油瓜油的甘油三酯组成研究

油瓜的种仁油可供食用。应用高效液相色谱技术,从油中分离分析出12种甘油三酯,其主要甘油二醋是甘油二亚油酸—棕榈酸酯(PLL)、甘油二棕榈酸—亚油酸酯(PLP)、甘油—棕榈酸—亚油酸—油酸酯(PLO)和甘油二棕榈酸—油酸酯(POP)。     

几种乌桕桕脂甘油三酯的组成

采用胰脂酶分解的方法对几种乌桕[Sapium sebiferum(L.) Roxb.]种子桕脂甘油三酯组成进行了测定,桕脂的甘油三酯是由9－14种甘油三酯所组成,与可可脂相似之处是甘油三酯2－位上的脂肪酸,82－88％为油酸,二饱和酸甘油酯中81－88％,其中以POP为主（74－81％）;单饱和酸甘油酯占1．8－6．0％;而三饱和酸甘油酯占9．6－15．6％,主要是PPP（8．5－14．0％）。桕脂经过适当的加工处理,可以做可可脂的代用品,将湖南产的乌桕与广西栽培的4个品种（“大粒鸡爪”,“蜈蚣”,“铜锤”和“小粒鸡爪”）桕脂中的甘油三酯组成比较,以“大粒鸡爪”桕脂中二饱和酸甘油酯的比较最高（88．0％）,三饱和酸甘油酯的含量最低（9．6％）。     

乌榄油的甘油三酯组成的研究

乌榄[Caoarium pimela(Koen.)Leenh.]是橄榄科(Burseraeeae)的一种栽培的经济植物。它盛产我国广东,以果实为主要经济收益。     

几种乌桕桕脂甘油三酯的组成

采用胰脂酶分解的方法对几种乌桕[Sapium sebiferum(L.) Roxb.]种子桕脂甘油三酯组成进行了测定,桕脂的甘油三酯是由9－14种甘油三酯所组成,与可可脂相似之处是甘油三酯2－位上的脂肪酸,82－88％为油酸,二饱和酸甘油酯中81－88％,其中以POP为主（74－81％）;单饱和酸甘油酯占1．8－6．0％;而三饱和酸甘油酯占9．6－15．6％,主要是PPP（8．5－14．0％）。桕脂经过适当的加工处理,可以做可可脂的代用品,将湖南产的乌桕与广西栽培的4个品种（“大粒鸡爪”,“蜈蚣”,“铜锤”和“小粒鸡爪”）桕脂中的甘油三酯组成比较,以“大粒鸡爪”桕脂中二饱和酸甘油酯的比较最高（88．0％）,三饱和酸甘油酯的含量最低（9．6％）。     

猪油果脂的甘油三酯组成

采用胰脂酶分解甘油三酯测定结构的方法对猪油果脂的组成进行分析。分析结果,猪油果脂由13种甘油三酯组成,其中2-位上的脂肪酸为油酸的占97.98mol％,1,3-位的脂肪酸主要为硬脂酸和油酸。其中SOS占33.47mol％,OOS占43.04mol%,OOO占13.83mol％。     

大果木姜子的甘油三酯组成

采用光谱法和胰酯酶分解法对大果木姜子油酯中分得的结晶C—I组成进行了分析,结果表明C—I是由11种甘油三酯组成。其中2-位为月硅酸的甘油三酯占91.80％,1,3-位脂肪酸主要为癸酸和月桂酸,甘油三酯的组成中,CLC占62.24％,LLC占24.50％。     

桃、李、杏种仁油的甘油三酯组成研究

李(Prunus salicina L.)、桃(Amygdalus persica L.)、杏(Armeniaca vulgarisLam.)的种仁富含油脂,主要脂肪酸成分为油酸和亚油酸。近年 Geeraert 和 Sandra报道了杏仁油的甘油三酯组成的气相色谱图。桃、李仁油的甘油三酯,以及甜杏仁油与苦杏仁油的比较,均未见报道。本文报道这几种水果的种仁成分。1.试验材料和油样提取苦杏仁和甜杏仁为商品;李仁和桃仁来源于广东地区栽培品种。除甜杏仁外,其余种仁均有苦味。种仁捣碎,石油醚(30—60℃)室温浸提,减压蒸除溶剂得分析油样。除甜杏仁油外,其余均有苦杏仁甙的气味。     

牛油树种仁脂的甘油三酯组成

牛油树(Butyrospermum parikii Kotschy,山榄科)是一种木本油料植物。原产非洲,我国引入云南元江干热河谷地区栽培。 牛油树种仁脂为黄色固体脂。国外有资料报道它的脂肪酸成分和甘油三酯组成;我国引种的牛油树,报道过它的理化性质和脂肪酸成分和甘油三酯初步分析。     

Role of phytoestrogenic oils in alleviating osteoporosis associated with ovariectomy in rats

The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of soybean oil (SbO) and sesame oil (SO) supplemented diets on bone biomarkers changes in OVX (ovariectomized) rats. The current data exhibited significant decrease in BMD (bone mineral density), accompanied with marked depletion in the level of Ca, P and Mg in both serum and bone of OVX rats. Also, serum estrogen, total protein, HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), bone NO levels were decreased in OVX rats. However, a significant increase in the level of serum TL (total lipids), TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglycerides), LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), VLDL-C (very low density lipoprotein cholesterol), urine minerals (Ca, P, Mg), as well as serum, bone and urine ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and ACP (acid phosphatase) activity were recorded in OVX rats. Further changes were also detected by the increased level of urine hydroxyproline, serum parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin, as well as urea and creatinine level in both serum and urine. On the other hand, when OVX rats were fed on SbO (soy bean oil) (15 % w/w) or SO (sesame oil) (10 % w/w) supplemented diets, the data recorded a significant improvement in all the above mentioned parameters. So, it can be concluded that consumption of SbO or SO supplemented diets might be considered as a functional food for retarding risks of osteoporosis associated with estrogen deficiency in OVX states.     

Osteoprotective effect of soybean and sesame oils in ovariectomized rats via estrogen-like mechanism

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the osteoprotective effects of soybean oil (SbO) and sesame oil (SO) in ovarictomized (OVX) rats. The results indicated that the OVX rats exhibited a significant decrease in Ca and P level in both serum and bone, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT and the antioxidant biomarker GSH accompanied with a marked increase in the oxidative stress markers MDA and PC, the inflammatory indices (TNF-α, CRP levels, WBCs counts and ACP activity) in, both, bone and serum. Supplementating the diet of the OVX rats with SbO (15 % w/w) or SO (10 % w/w) for 2 months to resulted in modulation of the alterations in all tested parameters and succeeded to restore minerals, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, and WBCs counts. It could be concluded that the consumption of diets supplemented with SbO or SO might be useful for preventing bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomy status.     

芝麻病毒病害研究：Ⅱ.芝麻黄花叶病病原鉴定

继对芝麻矮化坏死病源研究之后,又对普遍发生的芝麻黄花叶病害分离物(YMo—I)进行了系统鉴定。该分离物普遍存在于各芝麻主产区,普通年份发病率为1～5％。YMo—I侵染芝麻引起叶片褪绿及黄绿相间花叶。摩擦接种能够侵染4科12种(品种)植物。局部侵染苋色藜、昆诺藜;系统侵染大豆、花生、望江南、克氏烟等。该病毒能够由桃蚜、花生蚜、大豆蚜以非持久性方式进行传播。ELISA检测其病株种子带毒率为0.5％,但尚未发现种生病苗。病毒在组织汁液中存活期3天;钝化温度55～60℃,稀释限点4×10~(-3)。提纯病毒为弯曲线状粒体,大小约为13×730nm。并有极易凝聚的趋势。病组织中诱导大量典型PVY第一亚组的风轮形和卷筒状细胞质内含体和少数多边形结晶核内含体。血清学上该病毒与花生条纹病毒(PStV)、西瓜花叶病毒—2(MMV—2)密切相关,与花生斑驳病毒、大豆花叶病毒弱相关;与芜菁花叶病毒不相关。但它不侵染WMV—2的寄主—黄瓜,并且该病害田间的发生流行与芝麻、花生的间作方式以及PStV在花生田间的流行密切相关。根据上述结果,YMo—I分离株被鉴定为花生条纹病毒的一芝麻分离株。     

Physiological study on the influence of some plant oils in rats exposed to a sublethal concentration of diazinon

The present study was aimed to evaluate the influence of olive, sesame and black seed oils on levels of some physiological parameters in male rats exposed to diazinon (DZN). Body weight changes, and levels of serum total protein, albumin, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), atherogenic index (AI), atherogenic coefficient (AC), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MAD) were selected as physiological parameters. The experimental animals were distributed into nine groups. Rats group exposed to DZN and fed with normal diet resulted in pronounced severe changes including reduced body weight gain rate, significantly increase in levels of serum albumin, glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, AI, AC, CRR and MDA while levels of HDL-C, GSH and SOD were decreased. In rats treated with DZN, the supplementation of the olive, sesame and black seed oils showed remarkable lowering influences of physiological alterations. Moreover, the present results confirmed that these oils possess antioxidative effects against DZN toxicity. Finally, the present findings suggest that these oils are safe and promising agents for the treatment of physiological disturbances induced by DZN and may be also by other pollutants, and toxic and pathogenic factors.     

Determination of the IgE-binding activity of soy lecithin and refined and non-refined soybean oils

In the present study refined and non-refined soybean oils as well as soy lecithins were investigated for residual allergenicity and compared with extracts from native soybeans. By means of immunoblotting and EAST inhibition experiments no IgE-binding activity was detectable in refined soybean oils, which is probably due to thermal treatment during the refining. The investigated non-refined oils and soy lecithins showed a residual IgE-binding activity. In addition in the lecithin extracts a new IgE-binding structure with a molecular mass of approximately 16 kDa was detectable.     

花生种子贮藏蛋白的氨基酸组成分析及发育过程中17.5 kDa多肽的合成规律

分析了两种不同蛋白质组成类型花生的子叶总蛋白３个主要组分及高甲硫氨酸类型花生的６０．５、４１、３８．５、１８和１７．５ｋＤａ多肽的氨基酸组成,结果表明它们均含有１７种氨基酸,其中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量最高,而甲硫氨酸含量和半胱氨酸水平都极低。高甲硫氨酸类型品种的各组分的甲硫氨酸含量均显著高于低甲硫氨酸类型品种的对应组分的甲硫氨酸含量,在这两种类型花生中伴花生球蛋白Ⅱ都是甲硫氨酸含量最高的组分     

Production and characterization of a glycolipid biosurfactant from Bacillus megaterium using economically cheaper sources

Criteria selected for screening of biosurfactant production by Bacillus megaterium were hemolytic assay, bacterial cell hydrophobicity and the drop-collapse test. The data on hemolytic activity, bacterial cell adherence with crude oil and the drop-collapse test confirmed the biosurfactant-producing ability of the strain. Accordingly, the strain was cultured at different temperatures, pH values, salinity and substrate (crude oil) concentration in mineral salt medium to establish the optimum culture conditions, and it was shown that 38°C, 2.0% of substrate concentration, pH 8.0 and 30‰ of salt concentration were optimal for maximum growth and biosurfactant production. Laboratory scale biosurfactant production in a fermentor was done with crude oil and cheaper carbon sources like waste motor lubricant oil and peanut oil cake, and the highest biosurfactant production was found with peanut oil cake. Characterization of partially purified biosurfactant inferred that it was a glycolipid with emulsification potential of waste motor lubricant oil, crude oil, peanut oil, diesel, kerosene, naphthalene, anthracene and xylene.