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1.
Elaine M Forbes Siân R Nieduszynska Fiona K Brunton Joanne Gibson L Anne Glover Ian Stansfield 《BMC molecular biology》2007,8(1):94
Background
In the C. albicans retrotransposon Tca2, the gag and pol ORFs are separated by a UGA stop codon, 3' of which is a potential RNA pseudoknot. It is unclear how the Tca2 gag UGA codon is bypassed to allow pol expression. However, in other retroelements, translational readthrough of the gag stop codon can be directed by its flanking sequence, including a 3' pseudoknot. 相似文献2.
Indeok Hwang Dilli Prasad Paudyal Seong-Ki Kim Hyeonsook Cheong 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2007,12(2):157-164
Inhibitors are very important in the study of hormone function. Brasinazole (Brz) is a specific inhibitor of brassinosteroids
(BRs) biosynthesis. To expand our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of plant steroid signaling, we performed genetic screening
using medium containing Brz under dark conditions. Mutants insensitive to Brz developlonger hypocotyls than their wild type
counterparts. We isolatedabz453 as a Brz insensitive mutant. TAIL-PCR and the segregation ratio of T2 plants indicated a single T-DNA insertion at the 24-Sterol
C-methyltransferase (SMT2) gene in theabz453 mutant. Recapitulation for putative FCP serine phosphatase (FSP), the gene neighboringSMT2, indicated no significant phenotypes, but theSMT2 anti-sense (SMT2-AS) line developed longer hypocotyls than the wild type in medium containing Brz. Additionally, theSMT2-AS line displayed similar phenotypes to theabz453 line in soil including enhanced growth and smaller silique. Theabz453 andSMT2-AS mutants showed phenotypes similar to those of wild type in medium containing benzylaminopurine, pacrobutrazol and ACC (precursor
for ethylene) under dark conditions. However, when brassinolide (BL) dose response was observed, theabz453 andSMT2-AS lines showed higher sensitivity than wild type. Theabz453/det2 andabz453/bri1-119 double mutants showed enhanced growth compared to thedet2 andbri1-119 line under both dark and light conditions. Specially, in dark conditions double mutants displayed nearly 2- and 1.5-fold
longer hypocotyls thandet2 andbri1-119 plants. Brz insensitivity to theSMT2 knock-out mutant and phenotypes of double mutants indicate that not only do BRI1 and DET2 influence the BRs response, as
evidenced by hypocotyl elongation, but another sterol derived signals may also be affected in mutants, suggesting that another
pathway is involved in hypocotyl elongation due to SMT2. 相似文献
3.
To overexpress the chitosanase gene (csn) in F. solani, a vector based on pCAMBIA 1300 was constructed. The csn gene, which is under control of the Aspergillus nidulans
gpdA promoter and A. nidulans trpC terminator, was introduced back into the F. solani genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and the herbicide-resistance gene bar from Streptomyces hygroscopicus was used as the selection marker. Transformants which showed a significant increase in chitosanase production (~2.1-fold
than control) were obtained. Southern blot analysis indicated that most transformants had a single-copy T-DNA integration. 相似文献
4.
Xiaojun Hu Zhengbin Zhang Weiqiang Li Zhenyan Fu Shuxin Zhang Ping Xu 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(6):1111-1118
5.
Hiroyoshi Kubo 《Mycoscience》2009,50(5):400-406
Pilobolus crystallinus shows unique photoresponses at various growing stages. cDNAs for putative photoreceptors were cloned from this fungus. Three
genes named pcmada1, pcmada2, and pcmada3 were identified from the PCR fragments, and amplified with degenerated primers for the LOV domain, which is conserved in
many blue-light receptors. Deduced amino acid sequences for PCMADA1, PCMADA2, and PCMADA3 had one light-oxygen-voltage (LOV)-sensing
and two PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) domains. A zinc finger DNA-binding motif was conserved in the C-terminals of PCMADA1 and PCMADA3.
However, PCMADA2 lacked the zinc finger motif. Expression of pcmada1 was suppressed by blue light whereas that of pcmada3 was promoted by blue-light irradiation. 相似文献
6.
Xu Ming Yin Pedro S. C. F. Rocha Man Ling Wang Yu Xin Zhu Luo Ye Li Shu Feng Song Xinjie Xia 《Journal of Plant Biology》2011,54(3):180-189
Rice gene Oryza sativa Drought Stress Response-1 (OsDSR-1) was one of the genes identified to be responsive to drought stress in the panicle of rice at booting and heading stages
by both microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. OsDSR-1 encodes a putative calcium-binding protein, and its overexpression in Arabidopsis rendered transgenic plants to produce much shorter lateral roots (LRs) than wild-type (WT) plants in the medium supplemented
with abscisic acid (ABA), suggesting that OsDSR-1 may act as a positive regulator during the process of ABA inhibition of LR development. No significant difference was observed
in the total LR length between WT and transgenic plants in the media with the increase of only osmotic stress caused by NaCl,
LiCl, and mannitol, while transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings appeared to produce larger root systems with longer total LR lengths under high-potassium conditions than WT seedlings.
Further analysis showed that external Ca2+ was required for the production of larger root systems, indicating that the promotion by OsDSR-1 of the LR development of transgenic Arabidopsis seemed to occur in a Ca2+-dependent manner under high-potassium conditions. We propose that OsDSR-1 may function as a calcium sensor of the signal transduction pathway controlling the LR development under high-potassium conditions. 相似文献
7.
Mature seed-derived embryogenic calli of indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. PAU201) were induced on semisolid Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.5 mg dm−3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 0.5 mg dm−3 kinetin + 560 mg dm−3 proline + 30 g dm−3 sucrose + 8 g dm−3 agar. Using OsglyII gene, out of 3180 calli bombarded, 32 plants were regenerated on medium containing hygromycin (30 mg dm−3). Histochemical GUS assay of the hygromycin selected calli revealed GUS expression in 50 % calli. Among the regenerants,
46.87 % were GUS positive. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of the transgene of 1 kb in 60 % of independent plants. Further,
these plants have been grown to maturity in glasshouse. In vitro screening for salt tolerance showed increase in fresh mass of OsglyII putative transgenic calli (185.4 mg) as compared to control calli (84.2 mg) on 90 mM NaCl after 15 d. When exposed to 150
mM NaCl, OsglyII putative transgenic plantlets showed normal growth while the non-transgenic control plantlets turned yellow and finally did
not survive. 相似文献
8.
Tatina T. Todorova Ventsislava Y. Petrova Stéphane Vuilleumier Anna V. Kujumdzieva 《Archives of microbiology》2009,191(11):837-845
Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
ure2Δ mutant strain was investigated in the presence of diverse oxidant compounds. The inability of the strain to grow on a medium
supplemented with H2O2 was confirmed and a relationship between diminishing levels of glutathione (GSH) and peroxide sensitivity was established.
Data for the lack of significant effect of URE2 disruption on the cellular growth in the presence of paraquat and menadione were obtained. The possible role of Ure2p in
acquiring sensitivity to oxidative stress by means of its regulatory role in the GATA signal transduction pathway was discussed.
It was suggested that the susceptibility of ure2Δ mutant to the exogenous hydrogen peroxide can result from increased GSH degradation due to the deregulated localization of
the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activating factors Gln3/Gat1. The important role of Ure2p in in vivo glutathione-mediated reactive
oxygen species (ROS) scavenging was shown by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and catalase in an URE2 disrupted strain. A time-dependent increase in SOD and catalase activity was observed. More importantly, it was shown that
the ure2 mutation could cause significant disturbance in cellular oxidant balance and increased ROS level. 相似文献
9.
An autolysin gene, atlh, was identified and sequenced from Streptococcus downei MFe28 using degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the gene-walking method. Atlh protein encoded by atlh is composed of 879 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 95,902.26. Atlh possesses four 15-amino-acid residue repeats in
the putative cell-wall-binding domain and has a catalytic domain in the C-terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence of atlh showed homology to S. mutans autolysin AtlA (68.4% similarity). Inactivation of atlh resulted in elongated chain formation compared to the parent strain. Recombinant proteins Atlh and its derivatives were constructed
and analyzed by zymography. Zymographic analysis revealed that the Asp-771 residue of Atlh was essential for lytic activity
and that lytic activity was not diminished by the deletion of repetitive regions in the putative cell-wall-binding domain
of Atlh. Biofilm assay showed that the wild-type strain formed glucose- and sucrose-dependent biofilms, the atlh mutant diminished this ability. These results suggest that Atlh is associated with cell separation and biofilm formation. 相似文献
10.
Falk Zakrzewski Torsten Wenke Daniela Holtgräwe Bernd Weisshaar Thomas Schmidt 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):8
Background
Repetitive DNA is a major fraction of eukaryotic genomes and occurs particularly often in plants. Currently, the sequencing of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) genome is under way and knowledge of repetitive DNA sequences is critical for the genome annotation. We generated a c 0 t-1 library, representing highly to moderately repetitive sequences, for the characterization of the major B. vulgaris repeat families. While highly abundant satellites are well-described, minisatellites are only poorly investigated in plants. Therefore, we focused on the identification and characterization of these tandemly repeated sequences. 相似文献11.
Wang Minqin Zhao Junsheng Peng Zhenying Guo Wei Wang Yun Wang Le Xia Guangmin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(2):121-130
In order to investigate chromosome elimination in symmetric somatic hybridization between Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and Arabidopsis thaliana, protoplasts were isolated from suspension cultures of both A. thaliana and B. scorzonerifolium parents. Biparental protoplasts were mixed at a rate of 1.5:1 and fused with PEG-method. After protoplast fusion, the products
were cultured in the P5 liquid medium for microcallus formation. Single cell lines formed from microcalli after subculturing
on the MB1 (Xia and Chen, Plant Sci 120:197–203, 1996) solid medium. The putative somatic hybrid cell lines were identified
by cytological and molecular analysis. Of the 132 somatic cell lines generated, 16 were identified as somatic hybrids, with
the phenotypes resembled B. scorzonerifolium parent. These hybrids showed a complete set of B. scorzonerifolium chromosome and 0–2 small chromosome(s) of A. thaliana. A few of them showed nuclear and cytoplasmic SSR fragments of A. thaliana. These hybrid cell lines could differentiate to green spots, buds/leaves through complementation of regeneration ability.
The chromosomes elimination of A. thaliana was discussed.
Wang Minqin and Zhao Junsheng contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
12.
The CONSTANS (CO) gene is a key regulator of the response to photoperiod in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and its homologues are present in many plant species. We describe here the isolation of the CO homologue for zinc finger protein gene GmCOL10 (Glycine max CONSTANS-Like 10) from the soybean cultivar Kennong18. Sequence comparisons showed that the closest A. thaliana gene to GmCOL10 is COL5. The expression of GmCOL10 was regulated in a circadian manner, especially under short-day conditions. The expression of GmCOL10 was concentrated in vegetative organs, and in particular in the unifoliolates and cotyledons. An analysis of subcellular
localization found GmCOL10 in the nucleus. Our data suggested that GmCOL10 was not related to the photoperiodic pathway of floral transition as Arabidopsis CO does. 相似文献
13.
Infection by pathogenic microorganisms is a source of biological stress in plants. Understanding the interaction between plants
and microbial infection at molecular level might contribute to our understanding for the effective control of the disease.
Here, we isolated a novel putative receptor kinase-like protein (Citrus limon P5) that is the first Lec-receptor kinase-like protein isolated in lemon during a pathogen infection. C. limon P5 cDNA fragment was detected by differential display assay in C. limon during Capnodium citri (sooty mold) infection. The deduced amino acid sequence of P5 full-length cDNA revealed a 83% sequence homology with a receptor
kinase-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana characterized by a N-terminal lectin domain and C-terminal serine/threonine conserved domain. The inhibition of the pathogen-responsive
P5 by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine and by a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (PD 98059) indicated
a defense mechanism in C. limon against pathogens mediated via signal transduction pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that C. limon uses this putative defense mechanism against pathogens. The role of this protein is discussed as a starting point to understanding
the molecular mechanisms in the C. limon in response to C. citri infection. 相似文献
14.
Valentina Rosu Mark S Chadfield Antonella Santona Jens P Christensen Line E Thomsen Salvatore Rubino John E Olsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2007,49(1):14
Background
Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) remains an important pathogen of poultry, especially in developing countries. There is a need to develop effective and safe vaccines. In the current study, the effect of crp deletion was investigated with respect to virulence and biochemical properties and the possible use of a deletion mutant as vaccine candidate was preliminarily tested. 相似文献15.
The use of lignocellulose as a source of sugars for bioproducts requires the development of biocatalysts that maximize product
yields by fermenting mixtures of hexose and pentose sugars to completion. In this study, we implicate mgsA encoding methylglyoxal synthase (and methylglyoxal) in the modulation of sugar metabolism. Deletion of this gene (strain
LY168) resulted in the co-metabolism of glucose and xylose, and accelerated the metabolism of a 5-sugar mixture (mannose,
glucose, arabinose, xylose and galactose) to ethanol. 相似文献
16.
The genus Cantharellus is known to have a global distribution and to form ectomycorrhizal associations with a diverse set of host plants. Here we
describe Cantharellus pseudoformosus as a species new to science with a possible association with Cedrus deodara. ITS and LSU data demonstrated that the material from India is distinct from Cantharellus formosus and other closely related species. 相似文献
17.
O. V. Golovanova V. I. Konenkov A. V. Shevchenko M. V. Smolnikova 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2009,45(8):981-986
Based on population analysis of the DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and TNFA allele frequency distribution patterns, regional features of immunogenetic structure of the population of West Siberia were
investigated. Statistically significant linkage disequilibrium within the HLA class II region, as well as between the TNFA and DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 was demonstrated. Population frequency distribution patterns of two- and multilocus haplotypes were examined. 相似文献
18.
Hua Zhang Rui Xia Zhou Li Jing Zhang Ruo Yu Wang Li Zhe An 《Journal of Plant Biology》2007,50(3):336-343
A novel late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene (AY804193), namedCbLEA, has now been isolated fromChorispora bungeana. This rare alpine subnival plant can survive sudden snowstorms and low temperatures. The full-lengthCbLEA is 842 bp, with an open reading frame encoding 169 ami no acids. The putative molecular weight ofCbLEA protein is 17.9 kDa, with an estimatedpl of 6.45. To investigate the functioning of thisCbLEA protein in cold-stress tolerance,CbLEA was introduced into tobacco under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. Second-generation (R1) transgenic tobacco plants exhibited significantly increased tolerance to cold. These transgenics maintained lower malondialdehyde
(MDA) contents and electrolyte leakage (EL) but their relative water content (RWC) was significantly higher compared with
non-transgenic plants under chilling stress. Further experimental results showed that non-transgenic plants had severe freezing
damage after exposure to -2°C for 1 h, whereas the transgenics suffered only slight injury under the same conditions. Moreover,
survival was longer in the latter genotype at that temperature. The extent of increased cold tolerance was positive correlated
with the level ofCbLEA protein accumulation, and was also reflected by the delayed development of damage symptoms. This indicates thatCbLEA is an excellent stress tolerance gene, and holds considerable potential as a new molecular tool for engineering improved
plant genetics. 相似文献
19.
In the absence of interlogs, building docking models is a time intensive task, involving generation of a large pool of docking
decoys followed by refinement and screening to identify near native docking solutions. This limits the researcher interested
in building docking methods with the choice of benchmarking only a limited number of protein complexes. We have created a
repository called dockYard (), that allows modelers interested in protein-protein interaction to access large volume of information on protein dimers
and their interlogs, and also download decoys for their work if they are interested in building modeling methods. dockYard currently offers four categories of docking decoys derived from: Bound (native dimer co-crystallized), Unbound (individual
subunits are crystallized, as well as the target dimer), Variants (match the previous two categories in at least one subunit
with 100% sequence identity), and Interlogs (match the previous categories in at least one subunit with ≥90% or ≥50% sequence
identity). The web service offers options for full or selective download based on search parameters. Our portal also serves
as a repository to modelers who may want to share their decoy sets with the community. 相似文献
20.
There are three most important bacterial causative agents of serious infections that could be misused for warfare purposes:
Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax) is the most frequently mentioned one; however, Fracisella tularensis (causing tularemia) and Yersinia pestis (the causative agent of plague) are further bacterial agents enlisted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention into the category A of potential biological weapons. This review intends to summarize basic information about these bacterial
agents. Military aspects of their pathogenesis and the detection techniques suitable for field use are discussed. 相似文献