多形核白细胞产生的NO和O2-自由基主要形成 ONOO-

用ESR自旋捕集技术研究了人多形核白细胞(PMN)受促癌剂佛波醇(PMA)刺激产生O₂^-和NO自由基的相互作用.发现加L-精氨酸使在PMA刺激PMN体系中捕捉到的O₂^-明显减少,加N^G-甲基精氨酸(NGMA)使在PMA刺激PMN体系中捕捉的O₂^-明显增加.用黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶和光照核黄素体系证明,加L-精氨酸使PMA刺激PMN产生NO^-·自由基与O₂^-结合生成ONOO^-是加入L-精氨酸使PMA刺激PMN体系捕捉的O₂^-减少的主要原因,并且推算了加入不同浓度L-精氨酸PMN产生NO^-·自由基的量.用羟基自由基清除剂和ONOO^-氧化DMPO和DMSO及其对pH的依赖关系,证明了ONOO^-分解并没有直接生成羟基自由基.用依赖鲁咪诺的化学发光法研究了人多形核白细胞受促癌剂PMA刺激产生NO^-·自由基动力学过程.另外,用化学合成的NO^-·自由基和过氧亚硝基在模型体系研究了它们的ESR和化学发光特征.说明PMA刺激PMN生成的NO^-·和O₂^-自由基反应形成的ONOO^-是引起化学发光的主要形式.     

高等植物光系统Ⅱ中强光照射产生超氧阴离子自由基的ESR探索

利用自旋捕捉电子顺磁共振（ESR）的方法对从菠菜叶绿体中分离提纯的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)颗粒产生O₂^-_·的机理进行了直接检测.通过对样品充氧、加入超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）抑制剂四氰乙烯（TCNE）以及原位光照检测ESR信号等手段，在PSⅡ中检测到O₂^-_·与DMPO加合物的特征ESR信号.而在没有SOD抑制剂的情况下，光照时PSⅡ中O₂^-_·与DMPO加合物浓度显著下降.进一步实验发现PSⅡ中O₂^-_·产率与氧分子浓度直接正相关.O₂^-_·产率还具有pH值依赖性，在pH值为6.0～6.5范围内，O₂^-_·产率最高，大于此范围时则呈显著下降趋势.而PSⅡ颗粒的Tris处理也将导致O₂^-_·产率的急剧减少.以上结果证实水裂解放氧十分活跃的PSⅡ也是高等植物叶绿体在光照下产生活性O₂^-_·的主要部位，通常大部分的O₂^-_·能被内源SOD清除，且O₂^-_·的生成与PSⅡ的电子传递活性密切相关.     

甲2巨球蛋白对电离辐射引起人血中O2-·自由基释放的影响

本实验用 ⁶⁰Coγ线照射正常人新鲜全血,观察电离辐射对多形核白细胞(PMN)释放超氧化物阴离子自由基(O₂^-_·)的影响,以及人血甲2巨球蛋白(α₂M)制剂对辐射引起的PMN释放O₂^-_·的作用。结果表明:正常人新鲜全血照射(5-20Gy)后1h,PMN释放O₂^-_·的量较不照射组增高(P<0.01),红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力较不照射组降低(P<0.01)。照前1h加入人血α₂M制剂(每ml全血中加入138.5单位)能有效地降低PMN的O₂^-_·释放量,提高红细胞中SOD的活力。离体实验结果提示α₂M治疗辐射损伤作用可能与其抑制过多的O₂^-_·产生有关。     

呼吸链电子漏在细胞凋亡中的作用

实验证明细胞色素c具有很强的抗氧化功能,在线粒体中氧化态的细胞色素c直接清除O2·-,还原态的细胞色素c清除H2O2.由于呼吸链传递电子合成ATP的同时,总有少部分电子从呼吸链底物端的复合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ漏出,而且漏出的电子首先使氧分子还原成O2·- ,然后O2·-歧化成H2O2,所以细胞色素c清除O2·-和H2O2的功能使呼吸链出现了两条电子漏旁路.细胞色素c通过这两条电子漏路径实现其控制线粒体中O2·-和H2O2水平的功能.根据两条电子漏旁路都是O2·-代谢路径的事实,引进了线粒体自由基代谢的概念,并从自由基代谢失调的角度探讨了呼吸链电子漏在细胞凋亡中的作用.     

O -·2增强谷氨酸与其受体的结合力及EBSELEN的保护作用

用放射配体测定受体法研究了黄嘌呤(X)/黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基(O -·2)对［3H］DL-谷氨酸与大鼠大脑皮层突触膜谷氨酸受体结合的影响,结果表明O -·2明显增强谷氨酸与其受体的结合力,此作用能被2-苯基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)酮(EBSELEN)(1 μmol/L)所抑制.     

羧甲基化虎奶多糖的制备及抗氧化性研究

通过对从虎奶菌菌核中提取的虎奶多糖（HNP）进行羧甲基化修饰,制备了一种水溶性羧甲基化虎奶多糖（CM-HNP）,并对其抗氧化性进行了初步研究.结果表明CM-HNP能有效抑制Fe2+-Vit C引起的大鼠肝线粒体脂质过氧化、膜流动性的降低和线粒体的肿胀,清除邻苯三酚自氧化产生的超氧自由基O-·2并呈一定的剂量-效应关系.     

H2O2－Fe3+所致人淋巴细胞DNA双链断裂损伤

采用脉冲电场凝胶电泳法检测H₂O₂－Fe³⁺体系产生的OH^·对人淋巴细胞DNA的双链断裂损伤．H₂O₂－Fe³⁺浓度与DNA双链断裂呈明显量效关系;随OH^·作用时间延长,细胞DNA双链断裂加重;过氧化氢酶对OH^·损伤有明显抑制作用．脉冲电场凝胶电泳法可检测到的H₂O₂和FeCl₃引起细胞DNA双链断裂的最低浓度为0.3 mmol/L和6 μmol/L．     

线粒体参与氧自由基代谢的功能

根据呼吸链中传递的电子可从细胞色素c漏出传给H2O2的实验结果,结合文献关于呼吸链底物端电子漏导致生成O2·-和H2O2的报导,提出了呼吸链主链电子传递之外,存在一个由两类电子漏衔接形成的电子漏路径.由于这一路径实质上是氧自由基的代谢途径而显示出线粒体可能具有参与氧自由基代谢的功能.     

活化海绵镉微型柱层析法测定血清中一氧化氮

采用铜离子活化海绵镉微型柱层析法将血清中的硝酸盐(NO^-₃)还原为亚硝酸盐(NO^-₂),再通过Griess反应测定NO^-₃/NO^-₂总量以反应体内一氧化氮（NO）水平,从而建立血清NO间接测定新方法. 结果表明,在pH 9.7 时,活化海绵镉还原NO^-₃能力强、速度快、抗干扰性好,还原率为96.4%～100.0%,检测范围为0～400 μmol·L^-1,检测限为1.85 μmol·L^-1,相对标准偏差为2.56%～3.46%,对NO^-₃的回收率为96.4%～102.2%,对NO^-₂的回收率为95.2%～101.3%,对混合标准液的回收率为98.7%～104.4%.该方法具有简便快速、灵敏准确、样品和试剂用量小等优点,可在临床推广应用.     

邻二氮菲－Fe2＋氧化法检测H2O2／Fe2＋产生的羟自由基

报告检测H₂O₂/Fe^2＋所产生羟自由基的新方法. 羟自由基氧化反应后, 邻二氮菲-Fe^2＋的A₅₃₆明显下降, 且△A₅₃₆与邻二氮菲, FeSO₄及H₂O₂呈量效关系, 随反应时间延长, △A₅₃₆依幂函数规律上升. 此法试验结果表明, 甘露醇, 抗坏血酸及硫肥清除羟自由基作用呈明显的量效关系.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.