Cell-free Expressed Bacteriorhodopsin in Different Soluble Membrane Mimetics: Biophysical Properties and NMR Accessibility

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Highlights? Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is NMR accessible in nanodiscs and amphipols ? Nonconventional surfactants offer increased stability for cell-free expressed bR ? The bR-membrane interface is highly adaptable in the selected membrane mimetics ? Applications and limitations of the environments for NMR studies are discussed     

CED-1, CED-7, and TTR-52 regulate surface phosphatidylserine expression on apoptotic and phagocytic cells

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Highlights? PS is expressed on the surface of apoptotic and phagocytic cells during apoptosis ? CED-7 and TTR-52 mediate time-dependent loss of PS from surface of apoptotic cells ? CED-7 and TTR-52 promote generation of extracellular PS vesicles ? CED-7/TTR-52/CED-1 promote phagocyte PS expression, important for corpse engulfment     

Neuronal Circuits Underlying Persistent Representations Despite Time Varying Activity

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Highlights? Time-varying neural activity can support stable stimulus representation ? A network architecture, named FEVER, guarantees stability of representation ? Structural features of sparse FEVER networks agree with existing measurements     

Insights into FlaI Functions in Archaeal Motor Assembly and Motility from Structures,Conformations, and Genetics

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Highlights? Cross-subunit interface forms building block for transmission of ATPase force ? Structures and mutants reveal functional components for assembly and motility ? The directionality of movement explains FlaI activities and GspE differences ? The phosphate released by ATP hydrolysis triggers subunit rearrangements     

Pou5f1-Dependent EGF Expression Controls E-Cadherin Endocytosis,Cell Adhesion,and Zebrafish Epiboly Movements

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Highlights? Pou5f1 regulates EGF expression during oogenesis ? EGFR signaling controls E-cadherin trafficking at blastula and gastrula stages ? E-cadherin subcellular trafficking controls adhesion and cell migration ? Dynamics of E-cadherin adhesion is essential for effective cell migration     

Structural Basis for dsRNA Recognition,Filament Formation,and Antiviral Signal Activation by MDA5

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Highlights? MDA5 forms an open, C-shaped ring around the viral dsRNA stem ? The CTD of MDA5 has a different orientation and flexibility compared to RIG-I ? MDA5 forms filaments by stacking monomers head-to-tail with a 70° turn per monomer ? The 2CARD domain assembles into oligomers that activate interferon signaling via MAVS     

HIV Nef,Paxillin, and Pak1/2 Regulate Activation and Secretion of TACE/ADAM10 Proteases

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Highlights? HIV-Nef translocates activated TACE/ADAM17 into extracellular vesicles (EVs) ? The mechanism is initiated by interaction of Eed and paxillin with TACE ? Translocation of TACE into EVs is regulated by Pak2 ? Melanoma cells activate the same mechanism to upload activated ADAM10 into EVs     

SOD1 Integrates Signals from Oxygen and Glucose to Repress Respiration

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Highlights? Glucose and O₂ signal through Cu/Zn SOD1 to repress respiration ? SOD1 binds to and prevents turnover of a casein kinase CK1γ for respiration control ? Superoxide from aerobic glucose metabolism feeds the SOD1 reaction to stabilize CK1γ ? Both human and yeast CK1γ stability are regulated by SOD1     

Dissection of DNA Damage Responses Using Multiconditional Genetic Interaction Maps

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Highlights? A resource of genetic modules and networks induced by distinct types of DNA damage ? Networks distinguish DNA damage response pathways with high statistical power ? Rtt109, a histone acetyltransferase, affects the mutagenic bypass of DNA lesions ? The neddylation machinery and Irc21 affect cell-cycle control and genome stability     

PPARγ agonists induce a white-to-brown fat conversion through stabilization of PRDM16 protein

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Highlights? PPARγ full agonists induce a brown fat phenotype in subcutaneous WAT ? PRDM16 is required for the development of PPARγ agonist-inducible brow adipocytes ? PRDM16 and PPARγ agonists synergistically activate the brown fat gene program ? Browning effect is mediated through the enhanced stability of the PRDM16 protein     

A DNA-Damage Selective Role for BRCA1 E3 Ligase in Claspin Ubiquitylation,CHK1 Activation,and DNA Repair

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Highlights? BRCA1 E3 ligase activity is essential for a subset of DNA damage responses ? BRCA1 V26A mutant cells are sensitive to topoisomerase inhibitors but not mitomycin C ? BRCA1 selectively ubiquitylates claspin after topoisomerase inhibition ? BRCA1 E3 ligase inactivation selectively impairs CHK1 activation     

Role of the Mad2 Dimerization Interface in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Independent of Kinetochores

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Highlights? Mad2 overexpression activates the SAC independently from Mad1 in budding yeast ? Mad2 dimerization surface is required for the SAC independently from Mad1 ? Mad2 dimerization downstream of kinetochores is negligible for the SAC ? Mad2 dimerization surface interacts with Mad3 and is required for MCC stability     

The Retroviral Restriction Ability of SAMHD1, but Not Its Deoxynucleotide Triphosphohydrolase Activity,Is Regulated by Phosphorylation

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Highlights? SAMHD1 only exhibits antiviral activity when expressed in noncycling cells ? SAMHD1 is unphosphorylated in noncycling cells ? Reverse genetics revealed that phosphorylated SAMHD1 is repressive for restriction ? SAMHD1 phosphorylation regulates restriction, but not the cellular levels of dNTPs     

Dendritic Filopodia,Ripped Pocket,NOMPC, and NMDARs Contribute to the Sense of Touch in Drosophila Larvae

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Highlights? Larval multidendritic neurons are required for sensing gentle touch in Drosophila ? Optogenetic activation of defined multidendritic neurons triggers touch behaviors ? Sensory filopodia are dynamic, F-actin-rich organelles necessary for mechanosensing ? A high-throughput touch screen identifies NMDARs, NOMPC, and Ripped Pocket     

Direct Conversion of Fibroblasts to Neurons by Reprogramming PTB-Regulated MicroRNA Circuits

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Highlights? Diminished PTB expression is sufficient to trans-differentiate fibroblasts to neurons ? PTB plays a key role in a regulatory loop to suppress neuronal-specific genes ? PTB regulates gene expression at both the splicing and RNA stability levels ? PTB modulates microRNA targeting by competition or switching RNA structure     

Directed microtubule growth, +TIPs, and kinesin-2 are required for uniform microtubule polarity in dendrites

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Highlights? Uniform microtubule polarity in dendrites requires directed microtubule growth ? Growing microtubule plus ends use stable microtubules as directional tracks ? Dendrite microtubule polarity is disrupted when kinesin-2 and +TIP levels are reduced ? Kinesin-2 attachment to microtubule plus ends might allow directed microtubule growth     

Sustained Activation of mTORC1 in Skeletal Muscle Inhibits Constitutive and Starvation-Induced Autophagy and Causes a Severe,Late-Onset Myopathy

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Highlights? mTORC1 inhibition is required for constitutive and starvation-induced autophagy ? Sustained activation of mTORC1 causes a severe myopathy due to autophagy impairment ? TSC1 depletion is sufficient to activate mTORC1 irrespective of other stimuli ? mTORC1 inactivation is sufficient to trigger LC3 lipidation     

Repeated,Long-Term Cycling of Putative Stem Cells between Niches in a Basal Chordate

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Highlights? Identification of a niche for germline and somatic stem cells in a basal chordate ? Stem cells repeatedly migrate between aged or damaged niches into developing niches     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression