三唑酮对黄瓜子叶抗氧化酶活力的影响

黄瓜子叶衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸－过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ）活性降低,而过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性升高。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮右明显提高ＳＯＤ,ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性,抑制ＰＯＤ活性升高。膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮减轻脂氧化程度,延缓了叶片的衰老。     

三唑酮对绿豆幼苗叶片衰老的延缓作用

三唑酮处理可提高离体绿豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｒａｄｉａｔｕｓＬ．）幼苗叶片叶绿素和蛋白质含量。叶片衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡｓＡＰＯＤ）活性及抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量降低。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮可提高ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量,对ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性无影响。丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,并与ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量呈显著负相关,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮有提高植物对膜脂过氧化作用的保护能力,延缓叶片的衰老作用。     

保鲜剂对玫瑰切花几个衰老指标的影响

膜脂过氧化导致膜透性和ＭＤＡ含量增加是玫瑰切花衰老的原因之一。我们筛选的不含Ａｇ＾＋的保鲜剂可以延缓其衰老过程而起到保鲜作用。     

保鲜剂对夏季香石竹切花衰老的延缓作用

香石竹切花瓶插期间花瓣中ＳＯＤ和蛋白质在前期上升,然后比处理组提前３天呈下降趋势。采后花瓣中ＣＡＴ、可溶性总糖和蔗糖均为下降。经由蔗糖、８－羟基喹啉和植物生长调节剂或钴镍盐组成的保鲜剂能延缓切花花瓣中ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性的下降,阻碍蛋白质、可溶性总糖和蔗糖的降解速度,同时使切花的瓶插寿命延长、含水量增加。     

采后钙处理对中华猕猴桃果实过氧化物酶活性,呼吸率及乙烯生成的 …

对中华猕猴桃果实采用进行钙处理,结果表明,适当提高果实钙含量,可以抑制过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性,降低呼吸率及乙烯生成量,延缓果实衰老,本实验以２％ＣａＣｌ２处理效果最佳。     

关于血清 Cu,Zn及 CuZn-SOD 与恶性肿瘤关系的探讨

本文用原子吸收光度法,Ｏｙａｎｇｕｉ法及ＡｄａｃｈｉＹ法分别测定了正常人与五种肿瘤患者血清Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ含量,铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ）的活性以及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（ＧＳＴ）的活性。结果表明：恶性肿瘤患者血清中铜含量升高,锌含量降低,ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ活性降低,而ＧＳＴ活性在正常人与肿瘤患者间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示人血清中高铜,低锌,高铜／锌比值,以及ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ活性降低与恶性肿瘤的发生有关。     

镍对离体玉米叶片衰老的调节作用

本文研究了镍对离体玉米叶片衰老的调节作用。研究结果表明,玉米叶片在衰老过程中,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡsＳ－ＰＯＤ）活性和抗坏血酸（ＡsA)含量显著降低,超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ^-2)产生率显著增加,脂质过氧化作用加剧,丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量升高,细胞质膜透性增大。而１０^-2、１０^-3mol.L^-1Ni^2 处理能增强上述保护酶活性和抗氧化剂ＡsA的含量从而能减轻细胞膜脂过氧化使用。２０^-3、１０^-2mol.L^-1Ni^2 处理能显著延缓蛋白质和叶绿素 降解。因此镍能延缓离体玉米叶片的衰老,尤其是以１０^-2mol.L^-1Ni^2 对衰老的延缓作用更大。动态测定结果表明,１０^-2mol.L^-1Ni^2 处理能使衰老滞后２－天。     

镉对小麦幼苗脂质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响

小麦幼苗经镉胁迫后,随着镉浓度的增高,叶征和根系中的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量和过氧物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性明显升高,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性也有所提高。叶片中ＭＤＡ积累量和ＳＯＤ活性都高于根,而ＰＯＤ活性则是根高于叶片。随幼苗生长时间延长,叶片和根中的ＭＤＡ积累量增加,而ＳＯＤ活性却降低。     

高温对黄瓜幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响

经高温处理后,黄瓜幼苗ＭＤＡ含量显著增加,随着处理时间延长,ＭＤＡ含量不断增加,这说明幼苗的膜系统受到明显伤害。高温处理后,ＰＯＤ活性增强;其中对高温敏感的自交系Ｑ１０增加量较大,耐高温的自交系Ｔ９７增加较少。而高温处理有前后Ｔ９７的ＰＯＤ活性明显比Ｑ１０高。高温处理ｄ后,ＣＡＴ活性降低。同时ＳＯＤ活性逐渐降低,对高温敏感的自交系Ｑ１０降低低较严重。试验表明,保持较高膜保护酶的活性可以降低高温的危     

多胺对水稻CMS系及其保持系幼穗蛋白质、核酸和活性氧代谢的影响

用ＤＡｒｇ＋ ＭＧＢＧ 处理保持系, 降低花粉可育度, 并使其幼穗中蛋白质、ＤＮＡ 和ＲＮＡ含量以及蛋白酶、ＲＮＡ 酶和ＤＮＡ 酶活性下降,使Ｏ－·２ 生成速率和ＭＤＡ 含量上升。Ｐｕｔ＋ Ｓｐｄ ＋ Ｓｐｍ 可消除或部分消除ＤＡｒｇ ＋ＭＧＢＧ的上述效应（ 对酶活性的影响除外） 。ＤＡｒｇ ＋ ＭＧＢＧ 也使ＰＯＤ、ＳＯＤ 和ＣＡＴ活性上升, 但是,多胺只能降低抑制剂对ＰＯＤ 的刺激作用。用Ｐｕｔ＋ Ｓｐｄ ＋ Ｓｐｍ 处理不育系, 使花粉可育度轻度提高, 并使其幼穗蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ 含量略有上升,使蛋白酶、ＤＮＡ酶和ＲＮＡ 酶活性、Ｏ－·２ 生成速率、ＭＤＡ 含量、ＳＯＤ 和ＣＡＴ活性下降, 使ＰＯＤ 活性上升     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism