多细胞趋磁原核生物研究进展

多细胞趋磁原核生物指一类由含有磁小体的革兰氏阴性原核细胞聚集而成的球形或者卵球形细胞聚集体,一般由745个细胞组成,直径在223μm之间,它们可在地磁场或外加磁场中沿磁力线定位并做定向运动。通过对巴西潟湖、美国盐湖、德国和法国海岸带花瓣型MMPs以及最近对中国青岛海域潮间带菠萝型MMPs研究结果的总结,分别从MMPs的生物学特征、细胞内容物以及生态学分布及分类地位等方面的研究进行综述,并对未来研究方向进行一定的展望。     

植物生氰糖苷研究进展

生氰糖苷在植物中具有化学防御功能,在抗病虫害方面有重要作用.同时由于在木薯、杏仁和亚麻籽等食用植物中广泛存在,长期食用会危害人体健康.因此,对植物生氰糖苷的研究有重要意义.对植物生氰糖苷的结构、生物合成、毒性机理及在抗病虫害方面的应用、转基因研究等进行了综述,并且对其在竹亚科植物中的应用做了展望.     

基质金属蛋白酶家族介绍(英文)

 当细胞外基质 (ECM)组分被破坏时 ,基质金属蛋白酶 (MMPs)影响发育过程并和许多疾病如关节炎及肿瘤相关联 . ECM的正常转换是发育所需要的 . ECM的调节异常却能引起过多的损伤 ,并导致疾病如关节炎 .因此 ,更好地了解 MMP介导的 ECM的水解作用 ,有可能从机理方面为疾病诊断学与治疗学的介入提供依据 .本文介绍了 MMP生物学以及它的 ECM的相关的转换方面的最新进展 .随着新的 MMPs的发现 ,MMP家族正在迅速地扩大 .并且开始向已经确立的基因结构、潜伏期、底物专一性和功能调节方面的范例提出挑战 .即将完成的基因组测序将无容置疑地确定人类 MMPs的有限的数字 .揭示每个 MMP的功能所进行的努力可能标志我们在寻求最终了解细胞与它们的环境之间的相互作用的开始 ,这个过程对于哺乳类物种例如人类的进化是至关重要的 .     

茉莉酸类化合物:从植物的诱导抗虫防御反应到生长-防御权衡

茉莉酸类化合物(jasmonates, JAs)可外源诱导植物产生抗虫防御反应.因此,JAs在植物生理及植物保护学领域具有十分重要的研究价值.本文归纳了近20年来在约40种植物上外源施用JAs对鳞翅目、半翅目等植食者及其天敌所产生的生态影响,并从JAs诱导植物产生的直接与间接抗虫反应、诱导系统抗性、诱导方法、田间诱导抗虫表现、应用现状等方面对JAs诱导植物抗虫的研究现状进行了系统的总结.同时,本文结合最新研究结果,从植物体内信号交流、JA信号途径节点调控等方面,对植物体内与JA途径相关的生长-防御“权衡”进行了综述.最后,本文对今后外源JAs诱导植物抗虫研究的发展方向与重点方面进行了分析和展望,以期促进相关研究及JAs田间应用的创新发展.     

两类金属蛋白酶在炎性细胞模型中的变化及中药RDQ的天然抑制效应

目的 探讨金属蛋白酶（MPs）家族的MMPs和ADAMs两亚类成分在前体TNF-α （mTNF-α）向成熟型TNF-α （sTNF-α）转化过程所起的作用,MMPs在炎症过程中活性的变化和中药RDQ抗炎保护功效的分子机制,为人工干预炎症过程提供依据和手段.方法 以IPS刺激HL-60细胞为天然模型,用细胞学和分子生物学技术在蛋白质和mRNA水平上研究MMPs、ADAM17、TNF-α在炎症过程中的表达和活性变化.结果 ①LPS刺激后,HL50细胞上清中MMPs的活性随刺激时间延长逐渐减弱,胞浆裂解物中的MMPs则随刺激时间延长活性增加但LPS刺激对MMPs mRNA的表达影响不大;②LPS刺激能使HL-60细胞中ADAM17 mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表达在6 h同时达高峰;③RDQ能明显降低LPS诱导的ADAM17 mRNA的增加,并能抑制sTNF-α的分泌.结论 ①ADAM17对sTNF-α的产生起主导作用;②纯中药注射液热毒清（RDQ）能调节TACE的表达,最终抑制TNF-α的分泌.     

广西靖西县壮族民间对植物的命名

采用民族植物学方法,对广西靖西县常见植物进行了调查,完成了103种当地植物的民族植物学编目.通过分析这些植物的命名规律,结果发现:靖西县壮族民间对植物的命名采用了“双名”法,植物名称的前面部分包含了植物的形态型或用途类型,而后面的部分则包含了植物的形态特征、颜色、生长环境、性状和用途等方面.本文还对靖西县壮族民间植物命名与双名法以及其他民族命名进行了比较,探讨了其相似之处和不同点.从对植物的命名和发音等方面来看,壮族和傣族两个民族具有语言上的相似性.     

盐生植物耐盐性研究进展

盐胁迫是植物生长最重要的非生物胁迫之一.盐生植物具有耐盐性,可以在高盐环境下正常生长.通过对近年来有关盐生植物分类、盐渍化对植物的影响和耐盐机制等方面的研究进行梳理和分析,归纳总结了影响盐生植物耐盐性的各种因素,为更好地了解和开发利用盐生植物提供理论依据.     

基质金属蛋白酶与体外循环炎性反应研究进展

体外循环(CPB)伴随有不同程度的全身炎性反应(SIRS).基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)可通过调节细胞因子和血小板活性等参与CPB后SIRS的发生和发展.研究MMPs在CPB后SIRS中的作用机制,对于防治CPB术后SIRS的发生和发展具有重要意义.     

反义基因技术及其在植物研究上的应用

介绍了反义基因的概念、分子生物学基础以及作用原理,对反义基因技术及其在现代植物研究中的应用进行了概述.反义基因在调控果实成熟、改良作物品质、获得作物雄性不育系、改变植物花色、增强植物抗病性和研究未知基因的功能等方面具有重要的作用.并对反义基因技术的应用进行了展望.     

安徽黄精属植物的研究现状

黄精属植物是一类集药用、食用、观赏于一身的经济植物.对安徽黄精属植物资源和多样性的研究现状进行分析,主要包括对生物学特性、形态分类、经济价值、染色体核型、孢粉及开发利用等方面进行了系统概括;在此基础上,提出了安徽黄精属植物研究中存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望;旨在为安徽黄精属植物的进一步研究和开发利用提供基础资料.     

甲状腺癌肿瘤标志物研究进展

甲状腺癌肿瘤标志物是由甲状腺癌组织和细胞产生的异常表达的生物活性物质。近年来,肿瘤标志物成为肿瘤基础和临床应用的一个非常活跃的领域,其不仅与甲状腺癌的形成、发展和转移关系密切,也对它的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。随着研究的不断深入,这些肿瘤标志物在临床上已显示出了广阔的应用前景。本文就近年来研究较多且与甲状腺癌密切相关的肿瘤标志物,包括Galectin-3,CK-19,VEGF,端粒酶和端粒酶逆转录酶,MMPs,降钙素,E-cadherin,Tg,TSHR mRNA进行综述。     

CD147与MMPs、VEGF在肿瘤发生发展中相互作用的研究进展

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子（CD147）是一种高度糖基化的跨膜蛋白,属于免疫蛋白超家族成员。CD147为多功能型蛋白,可以参与人体的多种病理生理机制,其通过调节血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的表达参与恶性肿瘤的新生血管的生成及多重耐药性的产生。近年来随着对CD147在肿瘤发生发展中的研究不断深入,越来越多的发现使得CD147在肿瘤进展中的作用日益凸显。已经明确了其对肿瘤的进展及治疗的作用,在多种肿瘤中高表达,并随着肿瘤的恶性程度增高而增加,可以作为某些恶性肿瘤治疗的靶点。然而,CD147其他的功能包括充当T细胞的活化剂、神经识别分子和受体伴侣亲环素A的生理和病理机制还未明确。因此,有必要探索CD147在肿瘤中的特定功能,并阐明其产生机制是至关重要的。在此研究的基础上,现就CD147与MMPs、VEGF之间相互作用对肿瘤的转移和浸润的影响作一综述。     

Roles of metalloproteases in metastatic niche

Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a cluster of at least 23 enzymes belonging to the more wide family of endopeptidases called Metzincins, whose structure is characterized by the presence of a zinc ion at the catalytic site. Although the general view of MMPs as physiologic scissors involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and tissue remodeling is still valid, additional functions have recently emerged, including the ability to cleave non ECM molecules such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines from their membrane-anchored proforms. These functions are utilized by tumor cells and are fundamental in the determination of tumor progression and invasion. The effect of MMPs activity in cancer progression has been traditionally associated with the acquisition by tumor cells of an invasive phenotype, an indispensable requisite for the metastatic spreading of cancer cells. In addition to the traditional view, a new role for MMPs in creating a favourable microenvironment has been proposed, so that MMPs are not only involved in cell invasion, but also in signaling pathways that control cell growth, inflammation, or angiogenesis. Finally, recent evidence suggest a role of MMPs in the so called "pre-metastatic niche" that is the hypothesis of an early distant modification of the premetastatic site by primary cancer cells. This new hypothesis is changing our traditional view about MMPs and provides important insights into the effective time window for the therapeutic use of MMP inhibitors. In this review we provide the main available data about the ability of MMPs in creating a suitable microenvironment for tumor growth in metastatic sites and we indicate the implication of these data on the potential use of MMP inhibitors in the metastatic therapy.     

CD147 与MMPs、VEGF在肿瘤发生发展中相互作用的研究进展

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(CD147)是一种高度糖基化的跨膜蛋白,属于免疫蛋白超家族成员。CD147 为多功能型蛋 白，可以参与人体的多种病理生理机制，其通过调节血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的表达参与恶性肿瘤的新生血管的生成及多重耐药性的产生。近年来随着对CD147 在肿瘤发生发展中的研究不断深入，越来越多的发现使得CD147在肿瘤进展中的作用日益凸显。已经明确了其对肿瘤的进展及治疗的作用，在多种肿瘤中高表达，并随着肿瘤的恶性程度增高而 增加，可以作为某些恶性肿瘤治疗的靶点。然而，CD147 其他的功能包括充当T 细胞的活化剂、神经识别分子和受体伴侣亲环素A的生理和病理机制还未明确。因此，有必要探索CD147 在肿瘤中的特定功能，并阐明其产生机制是至关重要的。在此研究的基础上，现就CD147 与MMPs、VEGF之间相互作用对肿瘤的转移和浸润的影响作一综述。     

Expression and localization of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in giant cell tumor of bone

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regarded as a significant regulator in tumor invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in tumor cells induces the synthesis of MMPs. EMMPRIN is abundantly present on the surface of tumor cells and stimulate adjacent stromal cells to synthesize MMPs to induce tumor progression. Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign but locally aggressive primary neoplasm of bone. The spindle-shaped mononuclear stromal cells are considered to be the tumor components of GCT, which are capable of inducing osteoclast formation by recruiting the circulating monocyte and macrophage. In this study, we proposed that EMMPRIN is associated with the biological progression and aggressiveness of GCT. We have conducted semi-quantitative RT-PCR to determine the correlation of EMMPRIN expression with the clinical stage of GCT. We have also examined the cellular localization of EMMPRIN in GCT using in-situ hybridization (ISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IH). The results showed that EMMPRIN was present in GCT and its mRNA levels were associated with the clinical stage of GCT. Higher expression level of EMMPRIN was observed in GCT with advanced stage (stage III). There was a great significance (P < 0.05) of EMMPRIN expression between stage I & II and stage III GCTs. Both ISH and IH demonstrated that EMMPRIN is present at the multinuclear osteoclast-like giant cells of GCT, with strong immunostaining on the cell membrane. The stromal-like tumor cells were also positively stained but the intensity was weaker. Interestingly, the production of EMMPRIN in osteoclast-like cells of GCT seems to be regulated by stromal-like tumor cells. Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), which has been previously shown to be produced by the stromal-like tumor cells for the recruitment of osteoclast-like giant cells in GCT, enhanced the expression of EMMPRIN mRNA during the differentiation of macrophage-like RAW(264.7) cells into osteoclasts. In short, our studies suggest that EMMPRIN may be an important regulatory factor involved in the biological behaviors of GCT.     

Tumor-stroma interaction: positive feedback regulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) expression and matrix metalloproteinase-dependent generation of soluble EMMPRIN

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are metal-dependent endopeptidases that play pivotal roles in tumor disease progression. In many solid tumors, MMPs are indeed produced by tumor stromal cells, rather than by tumor cells. This expression pattern is, at least in part, regulated by tumor-stroma interaction via tumor cell-associated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). In vitro, recombinant EMMPRIN dose-dependently stimulated MMP-1 production by primary human fibroblast cells. Interestingly, in addition to stimulating MMP expression, EMMPRIN also induced its own gene expression. To further explore this potential positive feedback regulatory mechanism, we generated human breast cancer cells expressing different levels of EMMPRIN. Coculture of EMMPRIN-positive tumor cells with fibroblast cells resulted in a concomitant stimulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, and EMMPRIN production. This induction was EMMPRIN dependent, was further enhanced by overexpression, and was reduced by antisense suppression of EMMPRIN expression in tumor cells. Increased expression of membrane-associated EMMPRIN was accompanied by an MMP-dependent generation of a soluble form of EMMPRIN representing a proteolytic cleavage product lacking the carboxyl terminus. On the basis of these findings, we propose a model in which tumor cell-associated EMMPRIN stimulates MMPs, as well as EMMPRIN expression in tumor stroma. Increased MMP activity in tumor local environment results in proteolytic cleavage of membrane-associated EMMPRIN, releasing soluble EMMPRIN. Soluble EMMPRIN in turn acts in a paracrine fashion on stroma cells that are both adjacent and distant to tumor sites to further stimulate the production of MMPs and additional EMMPRIN, which consequently contributes to tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis.     

Role of matrix metalloproteinases in melanoma cell invasion

Cutaneous melanomas are notorious for their tendency to metastasize. Essential steps in this process are the degradation of basement membranes and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are regulated by their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). An MMP expression is not restricted to tumor cells but is also found in stromal cells, indicating that stroma-derived proteases may contribute to melanoma progression. The MMPs have been shown to interact with a broad range of non-matrix proteins including adhesion molecules, growth factors and mediators of angiogenesis and apoptosis. In this review, we evaluate new insights into the interplay of MMPs and their molecular partners in melanoma progression.     

Matrix metalloproteinases in plants: a brief overview

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases belonging to the metzincin clan. MMPs have been characterized in detail in mammals, and they have been shown to play key roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Plant MMP-like proteases exist, but relatively few have been characterized. It has been speculated that plant MMPs are involved in remodeling of the plant extracellular matrix during growth, development and stress response. However, the precise functions and physiological substrates in higher plants remain to be determined. In this brief overview, we summarize the current knowledge of MMPs in higher plants and algae.