猪脾铁蛋白反应器储存有机小分子能力的研究

由透析袋、脱铁核的猪脾铁蛋白（Ｐｉｇ ｓｐｌｅｅｎ ａｐｏｆｅｒｒｉｔｉｎ,ＰＳＡＦ）、磁力搅拌系统、酸度计及水浴恒温器构建成铁蛋白反应器,并用于捕获且储存水体中微量有机小分子（中间体及有机磷农药）。实验结果表明,有机小分子（亚甲蓝及劳氏紫）络合于ＰＳＡＦ蛋白上表层的同时,又被ＰＳＡＦ捕获,并以共价化合物方式储存于蛋白宙内。此外,外加扫描电位（－１００－－３００ｖｓ．ＮＨＥ）不仅能提高ＰＡＳＦ储存     

金针菇子实体富硒栽培特性及HPLC-ICP-MS法对硒的分布研究

以金针菇子实体为富硒载体,比较研究其富硒及生长特性,同时采用高灵敏度分离和超痕量元素分析技术（HPLC-ICP-MS）分离检测其含硒生物大分子化合物,确定其分子量及硒含量。结果表明：金针菇子实体对硒的富集能力与培养基中硒浓度有关。样品中的硒浓度与培养基中硒浓度呈正相关性,同一培养基子实体中硒的分布为：菌冠＞菌柄＞菌根;培养基中硒浓度小于30mg/kg时对金针菇的生长有促进作用,富硒系数在2.8－9.9之间;培养基中硒浓度在40－200mg/kg范围时,对金针菇的生长产生抑制作用;高于200mg/kg时,不适于富硒金针菇的培养。对富硒金针菇子实体以Tris-HCl浸提,采用体积排阻色谱法（SEC-HPLC）根据蛋白分子量标样检测浸提液中可溶性生物大分子化合物的分子量分布在25kDa以下;同时与电感耦合等离子体质谱联机（SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS）将不同分子量的含硒化合物中的硒进行高温电离检测各形态硒化合物中硒的含量在68.74－2,986.00μg/kg之间,占浸提液中硒含量的71.87%;其中硒蛋白含硒量占4.88%。因此,以金针菇为载体进行硒的生物有机化不仅成本低,含硒量高,而且硒的主要存在形态安全无毒、人体利用率高。     

单抗在人铁蛋白免疫亲和纯化中的应用

抗人铁蛋白单抗６Ｄ６和Ａ－ｈＦ－Ｃ与肝型铁蛋白和心型铁蛋白的反应性有所不同。６Ｄ６对两种铁蛋白的反应性相似;而Ａ－ｈＦ－Ｃ单抗与肝型铁蛋白的反应性较强。我们将６Ｄ６和Ａ－ｈＦ－Ｃ分别制成了亲和凝胶,用来纯化人肝脏和心脏粗抽提物中的铁蛋白。此法具有操作简便,产率和产品纯度高等优点。     

生物体^31P核磁共振的研究

通过对~（３１）Ｐ核磁共振（（３１）－Ｐ－ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ,~（３１）Ｐ－ＮＭＲ）的Ｉｎｖｉｖｏ谱图介绍,总结了该方法用于定量计算ＡＤＰ、ＡＭＰ、游离［Ｍｇ~（２＋）］、ｐＨ、自由能变化（△Ｇ）及定性研究多种含磷化合物的代谢过程,突出其无创性,显示了该技术的应用前景。     

超氧阴离子对心肌细胞Ca^2＋平衡的影响及硒的保护作用

在超氧阴离子（Ｏ２＾－）作用下,心肌细胞内游离钙深度（［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ）显著升高;心肌细胞膜通透性明显增强;膜脂流动性下降。一定深度的硒代蛋氨酸（Ｓｅ－Ｍｅｔ）亚硒酸钠（ＮａＳｅＯ３）可不同程度地拮Ｏ２＾－的影响。前者作用更为显著。这两种硒化合物也能提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活性。综上所述,硒缺乏,高自由基及心肌细胞Ｃａ＾２＋平衡失调三者之间存在着相关性。在Ｏ２＾－作用下,心肌细胞内     

硒对猪细小病毒体外增殖抑制作用的研究

本文以PK-15细胞为模型,研究了亚硒酸钠、硒蛋氨酸和海藻硒多糖等三种硒化合物对猪细小病毒体外复制 的抑制作用,以及还原型谷胱甘肽、D-甘露醇等氧自由基清除剂对不同来源硒的抑制病毒作用的影响。结果表明: 三种硒化合物对猪细小病毒在PK-15中的复制呈现不同程度的抑制作用,在相同浓度时其强度依次为硒蛋氨酸、 亚硒酸钠、海藻硒多糖,随着浓度的增加,其抑制作用逐渐增强,呈剂量依赖性关系。还原型谷胱甘肽和甘露醇均 有增强硒的抑制病毒复制作用,两者同时添加时,协同增强硒的抑制病毒复制作用。     

硒对猪细小病毒体外增殖抑制作用的研究

本文以PK-15细胞为模型,研究了亚硒酸钠、硒蛋氨酸和海藻硒多糖等三种硒化合物对猪细小病毒体外复制的抑制作用,以及还原型谷胱甘肽、D-甘露醇等氧自由基清除剂对不同来源硒的抑制病毒作用的影响.结果表明三种硒化合物对猪细小病毒在PK-15中的复制呈现不同程度的抑制作用,在相同浓度时其强度依次为硒蛋氨酸、亚硒酸钠、海藻硒多糖,随着浓度的增加,其抑制作用逐渐增强,呈剂量依赖性关系.还原型谷胱甘肽和甘露醇均有增强硒的抑制病毒复制作用,两者同时添加时,协同增强硒的抑制病毒复制作用.     

东张水库氮磷内源负荷定量分析

根据物质平衡原理,通过建立氮磷物质内源负荷与其出入库量及水体氮磷储存量间的定量关系,对水库氮磷内源负荷进行定量分析,揭示水体中氮磷内源负荷的时间分布规律,并以福建省东张水库为例,阐述如何根据水库实测的水质和水文统计数据推算水库逐月氮磷内源负荷的具体做法和步骤。研究表明,东张水库中氮磷元素的内源负荷具有明显的季节分布规律,内源负荷大小与水体底层溶解氧的含量具有一定的相关性。1～4月水体底层富氧,氮的内源输入大于输出,内源负荷呈正值,其他月份呈负值。对于磷,7、8月水体底层厌氧,内源磷的输入大于输出,内源磷负荷呈正值,其它月份呈负值。这一方法只要在具备足够精度和系列的污染物出入库资料、水体污染物储存量监测资料以及相关水文资料的情况下,具有较高的计算精度。     

甲壳素及其衍生物在医药卫生领域中的应用

甲壳素是自然界储存量仅次于纤维素的第二大天然多糖化合物 ,本文综述了其药理作用、在医药卫生方面的应用研究情况 ,如甲壳素抗感染、抗凝血、抗癌及降血脂等作用及在制剂方面的应用等     

超氧阴离子对心肌细胞Ca~（2＋）平衡的影响及硒的保护作用

在超氧阴离子（Ｏ~－_２）作用下,心肌细胞内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ~（２＋）］_ｉ）显著升高;心肌细胞膜通透性明显增强;膜脂流动性下降。一定浓度的硒代蛋氨酸（Ｓｅ－Ｍｅｔ）或亚硒酸钠（Ｎａ_２ＳｅＯ_３）可不同程度地拮抗Ｏ~－_２的影响。前者作用更为显著。这两种硒化合物也能提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活性。综上所述,硒缺乏,高自由基及心肌细胞Ｃａ~（２＋）平衡失调三者之间存在着相关性。在Ｏ~－_２作用下,心肌细胞内Ｃａ~（２＋）平衡失调比膜通透性的改变更为敏感。     

Construction of a ferritin reactor: an efficient means for trapping various heavy metal ions in flowing seawater

An apparatus consisting of two pumps, a mixer, a ferritin reactor, and a spectrophotometer was constructed to study the ability to trap various heavy metal ions (M²⁺) and the dynamics of a reconstituted ferritin reactor in flowing seawater. Reconstituted pig spleen ferritin (PSF_r) is assembled from apo-protein shell to form a reconstituted iron core. The main components of the PSF_r are its core, which contains an Fe²⁺:P_i stoichiometry of 6.0±0.5, reconstituted from pig spleen apoferritin (apo PSF), Fe²⁺, inorganic phosphate (P_i), and O₂ (0.6 atm). The Fe³⁺—P_i clusters within the PSF_r core exhibit resistance to salt ranging from 1% to 6% NaCl. The ferritin reactor consists of PSF_r and an oscillating bag. Using the reactor, M²⁺ ions such as Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, and Mn²⁺ are directly trapped by the ferritin. We found a 1:2±0.2 stoichiometry of the trapped M²⁺ to the released iron as measured by chemical analysis or atomic absorption spectrometry; nontransient elements such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, etc., were scarcely trapped by the reactor. This study provides basic conditions for establishing a ferritin reactor and a convenient means for monitoring the pollution of heavy metal ions in seawater.     

马脾铁蛋白释放铁的反应级数和速率相数的转换

采用差示法研究铁蛋白释放铁的动力学规律和反应级数的转换。结果表明：马脾铁蛋白释放铁的速率及相数与还原剂Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ４浓度及铁还原速率无关,与该蛋白蛋白壳的调节速率有关。在ｐＨ５．０￣６．０范围内,马脾铁蛋白以三相不同速率方式释放占原铁核总铁量８０％的铁。但在ｐＨ９．０介质中,ＯＨ＾－不仅能参与铁蛋白铁核组成,减缓释放铁的速率,而且使原混合级反应转换为一级反应,从而使铁蛋白释放铁的动力学过程由复杂转     

Mitochondrial ferritin expression in adult mouse tissues.

Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a novel ferritin type specifically targeted to mitochondria. It is highly expressed in the human testis and in sideroblasts from patients with sideroblastic anemia, but other organs have not been studied. To study its expression in the main organs of the mouse, we first used RT-PCR and then produced recombinant mouse FtMt and specific antibodies. Immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed that FtMt is highly expressed in mouse testis, particularly in spermatocytes and interstitial Leydig cells. The protein was also identified in other organs including heart, brain, spinal cord, kidney, and pancreatic islet of Langerhans but not in liver and splenocytes, which have iron storage function and express high levels of cytosolic ferritins. Results indicate that the primary function of ferritin FtMt is not involved in storing cellular or body iron, but its association with cell types characterized by high metabolic activity and oxygen consumption suggests a role in protecting mitochondria from iron-dependent oxidative damage.     

土壤干旱条件下磷素营养对春小麦水分状况和光合作用的影响

研究了土壤干旱条件下磷素营养对春小麦水分状况和光合作用的影响。结果表明：土壤干旱下,磷素营养明显改善了春小麦的水分状况,维持了较高的ψｗ和ＲＷＣ,并因而导致了较高的净光合速率和较大的气孔开度。不同干旱程度下,限制春小麦光合的因子并不相同,轻度干旱下,光合降低主要是气孔的作用,而严重干旱下则主要是非气孔因子的作用。无论何种水分水平下,施磷处理的净光合速率皆高于不施磷处理,与其较大的气孔导度和叶肉光合     

A human mitochondrial ferritin encoded by an intronless gene

Ferritin is a ubiquitous protein that plays a critical role in regulating intracellular iron homoeostasis by storing iron inside its multimeric shell. It also plays an important role in detoxifying potentially harmful free ferrous iron to the less soluble ferric iron by virtue of the ferroxidase activity of the H subunit. Although excess iron is stored primarily in cytoplasm, most of the metabolically active iron in cells is processed in mitochondria. Little is yet known of how these organelles regulate iron homeostasis and toxicity. Here we report an unusual intronless gene on chromosome 5q23.1 that encodes a 242-amino acid precursor of a ferritin H-like protein. This 30-kDa protein is targeted to mitochondria and processed to a 22-kDa subunit that assembles into typical ferritin shells and has ferroxidase activity. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that it accumulates in high amounts in iron-loaded mitochondria of erythroblasts of subjects with impaired heme synthesis. This new ferritin may play an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial iron homeostasis and heme synthesis.     

Subcellular Localization and Characterization of Excessive Iron in the Nicotianamine-less Tomato Mutant chloronerva

To understand the function of the Fe2+-complexing compound nicotianamine (NA) in the iron metabolism of plants we have localized iron and other elements in the NA-containing tomato wild type (Lycopersicon esculentum) and its NA-free mutant chloronerva by quantitative x-ray microanalysis. Comparison of element composition of the rhizodermal cell walls indicated that the wild type accumulated considerable amounts of iron and phosphorus in the cell wall, whereas in the mutant iron and phosphorus were detected in the cytoplasm and vacuoles of the rhizodermis. In mutant leaves containing high iron concentrations in the symplast, electron-dense inclusions were detected in chloroplasts and phloem. Such particles, consisting mainly of iron and phosphorus, were never found in the wild type and were very rarely detected in young chlorotic mutant leaves or after treatment of the mutant with NA. For further characterization the electron-dense inclusions in mutant leaves were isolated and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting to ferritin from iron-loaded Phaseolus vulgaris leaves. Antibodies raised against purified Phaseolus leaf ferritin were used. Neither in mutant nor in wild type (iron loaded and control) was ferritin protein detected. These results suggest that the electron-dense inclusions in mutant leaves are not identical with ferritin. It is concluded that NA is necessary to complex ferrous iron in a soluble and available form within the cells. In the absence of NA the precipitation of excessive iron in the form of insoluble ferric phosphate compounds could protect the cells from iron overload.     

Decoupling ferritin synthesis from free cytosolic iron results in ferritin secretion

Ferritin is a multisubunit protein that is responsible for storing and detoxifying cytosolic iron. Ferritin can be found in serum but is relatively iron poor. Serum ferritin occurs in iron overload disorders, in inflammation, and in the genetic disorder hyperferritinemia with cataracts. We show that ferritin secretion results when cellular ferritin synthesis occurs in the relative absence of free cytosolic iron. In yeast and mammalian cells, newly synthesized ferritin monomers can be translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum and transits through the secretory apparatus. Ferritin chains can be translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum in an in?vitro translation and membrane insertion system. The insertion of ferritin monomers into the ER occurs under low-free-iron conditions, as iron will induce the assembly of ferritin. Secretion of ferritin chains provides a mechanism that limits ferritin nanocage assembly and ferritin-mediated iron sequestration in the absence of the translational inhibition of ferritin synthesis.     

Iron accumulation in tobacco plants expressing soyabean ferritin gene

High iron-content transgenic tobacco plants have been produced by transfer via Agrobacterium tumefaciens of soyabean ferritin cDNA under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter. Immunoblot analysis of protein from transgenic tobacco plants suggested mature ferritin subunits are produced by cleavage of transit peptides. The expressed ferritin was observed in the tissues of leaves and stems. The maximal iron content of transformant leaves was approximately 30% higher than leaves from non-transformants. The increased iron content of each transformant was correlated with increases in ferritin content. These results demonstrate the potential of breeding high iron content crops by introduction of the ferritin gene     

池塘内循环流水养殖模式对养殖塘上覆水-沉积物-间隙水磷时空分布特征及释放通量的影响

为了揭示池塘内循环流水养殖模式(Inner-circulation Pond Aquaculture, IPA)上覆水-沉积物-间隙水不同磷形态时空分布特征,探讨沉积物-水界面磷的释放通量及其主要影响因素,在IPA一条水槽前后端设置6个采样点,共设置4条,同时对常规传统池塘(Usual Pond Aquaculture, UPA)设置5个采样点,采用SMT(磷形态标准测试程序)法测量沉积物中磷的形态组成,对上覆水-沉积物-间隙水磷时空分布特征进行了分析,统计了磷释放通量及主要影响环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)从整体上, IPA上覆水及间隙水中不同形态磷含量低于UPA,且IPA水体磷空间分布差异较大,水槽后端沉积物向上覆水释放,水槽前端则表现为上覆水向沉积物汇集;(2)在养殖中后期,空间上, IPA水槽后端沉积物不同磷形态随着距离增加逐渐降低,且均低于UPA;时间上,2种模式TP、IP、OP和Fe/Al-P随着养殖的进行而显著增加, Ca-P呈先降低后增加的趋势;(3)UPA基本表现为沉积物对磷的吸收,而IPA磷释放通量时空差异较大,养殖初期,水槽前端表现对磷的吸收,水槽后端10 m内...     

Soil-dependent variability of leaf iron accumulation in transgenic tobacco overexpressing ferritin

Ferritin overexpression in transgenic plants has been recently reported to increase leaf and seed iron content. We investigated the influence of various soil conditions on this increase in leaf iron content. One control transgenic tobacco and two transgenic tobaccos overexpressing ferritin in the plastids or in the cytoplasm, respectively, were grown on five different soils, two of them being amended with sewage sludge. Although a significant increase in leaf iron concentration was measured in transgenics overexpressing ferritin grown on three out of five soils, this increase was not a general rule. On some soils, leaf iron concentration of control plants was as high as in transgenics grown on other soils. In addition, an increased phosphorus concentration in the two sewage sludge amended soils correlated with a high leaf iron concentration in control plants, similar to the one measured in ferritin transformed plants. Indeed, growing plants in vitro with various increasing phosphate concentrations revealed a direct P involvement in iron loading of control plants, at a similar level as overexpressing ferritin plants. Also, with one of the soil tested, not only iron but also manganese, zinc and cadmium, and to a much lesser extent copper, nickel and lead were found more abundantly in ferritin transformed plants than in control plants. These data indicate that the iron fortification of leaves, based on ferritin overexpression, could be limited in its biotechnological application because of its high soil dependence.