山东沂山种子植物区系研究

沂山位于鲁中丘陵东部,有种子植物122科、463属、886种。对108科、411属、727种野生种子植物的区系研究表明:沂山种子植物区系类型多样、地理成分复杂、优势现象明显、温带特征显著、具典型的暖温带落叶阔叶林性质。与相邻种子植物区系的比较表明:沂山种子植物区系与泰山具有较高的同质性,与崂山、云台山、千山依次递减,与芦芽山和大青山则具明显差异。     

山东植物区系分区研究

根据植物区系分区的原则和方法 ,提出了山东植物区系分区的方案 ,并论述了山东各植物小区的区系特征 ,对各植物小区间的种丰富度和相似性系数、植被类型、地理成分等方面的差异作了较为详细的探讨     

山东植物区系中的特有现象

对山东植物区系中的特有现象进行了初步研究。全省共有５３个特有种,可分为４种分布式样即全省布型、鲁中南－山东半岛间断分布型、鲁中南山地分布和山东半岛分布型;提出了山东植物区的两个特有现象中心,即崂山昆嵛山中心和泰山蒙山中心,并初步探讨了其形成原因。     

山东莱州大基山自然保护区植物区系分析

山东莱州大基山自然保护区植物区系具有种类丰富、优势现象明显、特有种较多、分布类型多样、地理成分复杂、古老性和多样性的特点,属华北植物区系,具有典型温带区系特征,兼有一定的热带亲缘。     

山东崂山植物区系研究

崂山植物区系是山东半岛植物区系的典型代表之一,具有以下特征：植物种类比较丰富,共计有维管植物129科,517属,1045种;优势科现象明显;种的特有现象明显;植物区系具有古老性,单种属和寡种属数量较多;分布类型多样,地理成分复杂,温带成分优势明显,泛热带成分丰富,与热带植物区系有一定的联系。将崂山植物区系与邻近植物区系进行了属、种相似性系数和优势科的比较,表明崂山植物区与千山、小五台山植物区系的差异较大。区系资料支持将崂山与昆嵛山归属于鲁东丘陵植物小区,但也存在一定的差别。     

山东昆嵛山植物区系研究

昆嵛山植物区系是山东半岛植物区系的典型代表之一,具有以下特征：植物种类丰富,计有维管植物１１６科,４１４属、８７８种;优势现象;分布类型多亲,地理成分复杂,温带性质明显,又与热带植物区系具有一定的新缘关系,特有现象比较明显。将昆嵛山植物区系一邻近区系的地理分布类型用ＵＰＧＭＡ法进行聚类分析和属、种相似性系数比较,认为,昆嵛山植物区系与千山植物区系的差异较大,植物区系资料研究表明,将山东半岛、辽东半     

山东艾山植物区系研究

艾山植物区系是山东半岛植物区系的典型代表之一,具有以下特征：植物种类比较丰富,共计有维管植物96科,311属,488种。该植物区系优势科现象明显;植物区系具有古老性,单种属和寡种属数量较多;分布类型多样,地理成分复杂,温带成分优势明显达161个属,泛热带成分丰富有50个属,热带植物区系为21个属。将艾山植物区系与邻近植物区系的植物地理分布类型进行聚类分析和属、种相似性系数和优势科的比较,结果表明,艾山植物区系与千山植物区系的差异比较大。植物区系资料研究不支持把辽东半岛、山东半岛划为同一植物区系亚地区。     

山东昆嵛山植物区系初步研究

昆嵛山地处胶东半岛,属于暖温带气候类型;植物种类丰富,有维管植物132科,571属,1058种。地理成分复杂,区系类型多样,现有571个属可分为15个分布型及12个变型。区系组成的大科及主要科共16科,即菊科,禾本科,豆科,蔷薇科,莎草科,百合科,十字花科,蓼科等,共有植物285属,612种,占昆嵛山种子植物总属数的51.82%,总种数的59.94%,它们构成了昆嵛山植物区系的基本框架。Raunkiaer生活型组成依次为高位芽植物(34.40%)> 地面芽植物(27.13%)> 一年生植物(19.66%)> 隐芽植物(9.64%)> 地上芽植物(9.17%)。本文在主要区系地理成分分析的基础上,得出本区系植物具有以下4个特点:(1)植物种类丰富,温带成分优势明显,热带成分比例较大(2)分布类型多样,地理成分复杂,显示出多方植物交汇的特点(3)区系成分具有一定的古老性,单种属成分较多,区系的特有程度较低(4)珍稀濒危种类丰富,在科的层次上较为集中。     

山东徂徕山植物区系的研究

徂徕山植物区系是鲁中南植物区系的典型代表之一,具以下特征:植物种类丰富,共有维管植物114科,368属,640种;科、属组成的优势现象明显;区系具有一定的古老性,但特有程度低;单种属和寡种属数量较多;区系地理成分复杂,分布类型丰富多样;温带成分优势明显,热带成分丰富,说明本区系与热带植物区系有较高的亲缘关系并显示出植物交汇的特点。     

喜马拉雅东部雅鲁藏布江大峡弯河谷地区植物区系的特点及来源

喜马拉雅东部雅鲁藏布江大峡弯河谷地区植物区系多样性的组成十分丰富,共有种子植物１８０科,６４３属,１４１０种,并有明显的热带向温带过渡的特点,是热带和温带植物区系的两大区系结,它是第三纪以后才发展起来的年轻区系,归根结蒂是源出于古老的东亚植物区系和印度马来植物区系。     

中国植物区系中的特有性及其起源和分化

对中国植物区系中的239个特有属,分属67个科,进行了分析研究,列出了这些特有属在种子植物各个科的分布,现代地理分布范围。结果表明含特有属在10个以上的有5个科即Gesneriaceae,Compositae,Labiatae,Cruiciferae,Umbelliferae;其中以Gesneriaceae居榜首(27属),Compositae位居第二(20属),Labiatae有12属,居第三。含2属的科有15个,含1属的科有30个;其中Ginkgaceae,Davidiaceae,Eucommiaceae,Acanthochlamydaceae组成了中国植物区系最具古老性、特有性和代表性的4个单型科。在此基础上,从特有属在被子植物八纲系统各个纲的分布特点,以及在各个科组成和系统关系及已有地质、化石历史和系统学,形态,分子证据论述了这些特有属的起源、系统关系及在植物地理上的关系。在裸子植物中,特有属最为丰富,几乎皆是地质历史上北极-第三纪成分的残遗,起源时间较早,可追溯到白垩纪或更早。被子植物中,中国特有属存在于八纲被子植物的所有纲中,几乎在现代被子植物各个演化阶段均有古老残遗的特有类群存在,同时也不乏新特有类群尤其是在演化的高级阶段的类群。从起源上看,被子植物的古特有属主要发生于晚白垩纪和早第三纪,地质历史上大都占有广阔的分布区;新特有属多发生在新第三纪以后。其源头主要是北极第三纪、古热带第三纪(冈瓦纳第三纪)和古地中海第三纪的奇妙结合,不少类群是就地起源的;特有性是在第三纪中晚期以后北半球气候变迁,迁移途径(如北大西洋陆桥和白令陆桥)中断后形成的,这一时期是我国特有属形成发展的起始标志。     

小家鼠的遗传与进化研究进展

小家鼠作为重要的模式生物,近20年来对其遗传与进化领域的研究取得很大进展,通过现代遗传学的各种遗传标记（蛋白质电泳,mtDNA,rDNA,Y染色体等）,不仅更深入地探讨了共栖小家鼠间的遗传差异和系统关系以及与野生种的关系;进而还对小家鼠的分类系统进行了修正,提出小家鼠种组（species complex)由domesticus,musculus,castaneus 和bactrianus 4个共栖种以及spicilegus,macedonicus和spretus3个野生种组成;并且进一步阐明了小家鼠的起源和进化问题,目前主要有离心模型和顺序模型2种起源假说,然而对中国小家鼠的遗传分化,亚种分类尚缺乏系统的研究。     

浙江大山峰蕨类植物区系的研究

在野外调查和褴理资料的基础上,大山峰共有蕨类植物33科58属98种和2变种。优势科为鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科、蹄盖蕨科．优势属为鳞毛蕨属、卷柏属和复叶耳蕨属。通过对区系组成、性质和特征的分析,表明该区地理成分复杂多样,分布区类型以泛热带分布属、东亚分布种为主,表现出亚热带向暖温带过渡的特点;区系综合系数为-0．290．在相比较的8个山地区系中位居第6;在区系关系上,该区系与天日山、三清山、武夷山区系关系密切,可以归入同一自然区,而与帽儿山区系父系疏远。     

On the Forest Flora of Zhejiang Province

1. History of development of the forest flora Since the Cenozoic period, the number of forest tree species has steadily risen. In the course of time, some of the archaic types slowly diminished and perished, and new forms gradually evolved. During the palaeocene, the numher of the gymnosperms (with the exception of conifers) and ferns drastically decreased, and that of conifers, on the contrary, increased significantly, and meantime the broad-leaved tree species also appeared. During the Neocene, the angiosperms expanded rapidly and the vegetation gradually shifted towards the mixed deciduous-evergreen forest. Shortly before the Quaternary, there was a series of world-wide climatic fluctuations, as illustrated by progress and retreat of glaciers, cold-resistant and warm-loving (thermophilic) plants appeared alternately. In the post-glaciation period, the zonal distribution of forest vegetation in Zhejiang Province was essentially similar to that of the present time. Excavations from Homu-tu, Yu-Yao County, reveal a luxuriant subtropical forest which existed 7000 years ago. 2. Characteristics of the flora and vegetation (1) Of ancient origin, with rich relic elements. Archaic gymnosperms such as Ginkgo biloba, Amentotaxus argotaenia, Pseudotaxus chienii, Torreya jackii, T. grandis, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Podocarpus macrophyllus, P. neriifolia, etc, are all found in the Cretaceous deposits. The occurrence of Ginkgo can be traced hack to the Triassic. Most of the conifers, however, were found in the Jurassic, and they have remained to the present time as the main elements of the needleleaved forests. Among the primitive angiosperms, Magnoliaceae is represented by 19 species of 8 genera; Fagaceae and Lauraceae are the dominant evergreen broad-leaved tree species, the former by 6 genera and 43 species, and the latter by 10 genera and 42 species. Hamamelidaceae is represented by 10 genera and 18 species, while Ulmaceae, Tiliaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, by 21 species of 7 genera, 9 species of 2 genera and 6 species of 2 genera respectively. (2) Rich in species and consisting of diverse geographic elements, but dominated by the tropical ones. Throughout Zhejiang Province, there are over 1300 taxa of woody plants (including varieties and cultivated ones) belonging to 109 families and 423 genera. Among them, 8 families with 25 genera and about 45 species, are gymnosperms, and the rest, 101 families with 398 genera and about 1260 species and varieties, are angiosperms. The major angiospermous families include Mognoliaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae, Aquifoliaceae and Bambusoideae. Dominant families and genera are the tropical ones, and next in the order, are the East Asiatic, the E. Asia-N. American, then the temperate, the cosmopolitan, endemic and other elements. (3) Rich in endemic species, in monotypic and oligotypic genera. The endemic species include Abies beshanzuensis, Ostrya rehderiana, Carpinus putoensis, Carpinus tientaiensis, Celtis chekiangensis, Calycanthus chinensis, Machilus minutiloba, M. chekiangensis, Semiliquidambar caudata var. cuspidata, Acer aeutum, A. yangjuechi, A. Changhwaense, A. elegantulum, A. pauciflorum, Ilex qinyuanensis, Styrax zhejiangensis, Photinia zhejiangensis, Actinidia zhejiangensis, etc. The monotypic and oligotypic genera are examplified by Ginkgo, Pseudotaxus, Pseudolarix, Fokienia, Cyclocarya, Parakmeria, Pteroceltis, Sargentodoxa, Decaisnea, Aphananthe, Hemiptelea, Zelkova, Fortunearia, Semiliquidambar, Polithyrsis, Ostrya, Heptacodium, Tapiscia, Bretschneidera, Choerospondias, Kalopanax, Halesia, Hovenia, Emmenopterys, Eucommia, Pileostegia, Platycrater, Alniphyllum, etc. The majority of the species mentioned above are rare and precious ones. (4) Introduced species gaining importance Zhejiang Province is mainly situated in the mid-subtropical zone, and from Yukuan District and the Wenzhou Prefecture southwards it belongs to the evergreen broad-leaved south subtropical forest belt. A number of south subtropical species, such as Eucalyptus spp., Casuarina spp., Acacia mearnsii, have been successfully introduced into this region. The introduction of other species, such as Cinnamomum cassia, Grevillea robusta, Michelia alba, Canarium album, Litchi chinensis, Euphoria longan, Kandelia candel, are successful in certain areas. Small plantations of introduced species from S. W. China e.e. Cinnamomum glanduliferum, C. septentrionale have been established. In addition, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ulmus pumila, several exotic Pinus species, Carya illinoensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Amorpha fruficosa, etc. are widely planted throughout Zhejiang Province. In recent years, cold-temperate species such as Chamaecyparis obtusa, Thuja standishii, Thuja occidentalis, Abies firma have been introduced and planted in the mountainous areas. The forest flora of the province is thus being further enriched. 3. Geographical analysis of the forest flora (1) The south part of Zhejiang lies in the transitional belt between the East and South China Floristic Regions, its east part being on the north margin of the South China Floristic Region, and its west part on the south margin of the East China Floristic Region. (2) The north part of the province is weakly influenced by the temperate elements, but the influence may extend to the central part of this province as the elevation there is higher. (3) Diverse floristic elements such as those belonging to Japan, Taiwan (China), C. China and S. W. China regions also occur in the province, especially in its western and eastern parts.     

北极-第三纪成分在喜马拉雅-横断山的发展及演化

通过古植物学及古地史资料,论述了北极地区在第三纪早期气候变迁对喜马拉雅-横断山地区植物区系形成的影响,并通过一些喜马拉雅-横断山地区的特征类群;杜鹃属,槭树属,柳属,桦木属和桤木属以及一些草本类群虎耳草科的落新妇族,金腰属和虎耳草属,忍冬科的莛子镳属的分布式样和起源分化的分析,说明了喜马拉雅-横断山区系中有相当一部分是这些北方起源的,北极-第三纪成分迁移是现代喜马拉雅-横断山植物区系成分的一个重要来源,并且讨论了喜马拉雅-横断山植物区系同北方植物区系可能的迁移路线,指出西南-秦岭-东北通道即西南沿四川盆地经秦岭和黄河至东北和西伯利亚和“中亚高地通道”即向西经帕米尔高原同北方交流,向东经西南-秦岭-东北通道迁移交流是喜马拉雅-横断山植物区系成分同北方交流的主要路线,由于第四纪冰期间冰期反复作用,各类成分在该地区保存,汇集,分化发展,使得该喜马拉雅-横断山地区成了北极-第三纪中心消失以后,在近代形成的温带和高山植物区系新的发展和分化中心。     

陕西天华山自然保护区蕨类植物区系研究

在调查天华山自然保护区植物组成的基础上,对该区的蕨类植物区系进行了分析。天华山自然保护区共有蕨类植物24科48属111种(包括种下类群),其区系的基本特征是:①种类丰富,种系密度大;②优势科明显,大部分科内属、种贫乏;③地理成分多样,区系联系广泛;④温带性质显著,与热带蕨类植物区系有一定的亲缘关系;⑤南北过渡性明显;⑥区系具有一定古老性;⑦特有化程度高,有51个中国特有种,以西南、华中和华北成分为主,并有1个中国特有属。另外,在中国特有种中有9个陕西(秦岭)特有种。     

Evolution of geminiviruses and their satellites

Geminiviruses and their satellites have circular single stranded DNA genomes, infecting many crops and weeds across the globe. To successfully invade new hosts, break host resistance, move virus particles within and between plants, geminiviruses and their satellites have evolved a coordinated network of protein interactions, showing a possible evolutionary path. Humans have played an important role in the last century to promote the emergence of many geminivirus diseases, thereby impacting their evolution. The greatest molecular diversity of geminiviruses and their satellites resides in Southeast Asia revealing a possible center of origin. This minireview leads us to a possible general grand scheme of their evolution.     

永安竹类植物及其区系研究

经调查,永安天然分布的竹类植物有11属63种(含变种、变型),属种分别占中国总数的28.2%和11.4%,占全省的64.7%和48.8%。其中红舌唐竹、湖南箬竹、毛箨茶秆竹、黄槽毛竹等4种为福建省竹类分布新记录。经类群分析表明,永安竹类植物以单轴散生和复轴混生类型为主,具明显的由丛生竹向散生竹过渡特性,是散生竹类和混生竹类的分布中心。区系地理分析表明,永安竹类植物有5个分布区类型(含亚型),其中东亚成分占首位。