The Mycobacterium tuberculosis very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase: structural basis for housing lipid substrates longer than the enzyme

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Highlights? M. tuberculosis FadD13 is a peripheral membrane protein ? Mutagenesis reveals an arginine-rich patch as the site for membrane interaction ? A hydrophobic tunnel extends from the active site to the positively charged patch ? The architecture lets substrates reside partly in the membrane during catalysis     

Mechanism for KRIT1 Release of ICAP1-Mediated Suppression of Integrin Activation

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Highlights? Cocrystal structure of KRIT1 with ICAP1 shows a bidentate interaction interface ? Cocrystal structure of ICAP1 with integrin β1 shows a PTB-peptide interaction ? KRIT1 antagonizes ICAP1-modulated integrin activation by the bidentate interaction ? KRIT1 contains a previously undescribed N-terminal Nudix domain     

Targeting the Cell Wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Structure and Mechanism of L,D-Transpeptidase 2

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Highlights? The structure of Mtb Ldt_Mt2 shows the binding of a peptidoglycan fragment ? The structure of the complex maps the interaction between acyl donor and enzyme ? Ldts show a conserved C-terminal ykuD domain with a divergent N-terminal domain ? Based on the structure of this complex, a reaction mechanism is proposed     

Variable lymphocyte receptor recognition of the immunodominant glycoprotein of Bacillus anthracis spores

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Highlights? VLRBs use their C-terminal LRRs and the LRRCT-loop to interact with antigen ? Sequence-related VLRBs exhibit differential recognition of their BclA epitopes ? VLR4 binds a conserved protein epitope, yet is specific for B. anthracis spores     

Screening and in situ synthesis using crystals of a NAD kinase lead to a potent antistaphylococcal compound

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Highlights? Precise interaction mapping using substrate analogs and X-ray crystallography ? Amidation of 5′-amino-5′-deoxy-adenosine is promoted by crystallized LmNADK1 ? Structures guide fragment bridging to design a new antistaphylococcal compound     

Structure of the Essential Diversity-Generating Retroelement Protein bAvd and Its Functionally Important Interaction with Reverse Transcriptase

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Highlights? bAvd forms a highly positively charged pentameric barrel ? bAvd binds both DNA and RNA, but without sequence preference ? The coding sequence for bAvd serves dual purposes ? The interaction of bAvd with bRT is likely to be important for retrohoming     

Structure of a bacteriophytochrome and light-stimulated protomer swapping with a gene repressor

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Highlights? Bacteriophytochrome structure containing photosensory and output transducing domain ? RpBphP1 binds to the cognate repressor RpPpsR2 on illumination with far-red light ? HOS domain is distantly related to Dhp and is essential for binding to the repressor ? Light-induced protomer swapping mechanism between dimers     

Interplay between the Dividing Cell and Its Neighbors Regulates Adherens Junction Formation during Cytokinesis in Epithelial Tissue

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Highlights? During cytokinesis, neighboring cells accumulate MyoII at the edges of the furrow ? MyoII nonautonomously sets the initial geometry of the daughter cell interface ? Neighboring membranes impede adherens junction (AJ) formation until a midbody forms ? Arp2/3-dependent actin accumulation in the dividing cell maintains AJ geometry     

Klf15 orchestrates circadian nitrogen homeostasis

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Highlights? Nitrogen homeostasis exhibits circadian rhythmicity in mammals ? Klf 15 regulates rhythmic amino acid utilization and ammonia detoxification ? Krüppel-like factor 15 is regulated by the circadian clock ? Feeding is a major external cue regulating Klf15 rhythmicity and nitrogen homeostasis     

Snx3 Regulates Recycling of the Transferrin Receptor and Iron Assimilation

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Highlights? Snx3 is highly expressed in vertebrate hematopoietic tissues ? Silencing of Snx3 results in anemia and hemoglobin defects in vertebrates ? Snx3 and Vps35 physically interact with Tfrc ? Snx3 is required for endosomal recycling of Tf-Tfrc complex     

The Molecular Basis for Substrate Specificity of the Nuclear NIPP1:PP1 Holoenzyme

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Highlights? The first structure of a nuclear PP1 holoenzyme, NIPP1:PP1 ? The NIPP1 helix defines a unique interaction site on PP1 ? Identification of a common PP1-binding pocket, the ΦΦ motif-binding pocket ? Explains the mechanism of nuclear substrate selection by PP1     

Structure and Dynamics of the Second CARD of Human RIG-I Provide Mechanistic Insights into Regulation of RIG-I Activation

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Highlights? The structure of a CARD of human RIG-I ? The mechanism and structural role of phosphorylation are revealed ? In trans interaction with the Helicase and regulatory domains is shown ? Lys172 lies in proximity to the CARD2:helicase-CTD interface     

HSF-1 regulators DDL-1/2 link insulin-like signaling to heat-shock responses and modulation of longevity

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Highlights? C. elegans DAF-2 insulin-like signaling negatively regulates HSF-1 activity ? DDL-1 and DDL-2 are negative regulators of HSF-1 ? Formation of a complex containing DDL-1/2 and HSF-1 inhibits HSF-1 activity ? DAF-2 signaling promotes DHIC formation by inhibiting DDL-1 phosphorylation     

A novel aux/IAA28 signaling cascade activates GATA23-dependent specification of lateral root founder cell identity

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Highlights? GATA23 is involved in lateral root founder cell specification ? A coordinated migration of pericycle nuclei precedes the first asymmetric division ? An Aux/IAA28-dependent auxin signaling cascade controls GATA23 expression     

Architecture of a dodecameric bacterial replicative helicase

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Highlights? Crystal structure of the ATPase domain of DnaB from Helicobacter pylori ? MALLS analysis shows that HpDnaB forms dodecamers ? EM reconstruction shows that HpDnaB forms head-to-head double hexamers     

Kinetic Competition between RNA Polymerase II and Sen1-Dependent Transcription Termination

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Highlights? Fast Pol II elongation rate leads to Sen1-dependent termination defects ? Deletion of Rrp6 reveals a noncoding RNA termination window sensitive to Pol II rate ? Slow Pol II rate promotes earlier Sen1 termination events, rescues sen1 defects ? Fast Pol II rate promotes later Sen1 termination events, worsens sen1 defects     

Molecular and structural basis of ESCRT-III recruitment to membranes during archaeal cell division

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Highlights? A conserved protein, CdvA, recruits ESCRT-III to membranes during cell division ? Recruitment is mediated by a peptide-winged helix domain interaction ? We have determined the structure of this complex ? CdvA and a single ESCRT-III protein can drive membrane deformation in vitro     

The metabolic profile of tumors depends on both the responsible genetic lesion and tissue type

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Highlights? MYC and MET affect glucose and glutamine metabolism differently in the liver ? Tissue context affects the outcome of metabolic reprogramming by MYC ? MYC overexpression sensitizes cells to inhibition of Gls1 glutaminase     

Deletion of Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Causes Polycythemia and Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice through Translational Derepression of HIF2α

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Highlights? Irp1 deficiency causes polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension ? Irp1 regulates HIF2α translation and expression of EPO and endothelin 1 ? Irp1 represses erythropoiesis to protect tissue iron levels during iron deficiency ? A low-iron diet worsens polycythemia and causes sudden death in Irp1?/? animals     

Adaptation of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Catalytic Core to Carrier Protein Aminoacylation

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Highlights? The crystal structure of the aa:CP ligase in complex with carrier protein was solved ? The interaction relies on the idiosyncratic α-helix of the aa:CP ligase ? The complex represents a unique mode of carrier protein recognition and binding ? The mechanism of amino acid attachment to carrier protein is discussed