含生物型增效剂棉铃虫病毒悬浮剂的应用效果研究

本文报道含生物型增效剂棉铃虫核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaNPV)悬浮剂对害虫的防治效果及其对天敌数量的影响.作者筛选灭幼脲类似物作为棉铃虫核多角体病毒的生物型增效剂,HaNPV+4.2ppm氟啶脲(chlorfluazuron)感染3龄初棉铃虫幼虫,感染幼虫的半致死时间(LT50)为2.24d,比单用HaNPV感染幼虫的LT50缩短2.66d.含生物型增效剂的棉铃虫核多角体病毒悬浮剂在田间应用,施药后5d,对2代和4代棉铃虫的防治效果分别为81.4%~85.2%和70.7%~82.6%,施药后7d,对2代和4代的防治效果分别为85.2%~86.3%和69.6%~82.9%.棉铃虫病毒悬浮剂中的生物型增效剂对天敌数量仅有轻微影响.含生物型增效剂棉铃虫核多角体病毒悬浮剂不仅能有效控制害虫,而且对天敌有很好的保护作用.     

粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒重组增效蛋白的增效作用

采用时间 剂量 死亡率模型 ,分析了粉纹夜蛾 (Trichoplusiani)颗粒体病毒重组增效蛋白P96对棉铃虫 (Helicoverpaarmigera)核型多角体病毒 (HaNPV)感染棉铃虫幼虫的增效作用。结果显示 :感染后 11d ,HaNPV P96组的LC50 值为 3.4 7× 10 3 多角体 /mL ,比HaNPV组 ( 3.89× 10 4 多角体 /mL)降低了 91.0 8% ;在 1.6× 10 4 ～ 1.6× 10 6多角体 /mL浓度范围内 ,HaNPV P96组的LT50 值较HaNPV组缩短 0 .3～ 1.8d。P96显著提高了HaNPV对棉铃虫幼虫的毒力     

SeMNPV两个分离株的生物活性比较及病毒杀虫剂的应用

本文对甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒的两个分离株(SeMNPV-M,SeMNPV-Z)的生物活性进行了比较,并对甜 菜夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫悬浮剂的田间应用效果进行了评估。病毒生物测定结果显示,SeNPV-M和SeNPV-Z 感染三龄幼虫的半致死剂量(LD50)分别为195．8 PIBs／克饲料和242．4 PIBs／克饲料。使用6000PIB／克饲料的病 毒剂量感染三龄幼虫,其半致死时间(LT50)分别为3．50d和3．68d。甜菜夜蛾病毒杀虫悬浮剂已在工厂生产,田间 实验结果表明,甜菜夜蛾病毒杀虫悬浮剂可有效控制目标害虫的危害。     

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒与增效剂混配对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的防治效果研究

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒 (Ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａｌｉｔｕｒａｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ ,简称ＳｐｌｔＮＰＶ)杀虫剂是一种无公害的生物杀虫剂 ,主要用于防治多食性的重要经济害虫斜纹夜蛾 ,同时兼治其它一些鳞翅目害虫。该产品主要由ＳｐｌｔＮＰＶ、增效剂、填料等组成。本文研究了斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒 (ＳｐｌｔＮＰＶ)、增效剂以及两者混配对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的防治效果。在室温条件下 ,斜纹夜蛾幼虫的死亡率随病毒浓度或增效剂添加量的提高而增加。增效剂和ＳｐｌｔＮＰＶ混配后 ,对斜纹夜蛾幼虫防治效果比单独使用…     

SeMNPV两个分离株的生物活性比较及病毒杀虫剂的应用

本文对甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒的两个分离株(SeMNPV-M,SeMNPV-Z)的生物活性进行了比较,并对甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫悬浮剂的田间应用效果进行了评估.病毒生物测定结果显示,SeNPV-M和SeNPV-Z感染三龄幼虫的半致死剂量(LD50)分别为195.8 PIBs/克饲料和242.4 PIBs/克饲料.使用6000PIB/克饲料的病毒剂量感染三龄幼虫,其半致死时间(LT50)分别为3.50d和3.68d.甜菜夜蛾病毒杀虫悬浮剂已在工厂生产,田问实验结果表明,甜菜夜蛾病毒杀虫悬浮剂可有效控制目标害虫的危害.     

杆状病毒的垂直传播及绿色荧光蛋白在棉铃虫幼虫中的表达

用转座穿梭系统构建了携带绿色荧光蛋白基因（gfp）的重组棉铃虫核型多角体病毒rHa-FGP,以其多角体添食感染棉铃虫3龄幼虫,室内饲养3代,各代均可见自然光下发绿色荧光的棉铃虫幼虫,其中子代不再重复感染。F₀、F₁、F₂代发绿色荧光的棉铃虫幼虫所占百分比分别为34%、20%、8%。提取虫体内的病毒多角体DNA,以PCR和斑点杂交鉴定表明,gfp不仅在亲代棉铃虫体内正常表达,而且在子代幼虫中表达,HaNPV通过卵实现了垂直传播。     

OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用

本文以OB作为斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus,SpltNPV）的增效剂,对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫进行生物测定,结果表明,在0．25％-1．00％的浓度范围内,随着OB增效剂浓度的提高,其对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也随着提高,最高增效倍数达85．1倍;在2～4龄幼虫范围内,随着虫龄的增大,OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也增加;而随着温度的升高,增效剂的增效作用无显著提高。     

刚果红对棉铃虫中肠围食膜的影响及其病毒增效作用

通过观察棉铃虫幼虫正常围食膜（peritrophic membrane, PM）的形态、结构和组成,研究了刚果红对棉铃虫幼虫围食膜的破坏作用及其对棉铃虫核多角体病毒（HaNPV）的增效作用。结果表明,棉铃虫的围食膜分布于整个中肠,包裹着食物呈液囊状,类似于Ⅰ型围食膜;健康的围食膜呈无色、透明网状结构,并具有一定韧性,经刚果红染色后呈现桔红色。使用不同浓度梯度的刚果红喂食5龄幼虫,结果显示摄取含1.5%和2.0%刚果红的饲料2.5 h后,宿主不能形成完整的围食膜,而是形成易脆无弹性的围食膜碎片。经过恢复实验后发现,刚果红对围食膜的破坏作用是瞬时的,可以在较短时间内得到修复。用1.0%刚果红喂食初孵幼虫,发现1.0%刚果红对棉铃虫的幼虫生长不能产生明显的影响。1.0％刚果红能加强棉铃虫幼虫对HaNPV的敏感性,缩短病毒杀虫时间,能使5龄幼虫的病毒感染致死率达到63％,对HaNPV具有非常显著的增效作用。     

中国棉铃虫核型多角体病毒VHA273原毒株及其克隆株的比较研究

本文从形态结构、生物活性、核酸限制性内切酶图谱、结构多肽等方面对中国棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(HaNPV)VHA273多粒包埋型原毒株及其单粒包埋型克隆株H9进行了比较研究.它们对中国棉铃虫三龄初幼虫的LC5o值分别为2.987×104PIBs/mL和1.647×104PIBs/mL当感染剂量为2×107PIBs/mL时,其LT5o值分别是4.866d和4.797d.两个毒株的生物活性差别不大.经SDS-PAGE分析,两毒株结构多肽图谱带型相差较大.两毒株基因组经EcoR Ⅰ,BamH Ⅰ,Hind Ⅲ和Xba Ⅰ消化后,得到的内切酶图谱表现为两毒株间有差别.这些差异的发现将有助于从分子水平揭示多粒包埋病毒和单粒包埋病毒形成原因.     

棉铃虫颗粒体病毒增效蛋白基因5'端截短片段的表达及增效活性测定

将带有棉铃虫颗粒体病毒增效蛋白(HaGV enhancin)基因的重组表达载体pET-30a-En分别用Bal Ⅰ和Dra Ⅰ酶切后连接,构建重组表达载体pET-30a-Ben和pET-30a-Den,其外源基因的开放阅读框分别为HaGV增效蛋白基因5'端的1.7kb和2.2kb.IPTG诱导表达产生66.7kD和85.1kD的多肽并命名为Ben和Den.初步纯化的Ben和Den显示了对棉铃虫核多角体病毒(HaNPV)及Bt的增效活性.Ben可对棉铃虫核多角体病毒增效10.5%～26.5%,LT50缩短0.9d,Den增效10.2%～33.0%,LT50缩短1.2d～1.9d.重组增效蛋白可对Bt(12500稀释)增效20.7%～35.4%,Den增效16.7%～31.5%,Ben增效¨.7%～27.4%.这为进一步研制抗虫工程菌打下了良好的基础.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.