早期肠内营养在重症急性胰腺炎中的应用

目的:探讨早期肠内营养在重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的应用价值。方法:将重症急性胰腺炎患者30例分为实验组和对照组,对照组予以常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗的基础上通过鼻空肠管予以早期肠内营养,记录患者WBC、CRP、血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶恢复时间、白蛋白变化情况、感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间、住院费用等。结果:实验组WBC、CRP、血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶恢复时间较对照组明显低,有显著性差异(P<0.05);实验组血清白蛋白升高较对照组明显高,有显著性差异(P<0.05);实验组感染率、病死率、并发症发生率较对照组明显低,但无显著差别(P>0.05);实验组住院时间、住院费用较对照组低,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:早期肠内营养可以改善急性重症胰腺炎营养状况,缩短病程、减低感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间及住院费用。     

早期腹膜透析联合血液滤过治疗急性重症胰腺炎

目的:探讨早期腹膜透析联合血液滤过治疗在急性重症胰腺炎中的应用价值.方法:将急性重症胰腺炎患者40例随机分为A组和B组,A组患者在常规治疗基础上在入院24h内给予腹膜透析联合血液滤过治疗,B组患者在常规治疗基础上在入院24h后给予腹膜透析联合血液滤过治疗.连续治疗7d.比较两组患者的腹痛、腹胀缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、WBC恢复正常时间以及感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间和住院费用.结果:A组患者腹痛、腹胀缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、WBC恢复正常时间、住院时间较B组明显缩短,感染率、病死率、并发症发生率和住院费用较B组明显降低.结论:早期应用腹膜透析联合血液滤过治疗急性重症胰腺炎效果明显,可较早缓解症状并缩短病程、减低感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间及住院费用,且越早运用效果越明显.     

生长抑素联合抑肽酶治疗急性重症胰腺炎临床疗效观察

目的:观察生长抑素联合抑肽酶治疗急性重症胰腺炎的临床疗效.方法:将急性重症胰腺炎患者48例随机分为两组:A组和B组,A组患者在常规治疗基础上加用生长抑素联合抑肤酶治疗,B组患者在常规治疗基础上加用生长抑素.比较两组患者的腹痛、腹胀缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、WBC恢复正常时间以及感染率、痛死率、并发症发生率、住院时间和住院费用.结果:A组患者腹痛、腹胀缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、WBC恢复正常时间较B组明显缩短,感染率、病死率、并发症发生率、住院时间及住院费用较B组明显降低.结论:生长抑素联合抑肽酶治疗急性重症胰腺炎效果明显,可较早缓解症状并缩短病程、降低感染率、病死率、并发症发生率从而缩短住院时间,降低住院费用.     

空肠营养对重症急性胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨早期空肠营养对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的疗效。方法:118名重症急性胰腺炎患者随机分为EN组和TPN组,比较两组SAP病人住院时间、费用、感染率、并发症及死亡率等。结果:TPN组住院时间长,费用高,感染率、并发症及病死率高,差异具有显著性。结论:早期空肠营养支持可明显改善SAP病情,提高治疗效果。     

空肠营养对重症急性胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨早期空肠营养对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的疗效。方法：118名重症急性胰腺炎患者随机分为EN组和TPN组．比较两组SAP病人住院时间、费用、感染率、并发症及死亡率等。结果：TPN组住院时间长,费用高,感染率、并发症及病死率高。差异具有显著性。结论：早期空肠营养支持可明显改善SAP病情,提高治疗效果。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者早期肠内营养治疗的作用及价值探讨

目的:探讨经鼻空肠管早期行肠内营养(EN)在重症急性胰腺炎(S AP)治疗中的作用。方法:40例SAP患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各20例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用肠内营养。观察两组治疗前后血清白蛋白和淀粉酶水平、血浆内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α水平的变化情况。考察治愈率症、感染率、病死率、平均住院时间及费用。结果:治疗组患者行肠内营养后,血浆内毒素、TNF-α下降速度明显快于对照组P<0.05,感染率、平均住院时间与费用明显降低。结论:EN能改善ASP患者的营养状况,改善肠道黏膜屏障及降低炎性细胞因子分泌来加强治疗效果,是SAP重要治疗手段。     

经胃镜鼻空肠置管早期肠内营养与肠外营养对急性重症胰腺炎患者血糖等变化的对比研究

目的:探讨经胃镜鼻空肠置管肠内营养与肠外营养对重症胰腺炎患者血糖及相关指标的影响.方法:将32例重症胰腺炎患者随机分为早期肠内营养组(EEN,18例)和肠外营养组(PN,14例).详细记录治疗期间的血糖波动,第4d、10d营养指标和淀粉酶等变化,并观察临床恢复情况.结果:早期肠内营养组血糖水平波动较肠外营养组平稳(P＜0.01).入院第4天EEN组患者的各项营养指标和淀粉酶指标恢复明显高于PN组患者(P＜0.01).并发症发生率EEN组少于PN组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:经胃镜鼻空肠置管早期肠内营养对重症胰腺炎患者营养支持的较好方法,方便血糖调控,同时可促进机体康复,减少并发症的发生.     

4重症急性胰腺炎患者早期肠内营养治疗的作用及价值探讨

目的：探讨经鼻空肠管早期行肠内营养（EN）在重症急性胰腺炎（S AP）治疗中的作用。方法：40例SAP患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各20例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用肠内营养。观察两组治疗前后血清白蛋白和淀粉酶水平、血浆内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α水平的变化情况。考察治愈率症、感染率、病死率、平均住院时间及费用。结果：治疗组患者行肠内营养后,血浆内毒素、TNF-α下降速度明显快于对照组P〈0.05,感染率、平均住院时间与费用明显降低。结论：EN能改善ASP患者的营养状况,改善肠道黏膜屏障及降低炎性细胞因子分泌来加强治疗效果,是SAP重要治疗手段。     

经胃镜鼻空肠置管早期肠内营养与肠外营养对急性重症胰腺炎患者血糖等变化的对比研究

目的:探讨经胃镜鼻空肠置管肠内营养与肠外营养对重症胰腺炎患者血糖及相关指标的影响。方法:将32例重症胰腺炎患者随机分为早期肠内营养组(EEN,18例)和肠外营养组(PN,14例)。详细记录治疗期间的血糖波动,第4d、10d营养指标和淀粉酶等变化,并观察临床恢复情况。结果:早期肠内营养组血糖水平波动较肠外营养组平稳(P<0.01)。入院第4天EEN组患者的各项营养指标和淀粉酶指标恢复明显高于PN组患者(P<0.01)。并发症发生率EEN组少于PN组,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:经胃镜鼻空肠置管早期肠内营养对重症胰腺炎患者营养支持的较好方法,方便血糖调控,同时可促进机体康复,减少并发症的发生。     

两种肠内营养方案对重症急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及预后的影响

目的 探讨肠内免疫微生态营养和免疫增强型肠内营养方案对重症急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及远期预后的影响。方法 选择2014年1月至2017年6月在我院就诊的重症急性胰腺炎患者156例。按照随机数字表法将患者分为A组（肠内免疫微生态营养方案组）、B组（免疫增强型肠内营养方案组）和对照组（常规肠内营养方案组）,各52例。检测患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞及其亚群NK细胞、B淋巴细胞,血清免疫球蛋白及ALB、TF、PA等营养指标。同时检测患者肠道菌群,判定3组患者肠道菌失调症发生率。治疗后对患者随访6个月,记录并发症及不良预后。结果 治疗后A组和B组患者患者CD4+细胞、CD8+细胞、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞、B淋巴细胞水平显著高于治疗前,对照组患者除CD8+细胞和NK细胞外,其余各细胞水平亦显著高于治疗前（P0.05）。发病7~10 d后,A组患者菌群失调发生率为5.77%,低于B组（19.23%）和对照组（36.54%）,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗6个月后,A组患者出现1例胰腺及胰周感染,1例MODS,0例病死;B组出现1例胰腺及胰周感染,2例MODS,3例菌血症,1例腹腔感染,2例病死;对照组出现6例胰周胰腺感染,7例MODS,5例菌血症,3例腹腔感染,3例病死。A组和B组预后显著优于对照组,且A组预后优于B组（P<0.05）。结论 肠内免疫微生态营养与免疫增强型肠内营养均能显著提高重症急性胰腺炎患者营养状况,提高免疫水平,且肠内免疫微生态营养在改善肠道菌群及预后方面具有更好的效果,值得临床推广。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.