石耳科(子囊菌门)的新种和新分布

本文报导了石耳科的八个种,其中新种四个,即阿尔泰石耳,鳞芽石耳、亚石耳及太白石耳;三个种是中国的新分布,即皱石耳、亚光石耳及淡腹疤脐衣;一个种即白根石耳为中国及蒙古的新分布。     

Five new species of the Boletaceae from Japan

Five new species of the Boletaceae (Agaricales) from Japan are described and illustrated: (1) Boletus bannaensis sp. nov. (section Luridi), forming a grayish-brown pileus and rufescent flesh, found in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests; (2) Leccinum rhodoporosum sp. nov., forming discolorous red pores, a whitish stipe covered overall with violet-brown to blackish-brown furfuraceous scales and fusoid-cylindrical brown basidiospores, found in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests or warm-temperate Quercus-Pinus forests; (3) Pulveroboletus brunneoscabrosus sp. nov., forming a lemon-yellow pulverulent basidiomata covered overall with orange to brownish-orange appressed scales, found in subtropical to warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests; (4) Rubinoboletus monstrosus sp. nov., forming a brownish-orange to yellowish-brown pileus and a very short, nonreticulate, hollow stipe, found in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests; and (5) Tylopilus fuligineoviolaceus sp. nov., having a deep violet to blackish-brown pileus and brunnescent hymenophore, found in warm temperate Quercus-Castanopsis forests.     

中国陕西侧跗叶蜂属七新种及分种检索表（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

简要记述了中国陕西省侧跗叶蜂属研究状况。描述了侧跗叶蜂属7新种:中原侧跗叶蜂 Siobla centralia Niu & Wei sp. nov.,弯毛侧跗叶蜂S.curvata Niu & Wei sp.nov.,S. listoni Niu & Wei sp. nov.,柔刃侧跗叶蜂S. pseudoplesia Niu & Wei sp. nov.,秦巴侧跗叶蜂S. qinba Niu & Wei sp. nov.,陕西侧跗叶蜂S.shaanxi Niu & Wei sp. nov.,狭颊侧跗叶蜂S. vulgaria Niu & Wei sp. nov.编制了陕西省26种侧跗叶蜂的分种检索表。     

Three new species ofMarasmius sectionSicci from eastern Honshu, Japan

Three new species belonging toMarasmius sectionSicci (Agaricales) are described and illustrated from eastern Honshu, Japan:Marasmius nocturnus sp. nov., forming a dark brown pileus and marginate lamellae, was found on leaf litter inPasania—Quercus forests;Marasmius occultatus sp. nov., producing brownish orange or light brown basidiomata and long, cylindrical-fusoid basidiospores, was found on dead fallen twigs ofAphananthe aspera andQuercus myrsinaefolia;Marasmius opulentus sp. nov., having a reddish orange pileus and a pubescent stipe, was found on leaf litter in laurel-leaved forest.     

Description of four novel species of Xenorhabdus, family Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus budapestensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus ehlersii sp. nov., Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov

The taxonomic affiliation was determined for four Xenorhabdus strains isolated from four Steinernema hosts from different countries. As compared to the five validly described Xenorhabdus species, i.e., X. nematophila, X. japonica, X. beddingii, X. bovienii and X. poinarii, these isolates represented novel species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and riboprint patterns, as well as by physiological and metabolic properties. They were named Xenorhabdus budapestensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 16342^T, isolated from Steinernema bicornutum; Xenorhabdus ehlersii sp. nov., type strain DSM 16337^T, isolated from Steinernema serratum; Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., type strain DSM 16336^T isolated from Steinernema scapterisci; and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov., type strain DSM 16338^T, isolated from Steinernema rarum.     

Four new species of the genusSporobolomyces isolated from leaves in Thailand

Thirteen undescribed strains of ballistoconidium-forming yeasts, isolated from leaves collected in the suburbs and along the southeast seacoast of Bangkok, Thailand, were divided into four different groups in the genusSporobolomyces on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomical characteristics, and analyses of the sequences of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions. DNA-DNA reassociation experiments with related species revealed that these four groups were four new distinct species.Sporobolomyces nylandii sp. nov.,S. poonsookiae sp. nov.,S. blumeae sp. nov. andS. vermiculatus sp. nov. are proposed for these strains.     

Three new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ophiostoma</Emphasis> species isolated from Japanese red pine

Three new species of Ophiostoma found on Japanese red pine are described as Ophiostoma pusillum sp. nov., O. botuliforme sp. nov., and O. nigrogranum sp. nov. Ophiostoma pusillum is characterized by oblong ascospores and a Hyalorhinocladiella anamorph. Ophiostoma botuliforme has ostioles covered with a hyaline gelatinous cap, allantoid ascospores, and a Pesotum anamorph with hyaline to pale brown stipes. Ophiostoma nigrogranum has hyaline ostiolar hyphae with rounded tips, allantoid ascospores, and sclerotium-like structures.Contribution no. 172, Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba     

Three new species ofCrinipellis found in Iriomote Island, southwestern Japan, and central Honshu, Japan

Three new species ofCrinipellis (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes) in Japan are described and illustrated:Crinipellis canescens sp. nov., forming small, canescent basidiomata, was found on a dead fallen twig in the subtropical laurelleaved forest of Iriomote Island (southwestern Japan);Crinipellis corvina sp. nov., forming fibrillose-strigose, puriplish black hairs enveloping the whole basidioma, was found on bark ofTorreya nucifera in Mt. Takao, Tokyo;Crinipellis nigricaulis sp. nov., having a reddish brown pileus with a minute, black papilla and a blackish stipe accompanied by blackish, branched rhizomorphs, was found on leaf litter in the lowland forest of Kanagawa.     

中国滑菌蚊属四新种记述（双翅目：菌蚊科）

记述中国滑菌蚊属4新种:浅黄滑菌蚊Leia bubaline sp.nov.,密毛滑菌蚊Leia densisetosa sp.nov.,黑龙江滑菌蚊Leia heilongjiangensis sp.nov.,和粗角滑菌蚊Leia robusticornis sp.nov.。编制了该属中国种类检索表。模式标本保存于浙江农林大学昆虫标本室。     

河北小五台山叶生丝孢菌

小五台山自然保护区位于河北省西部,为河北省第一高峰。变化悬殊的地形,使其由低谷到亚高山草甸呈明显独特的垂直植被类型分布带,山势陡峻,谷路隘险,具有华北地区罕见的森林植被及丰富的植物资源。狭谷陡峰,葳蒐险奇的地形地貌,又形成了多变的气候特征,因此蕴藏着相当丰富的真菌资源。作者1990年8月在该地区考察期间,共采集涉及林木、农作物、花卉、蔬菜等植物病害标本240份。本文报道小五台山的丝孢菌(Hyphomycetes)14属40种,其中有二个新种:(木来)木菌绒孢(Mycovellosiella coni Y.L.Guo, sp. nov.),五味子色链隔孢(Phaeoramularia schisandrae Y.L. Guo, sp. nov.)和7个中国新记录种:沼泽尾孢(Cercospora paludicola Speg.),白面子菌绒孢[Mycovellosiella ariae(Fuckel) U. Braun],薯蓣菌绒孢[Mycovellosiella dioscorae(Vassiljevski) Pons & Sutton],当归柱隔孢(Ramularia angelicae v. Hohnel),白芷柱隔孢[Ramularia heraclei(Oud.)Sacc.),莴苣柱隔孢(Ramularia lactucosa Lamb. & Fautr.)和虎耳草柱隔孢(Ramularia saxifragae Syd.)。(木来)来木菌绒孢(Mycovellosiella coni Y.L. Guo, sp. nov.)生于山茱萸科(Cornaceae)华尔特氏掠子木(Cornus walteri Wanger.)叶上。子实体生于叶背面。次生菌丝体表生。无子座。分生孢子梗1-3根从气孔伸出或作为侧枝单生于表生菌丝上,近无色,分枝,曲膝状,1-2个隔膜,5.0-50.0 × 2.5-4.0 μm。分生孢子圆柱形,无色,链生并具枝链,0-4个隔膜,6.5-45.0 × 2.0-4.0 μm。在山茱萸科尚无菌绒孢属的报道,且该菌与已报道的尾孢属菌形态特征也不同,故定为新种。五味子色链隔孢(Phaeoramularia schisandrae Y.L. Guo, sp. nov.)生于五味子科(Schisandraceae)五味子[Schisandra chinensis (Tunz.) Baill.]叶上,子实体生于叶背面。菌丝体内生。具子座。分生孢子梗紧密簇生,浅青黄褐色,不分枝,曲膝状,1-5个隔膜,20.0-75.0 (-95.0) × 4.0-5.0 μm。分生孢子圆柱形,近无色,链生并具枝链,1-4个隔膜,15.0-40.0 × 3.0-4.0 μm。五味子科既无尾孢菌属也无色链隔孢属的报道。文中为新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述和图,新记录种进行了简要描述。研究的标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

Anatomy and affinities of the petrified plants from the tertiary of chile V

Four species of dicotyledonous woods including three new species,Aextoxicoxylon harambouri sp. nov.,Myrceugenellites maytenoides sp. nov.,Laurelites doroteaensis sp. nov. andLaurinoxylon uniseriatum Gothan, were described from the Tertiary of Cerro Dorotea, Ultima Esperanza and Fuego Island, Chile. It was elucidated thatNothofagoxylon boureaui Salard from Cerro Dorotea is synonymous withLaurinoxylon uniseriatum from Antarctica. Consecutive number from the previous paper (Nishida, 1984). Contributions from the Laboratory of Phylogenetic Botany, Chiba University No. 118 and contributions from Chiba University Botanical Expedition to the Andes No. 17. Supported by a Grant in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Survey from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Nos. 7405, 404114 and 62043014.     

中国粘菌Ⅶ:团毛菌科的新种和新记录种

本文报告了团毛菌科中的二个新种:Perichaena membranea sp. nov.; Perichaena poronema sp. nov及二个国内新纪录种:Trichia erecta Rex和Arcyria abietina (A.Wigand) N. E. Nannenga-Bremekamp.新种有拉T文描述及扫描电镜照片,讨论了新种与相近种的关系。模式标本收藏于HMAS北京和HJAU长春。     

西藏地区蚱总科三新种及西藏拟科蚱雄性的发现（直翅目）

记述采自西藏墨脱地区的蚱总科3新种,即弧肩波蚱Bolivaritettix arcihumerus sp.nov.,短角蚱Tetrix brevicornis sp.nov.及墨脱悠背蚱Euparatettix motuoensis sp.nov.。同时报道西藏拟科蚱Cotysoidestibetanus(Zheng)雄性新发现。     

DNA relatedness among saturn-spored yeasts assigned to the generaWilliopsis andPichia

Saturn-spored species assigned to the generaWilliopsis andPichia were compared from extent of nuclear DNA complementarity. Of thePichia spp., four were recognized as distinct taxa:P. dispora, P. saitoi, P. zaruensis andPichia sp. nov. AmongWilliopsis spp., the following were accepted:W. californica, W. mucosa comb. nov.,W. pratensis, W. saturnus var.saturnus, W. saturnus var.mrakii comb. nov.,W. saturnus var.sargentensis comb. nov.,W. saturnus var.subsufficiens comb. nov. andWilliopsis sp. nov. The newPichia andWilliopsis species are described elsewhere. Moderate (36–68%) DNA relatedness was detected between the formerPichia sargentensis and varieties ofW. saturnus again demonstrating that nitrate assimilation is not a reliable criterion for separating yeast species.     

Selective isolation and characterisation of members of the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade associated with the roots of Paraserianthes falcataria

Large numbers of putatively novel streptomycetes were isolated from environmental samples collected from in and around the root system of the tropical angiosperm, Paraserianthes falcataria. Representative isolates were assigned to 37 multi-membered and 107 single membered colour groups based on their ability to form pigments on oatmeal and peptone yeast extract iron agars. The largest taxon, colour group 3, encompassed 94 isolates which had morphological properties typical of members of the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade. Twelve representatives of this taxon chosen on the basis of Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometric data were compared with representatives of the validly described species which constitute the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade. Six out of the twelve representative strains were readily distinguished from one another and from the marker strains using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic properties. These organisms were consequently considered to merit species status as Streptomyces asiaticus sp. nov., Streptomyces cangkringensis sp. nov., Streptomyces indonesiensis sp. nov., Streptomyces javensis sp. nov., Streptomyces rhizosphaerius sp. nov. and Streptomyces yogyakartensis sp. nov.     

Notes on new Agaricales of Japan 1

Three new species of Agaricales are described and illustrated from eastern Honshu, Japan:Collybia effusa sp. nov. (sectionLevipedes), forming a distinctly sulcate-striate pileus and distant lamellae, was found on dead twigs ofCryptomeria japonica andCallicarpa japonica; Collybia macrosperma sp. nov., forming cylindrical-fusoid, relatively large-sized basidiospores and whitish basidiomata densely covered with fine, soft hairs, was found on dead fallen twigs in aCarpinus andQuercus forest:Marasmiellus, gregarius sp. nov (subsectionRamealini of sectionRameales), forming small, pale colored pilei and diverticulate cheilocystidia, was found on dead twigs ofHydrangea involucrata andTrachelospermum asiaticum.     

安徽枯牛降的丝孢菌Ⅱ.

本文报道采自安徽牯牛降的5种丝孢菌.对生于八角枫属(Alangium sp.)上的八角枫尾孢(Cercospora alangii Guo, sp. nov.)进行了描述并绘图。研究的标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。