γ-Protein,a sulphur amino acid rich protein from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)

A globulin protein comparatively rich in sulphur amino acids has been isolated from the seeds of pigeon pea. This protein termed γ-protein has a sedimentation coefficients of 7S and a molecular weight of about 90,000. Antibodies were raised against pure γ-protein. Using rocket immunoelectrophoresis it was observed that γ-protein was synthesised in the developing seeds, 21 days after flowering     

Remobilization of nitrogen from senescing leaves of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.): genotypic differences across maturity groups?

Remobilization of life nitrogen during the seed filling stage was investigated in relation to patterns of leaf abscission with three pigeonpea genotypes (Cajanus cajan L.) of different maturity duration [extra-short (ESD), short (SD), and medium (MD)].Leaflet abscission (trifoliate leaf) started from the bottom of the plants. The life span of defined leaf layers in the canopy differed among the genotypes and tended to be longer toward the top of the plants. At harvest, the leaf layer close to the pod-bearing top of the plant had a survival rate of 75% and 31% in ESD and SD pigeonpea, respectively, indicating that a large number of leaves in ESD was not entirely exploited for nutrient redistribution to the seed.Net remobilization of nitrogen from leaves during the reproductive stage was obtained from an above-ground plant budget for N and amounted to 35%, 47%, and 37% of the pod's requirement for N in ESD, SD, and MD, respectively. The amount of nitrogen in the defined leaf layers decreased exponentially with time, and the rate of N loss was calculated from the regressions in terms of half-life. For most of the layers half-life was longest in ESD pigeonpea indicating slower abscission and remobilization compared to both other genotypes.The present study compares two pigeonpea hybrids (ESD and SD) with a conventional genotype (MD). The results imply (1) that the efficiency to remobilize leaf nitrogen for seed development is related to the pattern of leaf abscission in pigeonpea, and (2) that SD pigeonpea remobilizes leaf N more efficiently than ESD and MD.     

Pinostrobin and Cajanus lactone isolated from Cajanus cajan (L.) leaves inhibits TNF-α and IL-1β production: In vitro and in vivo experimentation

The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) inhibitory activities of Cajanus cajan (leaves) crude methanolic extract, its fractions and its phytochemical constituents were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells. Phytochemical investigation of the active ethyl acetate (CCE) and n-butanol (CCB) fractions of C. cajan L. leaves yielded 14 compounds. It was observed that both pinostrobin (9) and cajanus lactone (4) were found to be most active in inhibiting TNF-α (IC₅₀ < 22 μM) and IL-1β (IC₅₀ < 40 μM) whereas compounds 2, 3, 5–8, 10 and 14 showed moderate and mild effects (IC₅₀ = 35.50–81.22 μM for TNF-α and 38.23–89.10 μM for IL-1β) in both the cell lines. Furthermore, at dose of 20 mg/kg, both pinostrobin (9) and cajanus lactone (4) were found to reduce LPS-induced TNF-α levels by 48.6% and 55.0% respectively and IL-1β levels by 53.1% and 41.8% respectively in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. These findings suggest that C. cajan L. leaves can be developed as an effective herbal remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammation or associated ailments.     

Properties of 5′-nucleotidase from nodules of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)

5′-Nucleotidase from pigeonpea nodules has been resolved into two forms, N-I and N-II, having M,s of 52 000 and 119 000, respectively. Both forms had pH optima in the acidic range (between pH 5.2 and 5.7) with either CMP, GMP, XMP, IMP or AMP as the substrate. Up to pH 6.6, both forms showed higher activity with CMP followed by GMP, XMP, IMP and AMP, respectively. However, the activity changed with pH in the alkaline range making the enzyme relatively more active with purine nucleotides. Neither of the forms had a requirement for any of the metal ions tested. Fe³⁺ inhibited the enzyme activity; the inhibition at 5, 10 and 15 mM concentrations being 11, 43 and 47%, respectively with N-I and 14,47 and 52%, respectively with N-II. K_m values for AMP, IMP, GMP, CMP and XMP were 0.10, 0.18, 0.40, 0.40 and 0.77 mM, respectively with N-I and 0.12, 0.20, 0.40, 0.40 and 0.99 mM, respectively with N-II. The enzyme was inhibited non-competitively by adenosine and inosine; K_i values being 1.78, 0.25 and 0.30; 3.50, 2.12 and 0.75 mM, respectively with AMP, IMP and XMP as the substrate.     

红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.)化学成分研究(简报)

自七十年代发现了紫杉醇（taxol）独特的抗癌机制一促进微管蛋白聚合、抑制微管蛋白解聚后,紫杉醇及其类似物紫杉烷类二该化合物的资源调查和化学研究倍受重视。紫杉醇主要存在于红豆杉科的大多数植物中,红豆杉科（Taxaceae）红豆杉属（TaxuS）植物全球大约有11种,我国有4种和1个变种。我们从采自湖北神农架的红豆杉（Tchinens周树皮中分离得到8个结晶性物质,本文报道其中已鉴定的3个成分,即taxinineJ（l）,ldiydroxybaccatinl（2）和taxol（3）。据文献报道,已经从红豆杉分离得到二十多种紫杉烷类化合物l'l,而我们分离得到的1和2…     

Ambrosia elatior (L.) in Hungary (1989–1990)

Summary Weeds and among themAmbrosia are probably the most important vascular plants related to pollinosis in Hungary. Sampling was carried out in central (Budapest) and in southern (Paks, Szeged) Hungary. The results of two years (1989–1990) of aerobiological study onAmbrosia airborne pollen are reported. The highest percentage of airborne pollen was found in the mid-August to mid-September period, having a good correlation with clinical data on pollinosis. The implications of these results are considered in the context of forecasting and prevention of seasonal ragweed pollinosis.     

应用白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana(Bals.) Vuill.)防治大豆食心虫(Grapholitha glycinivorella Mats.)的初步研究

1.白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana(Bals.)Vuill.)是大豆食心虫幼虫的寄生性真菌。自然寄生率5—10％,有时可达30％以上,是造成大豆食心虫幼虫自然死亡的有力因素之一。 2.白僵菌的发育及孢子发芽温度是18—28℃,其中以25—28℃最为适宜。适宜的发芽湿度要在99％以上。在土壤中如果温度适宜(25—28℃)土壤含水量10％以上就可以引起幼虫显著寄生。 3.幼虫体沾着一定数量的病菌孢子可以引起大量死亡,如果幼虫体上沾着孢子数4944个以上则可致100％寄生,不足此数的,寄生率成比例地降低。菌粉在太阳光照射下6天后寄生力受到影啊,30天以后寄生作用已极小。病菌对于带菌的幼虫虽可同样寄生,但寄生能力要比直接使幼虫接触孢子要小得多。 在室温下的菌粉中,病菌的生活力(致病力)可以保持一年左右。 4.利用白僵菌防治大豆食心虫的效果是:室内不论菌粉浓度及用量多少,寄生率均达100％。小区试验可致幼虫寄生70.19—100％,田间防治可以提高幼虫寄生30.15—36.11％,降低成虫羽化49.83—69.8％。 5.作者认为:利用白僵菌防治大豆食心虫是有希望的。今后是对于大量繁殖病菌的方法,施用药剂时期及与农药混用以提高效果有进一步研究之必要。     

记洛川大角鹿(新种)Megaloceros luochuanensis(sp.nov.)

陕西洛川黑木沟有发育完好的黄土剖面。各黄土层中几乎都产有哺乳类化石,找到者以鼢鼠类为主。中更新统中(或中上)部的洛川大角鹿(Megaloceros luochuanensis)是一新种,其主要构造特征介于扁角大角鹿及河套大角鹿之间。     

Влнянне характера эаселення ноля капустноii совкоii(Barathra brassicae L.) эффективноеть трихограммы (Trichogramma evanescens Westw.) (Lepidoptera,Noctuidae; Hymenoptera,Trichogrammatidae)

TSWV belongs to the genus Tospovirus which was established in the family Bunyaviridae, a family of animal viruses. Besides TSWV, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and ground nut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) were established as different Tospovirus species. Tospoviruses have quasispherical particles of 85 nm diametre which are surrounded by a membrane and contain 3 RNA species and 4 structural proteins. In Tospovirus infected plant cells virions were detected in cavaties of the endoplasmatic reticulum and additionally amorphous electron dense material accumulates in infected cells. Defective forms of TSWV lack the ability to form complete virus particles. TSWV is the only plant pathogenic virus that is transmitted by thrips which transmit the virus with different efficiency. The virus has an extensive plant host range of more than 360 different species. The developing symptoms depend on the Tospovirus species, the virulence of the virus strains and the environmental conditions.

Based on the reaction of TSWV isolates with N‐specific polyclonal antisera, 3 serogroups were established. The most frequently used technique for serologically based diagnosis of Tospoviruses is DAS ELISA with N‐specific or preadsorbed antisera against complete virus. For TSWV epidemiology distinct weeds and cultural host plants play an important role for the survival of virus and vector. Breeding for resistance is the most important preventive measure of control.     

Bellevalia ciliata (Cyr.) Nees (Hyacinthaceae) neu für Bulgarien

(Bellevalia ciliata was recorded in north-east Bulgaria south of the Dobrudsha, within field and steppe vegetation. Vegetation records and a distribution map are presented. Based on taxonomic studies it is proposed to combineB. ciliata, B. sarmatica (Pall.) Wor. andB. speciosa Wor. under the oldest nameB. ciliata (Cyr.) Nees.     

红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.)中的非紫杉烷类化合物

从红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ．）树皮中分离到三个非萜类化合物,波同它们提吴茱次碱（ｒｕｔａｅｃａｒｐｉｎｅ）（１）。山奈黄＝－４＇－甲醚（ｋａｅｍｐｆｅｒｏｌ－４＇－ｍｅｔｈｙｌ ｅｔｈｅｒ）（２）和谷甾醇（β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（ｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｒｙＩ－３－Ｏ－βｇｌｕｃｏｓｉｄｅ）（３）。吴茱次碱是首次在红豆杉属植物中发现。     

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)种质资源改良研究进展

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)是主产于中国的世界著名的暖季型草坪草.全面系统地研究假俭草在遗传多样性和抗性生理等各方面的变异变化规律对于开发利用假俭草种质资源具有十分重要的意义.在综述假俭草种质资源的收集、整理和初步评价的基础上,重点介绍了近年来国内外在其遗传多样性(包括形态水平、细胞水平和分子水平)、抗性生理、育种进程和栽培管理措施等方面的研究进展.     

云南栘(木衣)(Docynia delavayi(Franch.)Schneid.)黄酮成分研究

本文首次对采自云南西双版纳的栘(木衣)树皮的主要成分进行了研究,从其乙醚提取物中分离出四种黄酮类化合物,通过NMR、MS和IR等波谱手段,鉴定出它们分别为:白杨素(Chrysin,Ⅰ),柚皮素(Naringenin,Ⅱ),槲皮素(Quercetin,Ⅲ)和广寄生甙(Avicularin,Ⅳ)     

ПРИСПОСОБЛЕНИЯ К ПЛАНИРОВАНИЮ ПЕРЕДНИХ КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ У ЛЕТЯГИ(Pteromys volans L.)

MoP中。几or“qeeK“e np“enoc叱几eH“,IK几月aREPosaH“幻y3旧epe众双a日Ho一zP”朋eKa刀““nPo只。卫狱a助T nPHa月eKaTb K ee6e BH“MaH“e aHaToM阳·代PH溯oros,Ho,Ke咪a几eHH幻,八0代x flop OH“ocTaIOTc只Bce水cHe双OCTaToqHo”3y叨HH日MH· KaK H3留eTHo,HeRoTop目e eoe江eH。,0 Mop中朗orM“6e几RH”MeloTe只B Tpy仄axC·K .Hoffmann“H.weyoberzh(2572),:M:彻or”,月e丁,r”。neps目e6日几0 onoeaoaF .G,Parsons,(189斗).Qe仄yeTo及HaKoo丁Me丁。T、,qTo onoeaH“e Parson,毗八oe,aTo·qHo…     

苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella(L.)

<正>苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella(L.)是世界重要的苹果害虫,原产于欧洲中南部,现在已经入侵世界5大洲71个国家。该入侵昆虫1953年首次报道在中国新疆发现,目前已入侵新疆、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、黑龙     

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.)Hack.)种质资源改良研究进展

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.)Hack.)是主产于中国的世界著名的暖季型草坪草。全面系统地研究假俭草在遗传多样性和抗性生理等各方面的变异变化规律对于开发利用假俭草种质资源具有十分重要的意义。在综述假俭草种质资源的收集、整理和初步评价的基础上,重点介绍了近年来国内外在其遗传多样性(包括形态水平、细胞水平和分子水平)、抗性生理、育种进程和栽培管理措施等方面的研究进展。     

金针菇(Flammulina Velutipes(Curt.ex Fr.)Sing.)子实体多糖PA_(5)DE的提取及性质研究

 从金针菇Flammulina velutipes(Curt.ex Fr.)Sing.子实体中提取水溶性多糖,经乙醇分级,DEAE-Sephadex A-25纯化,得PA_5DE。以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和凝胶柱Sepharose 4B层析证明是化学均一性多糖,分子量是47.1万。用GLC、I.R、~13C-N.M.R.分析表明含有D-葡萄糖、D-甘露糖、D-岩藻糖。PA_5DE分子可能具有分支结构,含β-型糖苷键,存在β(1→3)和β(1→6)型糖苷键连接,并有抑制肿瘤S-180的活性。     

苎麻(Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaud)下胚轴组织培养的器官形成

苎麻是我国重要经济作物,自古以来的繁殖方法主要是用分蔸等繁殖法,其繁殖系数低、速度慢,不能满足生产上的需要。近年来国内开始了苎麻组织培养的试验,从苎麻茎,叶切段诱导出愈伤组织,但未能分化出再生植株。我们以苎麻子叶及下胚轴为材料,诱导出愈伤组织并分化出芽获得再生植株,发现苎麻下胚轴有较强的再分化能力,是研究器官形成较好的材料。本工作进行了不同培养基配方、不同激素及不同浓度、不同激素组合以及一些天然复合物对苎麻下胚轴组织培养中器官形成的影响的初步结果。