MEK抗B型流感病毒感染的作用。采用MDCK细胞和9～10日龄鸡胚,按不同的顺序加入不同剂量MEK和B型流感病毒,共培养72 h后做血凝实验。所有加入B型流感病毒的MDCK细胞均培养出病毒,HA滴度为1：64。在鸡胚尿囊腔中,先注入MEK孵育24 h后,再注入B型流感病毒的鸡胚也培养出病毒,HA滴度为1：6.8,与病毒对照组比较P〈0.01,有统计学意义。实验结果未见MEK直接抗B型流感病毒感染MDCK细胞株的作用,但可见MEK抗B型流感病毒感染鸡胚的作用。     

清温解毒汤提取物体内抗病毒活性研究

目的:研究清温解毒汤提取物体内对流感病毒的防治作用,阐明该提取物体内抗病毒的作用机制。方法:选用NIH小鼠,于乙醚浅麻醉下经鼻滴入流感病毒,观察清温解毒汤提取物对感染病毒小鼠的保护作用,以及对小鼠肺指数的影响。结果:对感染病毒小鼠的保护作用实验显示,清温解毒汤提取物低、中、高剂量组的小鼠死亡率均较病毒对照组减少;清温解毒颗粒中、高剂量组能明显提高小鼠的平均存活天数(P<0.05)及延长动物的生命率;对小鼠的肺指数的影响实验则显示清温解毒汤提取物组动物的低、中、高剂量组动物肺指数与病毒对照组比较,虽无显著性差异(P>0.05),但存在明显的剂量依赖关系。结论:清温解毒汤提取物具有一定的抗流感病毒作用,其机制可能与其能够延长小鼠存活时间及抑制肺肿胀有关。     

流感病毒在Vero细胞上的增殖

目的研究流感病毒在非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero细胞)上高效增殖的最适条件。方法将Vero细胞在50cm2细胞瓶或3000mL旋转瓶中培养成单层,以不同感染复数接种流感病毒,在不同的培养条件下孵育,取上清测病毒血凝滴度。结果当加入胰酶终浓度为40μg·mL-1时,低感染复数接种流感病毒,可获得高效价病毒液,在3000mL旋转培养瓶中流感病毒的易感性较在50cm2静置培养瓶中略高。结论建立了流感病毒在Vero细胞上高效增殖的初步方法。     

Antiviral activity of the effective monomers from folium isatidis against influenza virus in vivo

In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo, we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups, then observed their lung indexes, pulmonary pathological changes, pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers, living time and death rates. The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93, 1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84, 0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01). In addition, different groups of FI could significantly lessen the mortality rate from 100% to 30%, 25% and 15%, and prolong the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d, 8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01). The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05), and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).     

北柴胡茎叶总黄酮抗流感病毒的作用

北柴胡 (BupleurumchinenseDC .)茎叶总黄酮 (TFB) 0 .0 9g kg剂量组对乙型流感病毒 (B 京防 98 76 )感染小鼠具有明显的保护作用 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,0 .0 3g kg和 0 .0 9g kg剂量组能明显降低乙型流感病毒 (B 京防 98 76 )感染小鼠肺指数值 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,肺指数抑制率分别为 2 0 .5 %和 2 5 .4 %。组织病理学检查结果表明 ,TFB各剂量组与模型组比较 ,肺部病变均明显减轻 ,其中以TFB高剂量组肺部总体病变程度最轻 ,疗效最好。     

Total alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris inhibit influenza a virus replication and lung immunopathology by regulating the innate immune response

BackgroundAlstonia scholaris is a folk medicine used to treat cough, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. Total alkaloids (TA) from A. scholaris exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in acute respiratory disease, which suggests their possible anti-inflammatory effect on influenza virus infection.PurposeTo assess the clinical use of TA by demonstrating their anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory effects and the possible mechanism underlying the effect of TA on influenza A virus (IAV) infection in vitro and to reveal the inhibitory effect of TA on lung immunopathology caused by IAV infection.MethodsAntiviral and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and A549 cells and U937-derived macrophages infected with influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Bio-Plex assays. The activation of innate immune signaling induced by H1N1 virus in the absence or presence of TA was detected in A549 cells by Western blot. Furthermore, mice were infected intranasally with H1N1 virus and treated with TA (50, 25 and 12.5 mg/kg/d) or oseltamivir (60 mg/kg/d) for 5 days in vivo. The survival rates and body weight were recorded, and the viral titer, proinflammatory cytokine levels, innate immune cell populations and histopathological changes in the lungs were analyzed.ResultsTA significantly inhibited viral replication in A549 cells and U937-derived macrophages and markedly reduced cytokine and chemokine production at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, TA blocked the activation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)- and IFN-activated signal transduction in A549 cells. Critically, TA also increased the survival rate, reduced the viral titer, suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production and innate immune cell infiltration and improved lung histopathology in a lethal PR8 mouse model.ConclusionTA exhibits anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects against IAV infection by interfering with PRR- and IFN-activated signal transduction.     

流感病毒在Vero细胞系与MDCK细胞系增殖条件的比较

目的研究流感病毒H1N1及其他亚型在Vero细胞系和MDCK细胞系高效增殖的最适条件,比较两种细胞系对流感病毒的敏感性差异及影响敏感性差异的条件。方法在培养好的Vero细胞系与MDCK细胞系用不同的病毒感染复数(M.O.I)、胰酶浓度、病毒吸附时间、病毒维持液血清质量浓度等条件进行流感病毒在细胞上的增殖。结果在M.O.I为0.01接种流感病毒,吸附时间为1 h,胰酶质量浓度2μg/mL,血清质量浓度为8%时,流感病毒血凝素在MDCK细胞系可获得较高的滴度。结论 MDCK细胞系是适于流感病毒培养的细胞,它作为生产新型流感病毒疫苗的主要细胞基质需要进一步的研究。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸体外对流感病毒H1N1的抑制作用

目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（N—acetylcysteine,NAC）在体外对流感病毒H1N1的抑制作用。方法采用MTT法、鸡胚接种法和免疫荧光法,观察NAC对流感病毒HlM的抑制作用。采用血球凝集试验、神经氨酸酶活性抑制试验和透射电镜负染技术,初步探讨NAC对流感病毒HlM的抑制机制。结果NAC在MDCK细胞上的最大无毒剂量是6．25mg／mL;流感病毒H1Nl在MDCK细胞上的半数致死感染浓度（TCID-50）为1012-2.25／100μ;在三种作用途径下（治疗性给药、预防性给药和直接灭活后给药）,NAC明显抑制了流感病毒HlNl对MDCK细胞的感染,细胞存活率分别为91．88％、93．21％、94．67％,在对照组,流感病毒H1N1感染后的细胞存活率为28．32％,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;免疫荧光结果显示,与病毒对照组形成的强特异性荧光相比,三种作用途径感染MDCK细胞后的特异性荧光明显减弱;鸡胚培养法的结果显示,NAC明显抑制了流感病毒H1N1在鸡胚内的增殖,实验组血凝效价低于1：2,对照组血凝效价为1：1024;神经氨酸酶活性抑制试验和透射电镜的结果显示,NAC能够明显抑制流感病毒川N1的神经氨酸酶活性,对流感病毒H1N1的病毒体结构也有明显的破坏作用。结论NAC在体外对流感病毒川N1有明显的抑制作用,其抑制机制可能与NAC对流感病毒血凝素和神经氨酸酶活性抑制及病毒体的直接破坏有关。     

Inhibitory role of neutrophils on influenza virus multiplication in the lungs of mice.

The protective role of neutrophils on intranasal infection of influenza virus was investigated in 3 strains of tumor-bearing mice with neutrophilic leukocytosis. In vitro multiplication of influenza virus was inhibited by neutrophils from both normal and tumor-bearing mice, and the inhibitory effect of neutrophils was augmented by an addition of fMLP to the culture. Pulmonary virus infectivities in the early phase after infection decreased in such ICR and BALB/c mice, and virus elimination in the late phase was accelerated in the ICR mice. However, no decrease in pulmonary virus infectivity was observed in tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Intranasal administration of fMLP into normal and tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice after infection significantly inhibited the virus propagation in the lungs. The decrease in neutrophil infiltration into the lung in tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice was confirmed from histological observations of the lung and lung lavage after infection and from analysis of the neutrophil chemotactic activity induced by fMLP. This might be responsible for the high level of pulmonary virus titer in tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Phagocytic activities of alveolar macrophages and productions of neutralizing antibody were suppressed in the 3 strains of tumor-bearing mice. These observations indicated that neutrophils could be significant effector cells as a host defense mechanism against influenza virus infection in vivo, and infiltration and functional activation of neutrophils could play a significant role in virus elimination from the infected site. Furthermore, the inhibition of virus propagation by neutrophils in vitro was almost completely abrogated by an addition of ZnSO4, suggesting that calprotectin could inhibit influenza virus multiplication.     

Anti-Influenza A Virus Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. Extract

To study the antiviral effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract (HPE) on influenza A virus (IAV) (H1N1) in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect (CPE) and neutral red (NR) dye uptake were used to examine the antiviral effect of HPE on Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells which were infected with IAV in vitro. HPE was effective against influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 40 μg/mL. The mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in the MDCK used in these experiments was 1.5 mg/mL. Ribavirin was run in parallel with EC50 values of 5.0 μg/mL; the mean CC50 for ribavirin was 520 μg/mL. Oral gavage administrations of HPE or ribavirin to mice infected with the IAV were highly effective in preventing death, slowing the decline of arterial oxygen saturation, inhibiting lung consolidation and reducing lung virus titers. The minimum effective dose of HPE in these studies was 31.25 mg/kg/day, which was administered twice daily for 5 d beginning 4 h prior to virus exposure. Below a dosage of 2000 mg/kg/day, almost all treated mice survived, which suggests that HPE is of low toxicity. Ribavirin's minimum effective dose was 40 mg/kg/day with the LD50 determined to be 200 mg/kg/day. Delay of the initiation of either HPE or ribavirin therapy, using approximately 1/3 LD50 dose each time, could still be protective as late as 48 h after exposure to the IAV. While both agents appeared to have similar efficacy against IAV infections, HPE was considered to be less toxic and may warrant further evaluation as a possible therapy for influenza.     

转谷氨酰胺酶2抑制H1亚型流感病毒在MDCK细胞中的增殖

组织转谷酰胺酶(transglutaminase 2,TGM2)是一种普遍存在的多功能蛋白,与不同细胞的粘附和肿瘤形成有关.有证据表明,TGM2参与了宿主细胞与病毒间的相互作用,但是对于流感病毒在细胞内增殖的影响还未有报道.为了探究MDCK细胞中TGM2对H1N1亚型流感病毒增殖的影响,本研究构建了TGM2过表达和敲除...     

重组细胞高产型H3N2猪流感病毒株的拯救

为拯救出一株能够在动物传代细胞中高水平复制的H3N2亚型猪流感疫苗株,利用反向遗传操作技术,将A/Goose/Dalian/3/01(H9N2)毒株的PB1、PA、NP、M、NS基因和A/PR/8/34毒株的PB2基因作为内部基因与猪流感病毒A/Swine/Henan/S4/01(H3N2)毒株的HA、NA基因进行重组,成功拯救出了具有高度细胞适应性毒株rH3N2株,该毒株接毒MDCK细胞60h后,血凝价可以达到1∶512,表明该毒株具有高度适应细胞繁殖特性,为H3N2亚型猪流感病毒细胞培养型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

Development and strategies of cell-culture technology for influenza vaccine

Influenza is a pandemic contagious disease and causes human deaths and huge economic destruction of poultry in the world. In order to control and prevent influenza, mainly type A, influenza vaccine for human and poultry were available since the 1940s and 1920s, respectively. In the development of vaccine production, influenza viruses were cultured originally from chicken embryos to anchorage-dependent cell lines, such as MDCK and Vero. The anchorage-independent lines have also been used to produce influenza virus, such as PER.C6 and engineering modified MDCK and Vero. During the process of influenza vaccine production, the common problem faced by all producers is how to improve the titer of influenza virus. This paper focuses on the developments of cell culture for influenza virus vaccine production, limitations of cell culture, and relative strategies for improvement virus yields in cell-culture systems.