MSCT 灌注成像在肾细胞癌临床应用价值研究*

目的:探讨肾细胞癌多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像特征,并研究其临床应用价值。方法:肾癌患者69例,采用64排多层螺旋CT对其肾脏进行平扫及灌注增强扫描,使用renal tumor perfusion软件对图像进行后处理,自动生成时间-密度曲线(TDC),各种灌注图像及感兴趣区(ROI)内的灌注参数,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)及表面通透性(PS),将得到的灌注参数分别进行统计分析。结果:肾癌肿块灌注参数与已测得的正常肾皮质各灌注参数值均存在显著性差异(P值均<0.01),其中,正常肾皮质的BF值、BV值及PS值均高于肾癌组织,MTT值则相反;肾癌肿块灌注参数与已测得的正常肾髓质各灌注参数值同样存在显著性差异(p值均<0.01),正常肾髓质各灌注参数值均低于肾癌组织,而PS值二者之间差别不显著(P<0.05);肾癌患者健侧肾皮髓质灌注参数值与已测得的正常肾皮髓质各灌注参数值及肾癌患者癌旁正常肾皮髓质各灌注参数值,三者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像在显示肾脏形态的同时,还可定量测量皮髓质的血流灌注情况,间接反映肾脏生理特征。     

CT灌注成像与大鼠C6胶质瘤CD105表达的相关性

目的研究大鼠脑C6胶质瘤CT灌注参数的变化特征,分析CT灌注参数在评价C6胶质瘤血管生成中的价值。方法 20只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为肿瘤组和对照组。对照组通过立体定向仪于鼠脑右侧尾状核区注射10μL生理盐水,肿瘤组于鼠脑右侧尾状核区种植C6胶质瘤细胞复制大鼠脑胶质瘤模型,3周后两组大鼠分别在脑尾状核层面进行CT灌注扫描,大鼠脑组织进行HE染色及FVIII抗体和CD105单抗免疫组化染色。应用SPSS11.5统计学软件进行数据分析,P〈0.05有统计学意义。结果大鼠胶质瘤的CBV、CBF、PS及MTT值分别为（17.35±6.73）mL/100 g、（508.66±158.88）mL/min.100 g、（13.92±8.96）mL/min.100 g、（1.79±0.44）s;对照组大鼠右侧基底节CBV、CBF、PS及MTT值分别为（均数±标准差）分别为（10.28±4.01）mL/100 g、（304.95±88.77）mL/100 g.min、（0.26±0.34）mL/100 g.min、（1.48±0.07）s,两组CBV、CBF、PS值差异有显著性,胶质瘤组呈现明显的高灌注特征,MTT差异无显著性。胶质瘤FVIII和CD105计数分别为（34.7±7.13）条/高倍视野、（16.6±4.12）条/高倍视野;对照组FVIII计数为（17.31±5.62）条/高倍视野,对照组无明显CD105染色阳性血管。肿瘤实质区的CBV、PS与免疫组化的FVIII-MVD和CD105-MVD计数之间明显相关（P均〈0.05）,CBF与CD105-MVD计数之间相关（P〈0.05）,MTT与免疫组化MVD计数之间均无显著相关性。结论 CT灌注参数CBV、CBF及PS与CD105-MVD表达正相关,CT灌注成像有助于胶质瘤血管生成的研究。     

第二代双源CT自适应前瞻性心电触发序列扫描冠脉成像的临床应用价值

目的:探究第二代双源CT自适应前瞻性心电触发序列扫描冠脉成像临床价值及应用前景。方法:将2012年10月至2014年10月期间因持续房颤等心血管疾病入院接受治疗的120例患者纳入本次研究,随机分为研究组(60例)和对照组(60例),研究组患者采用第二代双源CT自适应前瞻性心电触发序列扫描冠脉成像进行检查,对照组患者则采用回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描。对比两组辐射剂量,图像质量评分及图像有效诊断率。结果:研究组患者Z-轴扫描范围、容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、平均有效剂量(ED)、平均剂量长度乘积(DLP)均明显低于对照组,比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组图像质量评分及图像有效诊断率均明显优于对照组,差异均有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:第二代双源CT前瞻性心电触发序列扫描,具有有效诊断率高,辐射量低,安全性较好的优点,在冠脉成像中具有较高的推广应用价值。     

CT灌注评价高碳酸血症模型下正常大鼠脑组织血流动力学变化

目的探讨CT灌注评价高碳酸血症模型下正常大鼠脑组织血流动力学变化的可行性;研究大鼠CT灌注参数变化率与α-SMA表达之间的相关性。方法 10只雄性SD大鼠,体质量250～300g,在吸入空气和吸入高浓度CO2混合气体(10%CO2和90%空气组成)后15min,分别使用GE16层Light Speed CT扫描仪对大鼠脑尾状核层面进行CT灌注扫描,原始图像经GE ADW4.2工作站Perfusion3.0脑部灌注软件处理后产生灌注曲线及伪彩图像,两次扫描前均测定大鼠的血液CO2分压、pH值等血气分析指标。检查结束后24h内,大鼠取脑固定,在尾状核中心层面切片,进行脑组织HE染色及鼠特异性SMA抗体免疫组化染色。应用SPSS11.5统计学软件进行分析:采用配对t检验,比较正常大鼠右侧尾状核在吸入空气和吸入高浓度CO2混合气体后CT灌注参数脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)、血管表面通透性(PS)和平均透过时间(MTT)的变化有无差异;采用Pearson相关分析分别检测大鼠右侧尾状核的SMA阳性血管染色计数与灌注参数CBV和CBF在CO2分压升高前后的变化率相关性。结果所有大鼠在吸入含10%CO2和90%空气的混合气体15min后,动脉血CO2分压均明显升高(t=9.39,P0.001),血浆pH值降低(t=13.49,P0.001)。正常SD大鼠右侧基底节区CBV、CBF、PS每100g组织分别为(10.28±4.01)mL、(304.95±88.77)mL/min、(0.26±0.37)mL/min,MTT值为(1.48±0.07)s;吸入10%CO2和90%空气的混合气体后右侧基底节区CBV、CBF值明显增加,每100g组织分别为(19.25±8.42)mL(t=4.92,P=0.001)和(507.33±167.94)mL/min(t=6.75,P0.001);吸入混合气体前后CBV、CBF增加百分比分别为(87.14±46.45)%、(65.75±22.05)%;PS及MTT变化不显著(P均0.05)。大鼠脑组织α-SMA阳性染色血管计数为(12.7±3.23)条/高倍视野。Pearson相关分析显示,正常脑组织的CBV和CBF变化率与其α-SMA阳性计数之间呈显著相关(r分别为0.652和0.890,P均0.05)。结论 CT灌注技术在改变血液CO2分压的条件下可以反映脑组织血流动力学变化;大鼠正常脑组织高碳酸血症前后CT灌注参数变化率与成熟血管数量相关。     

CT灌注与CT血管成像对蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛诊断价值的Meta分析

目的:采用Meta分析法比较CT脑血流灌注(computer tomography perfusion,CTP)与CT血管造影(computer tomography angiography,CTA)在蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)后脑血管痉挛(cerebral vasospasm,CVS)的诊断价值。方法:以Sino Med、中国期刊网、维普数据库等为国内文献的主要来源;Cochrane图书馆、Medline数据库及Ovid数据库、Elsevier和Springer数据库等作为国外文献的主要来源。发表年限为1999年至2014年。按照Cochran协作网推荐的诊断试验纳入标准选取文献,并提取纳入研究的诊断信息。统计分析采用Rev Man 5.0软件,并同时考察纳入文献间的异质性,再根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型。对所纳入的研究予以加权定量合并,得出合并效应量,计算其95%可信区间,并对合并效应量进行假设检验。结果:按照纳入标准共获取文献6篇,其中有关CTP的3篇(多层螺旋CT),CTA为4篇,均有金标准DSA比较;前瞻性研究2篇,回顾性研究4篇。各组研究均不存在异质性,按照固定效应模型对纳入文献行汇总分析。结果显示,对于蛛网膜出血后脑血管痉挛、CTP诊断的合并效应量估计值为1.59,95%可信区间为0.94-2.69;CTA合并效应量估计值为1.45,95%可信区间为1.18-1.77。结论:对于蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛,CTP诊断的准确性高于CTA诊断。     

CT灌注成像在兔早期肝硬化诊断中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨CT灌注成像在兔早期肝硬化诊断中的应用价值。方法:将55只新西兰大白兔随机分为2组,其中实验组45只,对照组10只。实验组给予皮下注射葡萄籽油稀释的50%CCL4,1次/4天,前4次剂量为1.0 m L/kg,第5次剂量为1.35 m L/kg,共注射20次。对照组采用同样方法只注射相同剂量的生理盐水。每注射4次后分别对实验组兔7只和正常对照组兔2只做螺旋CT灌注扫描,分析灌注参数,同时做相应的病理学观察,将二者进行比较及统计学分析。结果:注药4次末,兔血清ALT及AST明显高于注药前,注药8次末,兔血清ALT及AST最高,之后兔血清ALT及AST轻度减低,注药前后兔血清ALT及AST的变化有统计学意义(P0.05)。而血清(ALB)水平变化不明显,仅在注药16次末后,ALB水平稍减低,但差异无统计学意义。对照组肝脏灌注参数正常,实验组从注药4次开始,HAP呈上升趋势,但注药4次末及注药8次末,实验组及对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.1),注药12次末后二者之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而HPP、HBF及HBV呈下降趋势,MTT逐渐延长,与对照组的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。随兔血清ALT及AST的升高,HAP逐渐升高,MTT逐渐延长,而HPP、HBF及HBV逐渐减低。实验组肝小叶正常结构破坏,肝实质被纤维组织分割成大小不一、圆形或近圆形结节(假小叶),间隔较窄,炎症轻,结节边界尚整齐;汇管区内门脉小支扩张,壁增厚。对照组肝小叶结构规整,肝板排列有序,汇管区无扩大,其内个别炎细胞浸润,肝小叶内偶见点灶状坏死。结论:全肝CT灌注功能成像可为早期肝硬化的诊断提供影像学依据,将灌注征象与病理学变化结合有利于肝硬化的早期诊断和治疗。     

高分辨MSCT薄层重组在常规胸部体检中的应用

目的：探讨多排螺旋CT（MSCT）高分辨薄层重组对体检中肺部疾病的诊断价值,以及MSCT薄层重组与常规CT扫描图像质量及诊断准确率对照。方法：搜集做64排常规CT扫描同时行薄层重组的2473例体检病例中筛选的97例患者进行回顾性分析。结果：97例患者在常规CT扫描中有80例可以显示病变,而在MSCT薄层重组中97例均有阳性发现;其中双肺弥漫性病变79例（两肺间质纤维化78例,肺内多发转移瘤1例）,肺结核3例,肺内孤立结节12例,早期中央型肺癌1例,先天性支气管闭锁1例以及纵隔肿瘤1例;MSCT薄层重组图像可清晰显示肺内小叶间隔线增厚、弥漫分布的囊性病变、肺内结节的细微征象。结论：MSCT薄层重组在胸部体检中的诊断阳性率、细节分辨率、图像质量及确诊率均优于常规CT,可作为肺内病变尤其是早期肺癌筛查方法之首选。     

高分辨MSCT 薄层重组在常规胸部体检中的应用

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)高分辨薄层重组对体检中肺部疾病的诊断价值,以及MSCT薄层重组与常规CT扫描图像质量及诊断准确率对照。方法:搜集做64排常规CT扫描同时行薄层重组的2473例体检病例中筛选的97例患者进行回顾性分析。结果:97例患者在常规CT扫描中有80例可以显示病变,而在MSCT薄层重组中97例均有阳性发现;其中双肺弥漫性病变79例(两肺间质纤维化78例,肺内多发转移瘤1例),肺结核3例,肺内孤立结节12例,早期中央型肺癌1例,先天性支气管闭锁1例以及纵隔肿瘤1例;MSCT薄层重组图像可清晰显示肺内小叶间隔线增厚、弥漫分布的囊性病变、肺内结节的细微征象。结论:MSCT薄层重组在胸部体检中的诊断阳性率、细节分辨率、图像质量及确诊率均优于常规CT,可作为肺内病变尤其是早期肺癌筛查方法之首选。     

64排螺旋CT三维透明化VR重建在内耳畸形诊断中的应用

目的:研究三维透明化VR重建在内耳畸形中的表现,为先天性内耳疾病提供准确的影像诊断和临床治疗信息.方法:回顾32耳内耳畸形的64排HRCT容积数据,行三维透明化重建处理,按内耳畸形分类总结三维透明化重建方法及影像表现.结果:32耳的三维透明化VR重建图像结合透明化MPR重组图像均能很好揭示内耳畸形病变部位及程度,其中VR图像可以直观、立体地显示畸形的空间形态结构,透明化MPR重组图像可很好显示病变细节.本组先天内耳发育畸形有以下几种:耳蜗未发育(2耳);共同腔畸形(4耳);不完全分隔Ⅰ型(2耳,两例患者对侧耳均为共同腔畸形);不完全分隔Ⅱ型(即Mondini型)(16耳,多合并前庭、半规管及前庭导水管畸形);单纯前庭-半规管畸形2耳;单纯前庭导水管扩大(6耳).结论:三维透明化个性重建能准确评价内耳先天性疾病的类型和程度,为临床治疗提供重要的参考依据.     

不同影像方法对股骨头缺血坏死的诊断价值

目的:研究早期股骨头无菌性坏死(aseptic necrosis of the femoral head,ANFH)的不同影像方法(X-ray、CT、MRI)诊断价值。方法:34例双侧股骨头行X线、CT和MRI检查,分析其对早期ANFH的显示能力。结果:34例患者均存在早期骨坏死表现。X线发现Ⅰ-Ⅱ期ANFH 14例,诊断准确率41.18%;CT发现Ⅰ-Ⅱ期ANFH 19例,诊断准确率57.35%;MRI发现Ⅰ-Ⅱ期ANFH 27例,诊断准确率为77.94%。结论:X线平片难以发现ANFH的早期表现,MR结合螺旋CT扫描既可发现早期病变,又可进行分期,是研究早期ANFH的可靠手段。     

中耳胆脂瘤的影像诊断:高分辨率计算机断层成像与磁共振成像的比较研究

目的:评估和比较高分辨率计算机断层成像(high resolution computer tomography,HRCT)与磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)对中耳胆脂瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析临床初步诊断为中耳胆脂瘤患者55人(63耳)在术前5天内进行的16排HRCT和1.5T MRI诊断结果,以病理诊断为基础对HRCT和MRI的诊断结果进行对比研究,统计分析HRCT和MRI的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预期值、阴性预期值,以及Kappa检验两者之间的内在观察一致性。结果:63耳中,病理确诊为中耳胆脂瘤40耳。HRCT正确诊断30例,假阳性11例,假阴性10例,灵敏度、特异度、阳性预期值以及阴性预期值分别为75%、52.17%、73.17%、54.55%。MRI正确诊断37例,假阳性和假阴性各为3例,灵敏度、特异度、阳性预期值以及阴性预期值分别为92.5%、86.96%、75%和86.96%。HRCT与MRI诊断结果之间的内在观察一致性Kappa=0.274(P0.05)。剔除既往有手术史的10耳,只针对无手术史的53耳,HRCT与MRI诊断结果之间的内在观察一致性增高,吻合度一般,Kappa=0.462(P0.05)。结论:MRI的总体阳性检出率高于HRCT,尤其是对中耳胆脂瘤手术后复发的诊断;HRCT与MRI两者相结合对于中耳胆脂瘤的明确诊断具有互补作用。     

正常大鼠脑血流动力学的CT灌注成像研究

目的:采用多层螺旋CT灌注成像探讨正常大鼠脑血流动力学特征.方法:对15只健康Wistar大鼠进行CT灌注扫描,定量测定全脑不同区域的血流动力学参数,分析正常Wistar大鼠脑血流动力学特征.结果:正常Wistar大鼠脑部不同区域的血流动力学参数存在较大差异(P＜0.05或0.01),Wistar大鼠的CBF和CBV值以小脑最高,其次是基底节区和延髓,大脑皮质的CBF和CBV值较低:而MTT值在Wistar大鼠脑部各区域比较接近,均值比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:多层螺旋CT可用于定量评价Wistar大鼠脑组织的血液动力学特征,完全适用于小型动物模型脑部血流动力学的研究.     

正常小型家猪脑血流灌注特征的SPECT/CT研究

目的:探讨采用SPECT/CT获得小型家猪脑血流灌注特征的方法和可行性.方法:对8头健康小型家猪进行SPECT/CT脑显像,进行图像预处理,自动提取脑相同感兴趣的相对血流量和相对离散度.结果:正常小猪脑不同感兴趣区相对血流量存在较大差异(P<0.05),相对脑血流量值以颞顶叶最高,其次是额顶叶,小脑最低.正常小猪脑各感兴趣内的相对离散度有统计学差异(P<0.05),相对离散度小脑感兴趣区最高,额叶感兴趣区最低.结论:SPECT/CT可用于半定量评价小型家猪脑血流灌注.     

Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Adenosine Triphosphate Stress Whole-Heart Dynamic Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using 256-Slice Computed Tomography

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of the qualitative transmural extent of hypoperfusion areas (HPA) using stress dynamic whole-heart computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging by 256-slice CT with CTP-derived myocardial blood flow (MBF) for the estimation of the severity of coronary artery stenosis.

Methods and Results

Eleven patients underwent adenosine triphosphate (0.16 mg/kg/min, 5 min) stress dynamic CTP by 256-slice CT (coverage: 8 cm, 0.27 s/rotation), and 9 of the 11 patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Stress dynamic CTP (whole–heart datasets over 30 consecutive heart beats in systole without spatial and temporal gaps) was acquired with prospective ECG gating (effective radiation dose: 10.4 mSv). The extent of HPAs was visually graded using a 3-point score (normal, subendocardial, transmural). MBF (ml/100g/min) was measured by deconvolution. Differences in MBF (mean ± standard error) according to HPA and CAG results were evaluated. In 27 regions (3 major coronary territories in 9 patients), 11 coronary stenoses (> 50% reduction in diameter) were observed. In 353 myocardial segments, HPA was significantly related to MBF (P < 0.05; normal 295 ± 94; subendocardial 186 ± 67; and transmural 80 ± 53). Coronary territory analysis revealed a significant relationship between coronary stenosis severity and MBF (P < 0.05; non-significant stenosis [< 50%], 284 ± 97; moderate stenosis [50–70%], 184 ± 74; and severe stenosis [> 70%], 119 ± 69).

Conclusion

The qualitative transmural extent of HPA using stress whole-heart dynamic CTP imaging by 256-slice CT exhibits a good correlation with quantitative CTP-derived MBF and may aid in assessing the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery disease.     

Assessment of Renal Function in Patients with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Using Whole-Organ Perfusion Imaging with 320-Detector Row Computed Tomography

Background

Obstructed nephropathy is a common complication of several disease processes. Accurate evaluation of the functional status of the obstructed kidney is important to achieve a good outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate renal cortical and medullary perfusion changes associated with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) using whole-organ perfusion imaging with 320-detector row computed tomography (CT).

Methodology/Principle Findings

Sixty-four patients with UUO underwent whole-organ CT perfusion imaging. Patients were divided into 3 groups, mild, moderate, and severe, based on hydronephrosis severity. Twenty sex- and age-matched patients without renal disease, who referred to abdominal CT, were chosen as control subjects. Mean cortical and medullary perfusion parameters of obstructed and contralateral kidneys were compared, and mean perfusion ratios between obstructed and contralateral kidneys were calculated and compared. Mean cortical or medullary blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) of the obstructed kidneys in the moderate UUO and BF, BV, and clearance (CL) in the severe UUO were significantly lower than those of the contralateral kidneys (p < 0.05). The mean cortical or medullary BF of the obstructed kidney in the moderate UUO, and BF, BV, and CL in the severe UUO were significantly lower than those of the kidneys in control subjects (p < 0.05). Mean cortical or medullary BF of the non-obstructed kidneys in the severe UUO were statistically greater than that of normal kidneys in control subjects (p < 0.05). An inverse correlation was observed between cortical and medullary perfusion ratios and grades of hydronephosis (p < 0.01).

Conclusions/Significance

Perfusion measurements of the whole kidney can be obtained with 320-detector row CT, and estimated perfusion ratios have potential for quantitatively evaluating UUO renal injury grades.     

正常大鼠脑CT灌注成像的可重复性研究

目的:评价多层螺旋CT灌注成像对正常大鼠脑血流动力学观测结果的可重复性.方法:分别对10只健康Wistar大鼠间隔2d进行CT灌注扫描,两组原始灌注数据由2名放射科医师分别进行5次后处理得出CBF、CBV和MTT值.分析观察者内和观察者间观测结果的可重复性,以及对同一组研究对象间隔2d两次检查结果的一致性.结果:多层螺旋CT对Wistar大鼠脑所采集的灌注原始数据在观察者内和观察者间观测结果均无统计学差别(P＞0.05),并具有很好的线性(CBF和CBV值)或等级(MTT值)正相关(P＜0.01).对同一组研究对象间隔2d的两次CT灌注成像结果也存在同样好的重复性.结论:多层螺旋CT灌注成像对于Wistar大鼠脑部血流动力学观测具有很高的精密度和准确性,完全适于小型动物模型脑部血流动力学的研究.     

单光子发射计算机断层扫描肺灌注显像(SPECT/CT)在肺恶性肿瘤放疗中 的应用进展

放射性肺损伤是肺恶性肿瘤放疗后常见的并发症,其限制肺恶性肿瘤的放疗剂量并影响总体疗效及患者生存质量。本文复习放射性肺损伤发生机制及影响因素,分析剂量体积直方图、肺功能测定、TGF-β1等临床常用放射性肺损伤评估指标的利弊。参考近年文献,总结了单光子发射计算机断层扫描肺灌注显像(SPECT/CT)在肺恶性肿瘤放疗中的应用,从其原理、区域肺功能的显像、对放疗的评估与指导应用几方面阐述。认为SPECT/CT能实时反映区域肺功能、肺功能改变以及其解剖定位,可在放疗中起监测作用,对准确评估肺功能、预测放疗后肺损伤,优化放疗计划有重要价值。SPECT/CT肺灌注显像还需要多中心、大样本、长时间随访资料进一步深入研究。     

Pulmonary Abnormalities in Mice with Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Sequential Study Comparing High Resolution Computed Tomography and Pathologic Findings

Background

Human paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic fungal disease of pulmonary origin. Follow-up of pulmonary lesions by image studies in an experimental model of PCM has not been previously attempted. This study focuses on defining patterns, topography and intensity of lung lesions in experimentally infected PCM mice by means of a comparative analysis between High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) and histopathologic parameters.

Methodology

Male BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with 3×10⁶ Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) conidia (n = 50) or PBS (n = 50). HRCT was done every four weeks to determine pulmonary lesions, quantify lung density, reconstruct and quantify lung air structure. Lungs were also analyzed by histopathology and histomorphometry.

Results

Three different patterns of lesions were evidenced by HRCT and histopathology, as follows: nodular-diffuse, confluent and pseudo-tumoral. The lesions were mainly located around the hilus and affected more frequently the left lung. At the 4^th week post-challenge HRCT showed that 80% of the Pb-infected mice had peri-bronchial consolidations associated with a significant increase in upper lung density when compared with controls, (−263±25 vs. −422±10 HU, p<0.001). After the 8^th and 12^th weeks, consolidation had progressed involving also the middle regions. Histopathology revealed that consolidation as assessed by HRCT was equivalent histologically to a confluent granulomatous reaction, while nodules corresponded to individual compact granulomas. At the 16^th week of infection, confluent granulomas formed pseudotumoral masses that obstructed large bronchi. Discrete focal fibrosis was visible gradually around granulomas, but this finding was only evident by histopathology.

Conclusions/Significance

This study demonstrated that conventional HRCT is a useful tool for evaluation and quantification of pulmonary damage occurring in experimental mouse PCM. The experimental design used decreases the need to sacrifice a large number of animals, and serves to monitor treatment efficacy by means of a more rational approach to the study of human lung disease.     

多层螺旋计算机断层扫描测量成年贵州小型猪腰椎正常数据

目的通过测量成年贵州小型猪腰椎椎体及附件各种径线值,建立贵州小型猪腰椎正常数据。方法选取健康成年贵州小型猪10头(雄性5头,雌性5头),采用西门子双源计算机断层扫描仪(CT)对其进行薄层轴位扫描,经Aquarius iNtuition 4.4进行图像重建,在横断位椎体正中层面测量椎体、椎管横径及纵径,椎弓根的宽度及骨性通道,在矢状位测量椎体、椎弓根高度,并对椎弓根宽度、椎弓根骨性通道与体质量做相关性分析。结果腰1~腰5椎体、椎管横径逐渐变大,而椎体、椎管纵径及椎弓根宽度、高度变化不明显,腰3椎弓根宽度及高度均最大,分别为9.81 mm±0.65 mm,17.77 mm±0.46 mm。椎弓根宽度与体质量均呈显著正相关(r_(L1)=0.96,r_(L2)=0.97,r_(L3)=0.86,r_(L4)=0.73,r_(L5)=0.85;P0.05)。椎弓根骨性通道也与小型猪体质量均呈显著正相关(r_(L1)=0.97,r_(L2)=0.90,r_(L3)=0.89,r_(L4)=0.52,r_(L5)=0.65;P0.05)。结论多层螺旋CT及其后处理软件可以准确测量贵州小型猪腰椎及附件影像资料,为建立小型猪腰椎病理模型提供基础数据。