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1.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carnosine, a biological antioxidant, on the acute cardiac damage induced
by a single dose of adriamycin in rats. The experimental design consisted of four groups: Control (saline, i.p.); carnosine
(CAR; 10 mg/kg/day, i.p.); adriamycin (ADR; 16 mg/kg on the 14th day, i.p.); carnosine with adriamycin. Carnosine was given
2 weeks before and following adriamycin treatment. Blood samples were collected for analysis of plasma creatine kinase (CK)
and plasma antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The
rats were then sacrificed, and the hearts were autopsied for hemodynamic study, ECG, and histopathological examination. Results
showed that adriamycin produced evident cardiac damage revealed by hemodynamic change, histological alterations, decreased
plasma antioxidant enzymes activities, and increased lipid peroxidation to the control value. Carnosine treatment led to significant
attenuation of adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy revealed by normalization of the LVDP, ST interval, CK, SOD, GSH-Px, CAT,
and lipid peroxidation. An increase in oxidative stress and inactivation of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT by a single dose of adriamycin
were prevented when carnosine was given 2 weeks before and on the same day adriamycin treatment was administered. 相似文献
2.
Kapil Dev Nasir Akbar Mir Avishek Biswas Jyoti Kannoujia Jubeda Begum Rajiv Kant 《Letters in applied microbiology》2020,71(5):520-530
This study investigated the effects of dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS), as a synbiotic, on the production performance, gut microbiology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile and health indices of broiler chicken. Six dietary treatments were T1 (negative control), T2 (positive control-20 mg antibiotic BMD kg−1 diet; BMD: bacitracin methylene disalicylate), T3 (0·1% MOS + 106 CFU BFD per g feed), T4 (0·1% MOS + 107 CFU BFD per g feed), T5 (0·2% MOS + 106 CFU BFD per g feed) and T6 (0·2% MOS + 107 CFU BFD per g feed). Significantly (P < 0·01) better growth performance and efficiency was observed in birds supplemented with 0·2% MOS along with 106 CFU BFD per g of feed compared to BMD and control birds. Supplementation with 0·2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD per g feed reduced (P < 0·01) the gut coliform, Escherichia coli, total plate count, and Clostridium perfringens count and increased the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium count. Significantly (P < 0·01) higher serum and liver antioxidant enzyme pool, serum HDL cholesterol and lower serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and atherogenic index of plasma were observed in birds supplemented with 0·2% MOS along with 106 CFU BFD per g of feed compared to control or BMD supplemented birds. Better production performance, gut microbial composition, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile and health indices were depicted by broiler chicken supplemented with 0·2% MOS and 106 CFU BFD per g of feed. 相似文献
3.
Andrade F Trujillo X Sánchez-Pastor E Montoya-Pérez R Saavedra-Molina A Ortiz-Mesina M Huerta M 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2011,181(3):403-412
In contrast to fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers of the chicken, slow-twitch fibers are fatigue-resistant. In fast fibers,
the fatigue process has been related to KATP channels. In the present study, we investigated the action of glibenclamide (an anti-diabetic sulphonylurea that acts on
KATP channels) on fatigued slow skeletal muscle, studying twitch and tetanus tension after inducing the muscle to fatigue by continuous
electrical stimulation. Our results showed that glibenclamide (150 μM) increased post-fatigue twitch tension by about 25%
with respect to the fatigued condition (P < 0.05). In addition, glibenclamide (150 μM) increased post-fatigue tetanic tension (83.61 ± 15.7% in peak tension, and 85.0 ± 19.0%
in tension-time integral, P = 0.02, and 0.04, respectively; n = 3). Moreover, after exposing the muscle to a condition that inhibits mitochondrial ATP formation in order to activate KATP channels with cyanide (10 mM), tension also diminished, but in the presence of glibenclamide the effect produced by cyanide
was abolished. To determine a possible increase in intracellular calcium concentration, the effects of glibenclamide on caffeine-evoked
contractures were explored. After muscle pre-incubation with glibenclamide (150 μM), tension of caffeine-evoked contractures
increased (6.5 ± 1.5% in maximal tension, and 5.9 ± 3.8% in tension-time integral, P < 0.05). These results suggest a possible role of KATP channels in the fatigue process, since glibenclamide increases twitch and tetanus tension in fatigued slow muscle of the
chicken and during metabolic inhibition, possibly by increasing intracellular calcium. 相似文献
4.
Genome‐wide association analysis reveals novel loci for hypoxia adaptability in Tibetan chicken
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The Tibetan chicken (TBC), an indigenous chicken breed of the Tibetan Plateau, has adapted to its hypoxic, high‐altitude environment over hundreds of years. The objective of this study was to identify the polymorphisms and genes associated with adaptation to hypoxia in this chicken breed. In the present study, samples were collected during days 18–21 of the incubation period from both surviving chicks and dead embryos, all of which were hatched under hypoxic conditions. A genome‐wide association study was conducted using the Illumina iSelect 60K SNP array with a case–control design, in which the case group consisted of the dead chicken embryos (n = 54) and controls were the surviving chicks (n = 82). Four significant SNPs were detected at the genome‐wide level (P < 0.05), and the results indicated that fork head box G1 (FOXG1) was the main candidate gene. The lead SNP NC_006092.4:g.33368893T>C was confirmed with a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 122 cases and 212 controls. A chi‐square test showed a significant association between NC_006092.4:g.33368893T>C and hatchability under hypoxic conditions (P < 0.01). Our results revealed novel polymorphisms and a candidate gene associated with hypoxic adaptation, facilitating further study in this field. 相似文献
5.
Marilyn C. Erickson Jean Liao George Boyhan Chris Smith Li Ma Xiuping Jiang Michael P. Doyle 《Bioresource technology》2010,101(3):1014-1020
The fate of manure-borne pathogen surrogates (gfp-labeled Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria innocua and avirulent Salmonella Typhimurium) in the field was monitored at both sub-surface (30 cm from surface) and surface sites of static composting piles (3.5-m base diameter) composed of chicken litter and peanut hulls. Despite exposure to elevated temperatures, Salmonella was detected by enrichment culture in sub-surface samples following 14 days of composting. In surface samples, pathogen surrogates were detected in the summer after 4 days of composting by enrichment culture only, whereas E. coli O157:H7 and L. innocua remained detectable by direct plating (>2log10 cfu/g) up to 28 days in piles composted during the fall and winter. All three types of bacteria remained detectable by enrichment culture in surface samples composted for 56 days during the winter. 相似文献
6.
Ummuhani Ozel Turkcu Ayşe Bilgihan Gursel Biberoglu Oznur Mertoglu Caglar 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2010,339(1-2):55-61
Ethanol causes oxidative stress and tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant carnosine on the oxidative stress induced by ethanol in the rat brain tissue. Forty male rats were divided equally into four groups as control, carnosine (CAR), ethanol (EtOH), and ethanol plus carnosine (EtOH + CAR). Rats in the control group (n = 10) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.9% saline; EtOH group (n = 10) with 2 g/kg/day ethanol, CAR group (n = 10) received carnosine at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day and EtOH + CAR group (n = 10) received carnosine (orally) and ethanol (i.p.). All animals were sacrificed using ketamine and brain tissues were removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) and tissue carnosine levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. Endogenous CAR levels in the rat brain tissue specimens were significantly increased in the CAR and EtOH groups when compared to the control animals. MDA and PCO levels in the EtOH group were significantly increased as compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). CAR treatment also decreased MDA levels in the CAR group as compared to the control group. Increased SOD activities were obtained in the EtOH + CAR group as compared to the control (P < 0.05). CAR levels in the rat brain were significantly increased in the CAR, EtOH and CAR + EtOH groups when compared to the control animals. These findings indicated that carnosine may appear as a protective agent against ethanol-induced brain damage. 相似文献
7.
8.
Tanja Goyarts Klaus-Peter Brüssow Hana Valenta Ute Tiemann Kathrin Jäger Sven Dänicke 《Mycotoxin Research》2010,26(2):119-131
Six pregnant sows of 180.6 ± 5.6 kg were fed either a Fusarium-contaminated (4.42 mg DON and 48.3 μg ZON per kg, DON per os, n = 3) or a control diet (0.15 mg DON and 5 μg ZON/kg) in the period of days 63 and 70 of gestation. On day 63 of gestation,
sows fed the control diet were implanted with an intraperitoneal osmotic minipump (delivery rate of 10 μL/h, for 7 days) containing
50 mg pure (98%) DON in 2 ml 50% DMSO (DON ip, n = 3). Frequent plasma samples were taken to estimate the kinetics after oral and ip DON exposure. The intended continuous
delivery of DON by the intraperitoneal minipump could not be shown, as there was a plasma peak (Cmax) of 4.2–6.4 ng DON/mL either immediately (sow IP-2+3) or 2.5 h (sow IP-1) after implantation of the pump followed by a one-exponential
decline with a mean half-time (t1/2) of 1.75–4.0 h and only negligible DON plasma concentrations after 12 h. Therefore, the DON ip exposure has to be regarded
as one single dose 1 week before termination of experiment. The DON per os sows showed a mean basis level (after achieving
a steady state) of DON plasma concentration of about 6–8 ng/mL, as also indicated by the plasma DON concentration at the termination
of the experiment. On day 70, caesarean section was carried out, the fetuses were killed immediately after birth, and samples
of plasma, urine, and bile were taken to analyze the concentration of DON and its metabolite de-epoxy-DON. At necropsy there
were no macroscopic lesions observed in any organ of either sows or piglets. Histopathological evaluation of sows liver and
spleen revealed no alterations. The proliferation rate of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with or without stimulation
was not affected by the kind of DON treatment. The exposure of pregnant sows at mid-gestation (days 63–70, period of organogenesis)
to a Fusarium toxin-contaminated diet (4.42 mg DON and 0.048 mg ZON per kg) or pure DON via intraperitoneal osmotic minipump did not cause
adverse effects on health, fertility, maintenance of pregnancy, and performance of sows and their fetuses. However, DON was
detected in fetus plasma, indicating that this toxin can pass the placental barrier and may cause changes in the proportion
of white blood cells (lower monocyte and neutrophil and higher lymphocyte proportion in DON per os fetuses). 相似文献
9.
The absorption of orally supplied β-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harris RC Tallon MJ Dunnett M Boobis L Coakley J Kim HJ Fallowfield JL Hill CA Sale C Wise JA 《Amino acids》2006,30(3):279-289
Summary. β-Alanine in blood-plasma when administered as A) histidine dipeptides (equivalent to 40 mg · kg−1 bwt of β-alanine) in chicken broth, or B) 10, C) 20 and D) 40 mg · kg−1 bwt β-alanine (CarnoSyn™, NAI, USA), peaked at 428 ± SE 66, 47 ± 13, 374 ± 68 and 833 ± 43 μM. Concentrations regained baseline
at 2 h. Carnosine was not detected in plasma with A) although traces of this and anserine were found in urine. Loss of β-alanine
in urine with B) to D) was <5%. Plasma taurine was increased by β-alanine ingestion but this did not result in any increased
loss via urine. Pharmacodynamics were further investigated with 3 × B) per day given for 15 d. Dietary supplementation with
I) 3.2 and II) 6.4 g · d−1 β-alanine (as multiple doses of 400 or 800 mg) or III) L-carnosine (isomolar to II) for 4 w resulted in significant increases
in muscle carnosine estimated at 42.1, 64.2 and 65.8%. 相似文献
10.
J.S. Weese R.J. Reid‐Smith B.P. Avery J. Rousseau 《Letters in applied microbiology》2010,50(4):362-365
Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of Clostridium difficile contamination of retail chicken. Methods and Results: Chicken legs, thighs and wings were purchased using a standardized method from retail outlets across Ontario, Canada. Selective culture was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of C. difficile. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 26/203 (12·8%) chicken samples; 10/111 (9·0%) thighs, 13/72 (18%) wings and 3/20 (15%) legs (P = 0·19). All isolates were ribotype 078, a strain that has been associated with food animals and potentially community‐associated disease in humans. All positive samples were positive only on enrichment culture. Conclusions: Clostridium difficile could be found relatively commonly in retail chicken meat, albeit at low levels. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study to report C. difficile in chicken meat. Contamination of meat with C. difficile strains implicated in human infections raises concerns about food as a source of C. difficile infection. The relevance of food contamination is completely unclear at this point but food should be investigated as a source of infection. 相似文献
11.
Yan Zhou Yiping Liu Xiaosong Jiang Huarui Du Xiaocheng Li Qing Zhu 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(1):587-594
Myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2A (MEF2A) gene is a member of the myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2 (MEF2) protein family which involved in vertebrate skeletal muscle development and differentiation. The aim of the current study
is to investigate the potential associations between MEF2A gene SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and the carcass traits in 471 chicken samples from four populations. Three new
SNPs (T46023C, A72626G, and T89232G) were detected in the chicken MEF2A gene. The T46023C genotypes were associated with live body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), eviscerated weight, semi-eviscerated
weight (SEW), and leg muscle weight (LMW) (P < 0.05); the A72626G genotypes were associated with BW, CW, LMW (P < 0.01) and breast muscle weight (BMW), leg muscle percentage (LMP) (P < 0.05); whereas the T89232G genotypes were associated with carcass percentage (CP) and semi-eviscerated percentage (SEP)
(P < 0.05). The haplotypes constructed on the three SNPs were associated with BW, CW, LMW (P < 0.01), SEW, BMW, CP (P < 0.05). Significantly and suggestive dominant effects of diplotype H1H2 were observed for BW, CW, SEW, BMW and CP, whereas
diplotype H5H5 had a negative effect on BW, CW, SEW, BMW and LMW. Our results suggest that the MEF2A gene may be a potential marker affecting the muscle trait of chickens. 相似文献
12.
Meixia Fang Qinghua Nie Chenlong Luo Dexiang Zhang Xiquan Zhang 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(1):423-428
Ghrelin receptor (GHSR), or growth hormone secretagogue receptor, modulates many physiological effects by binding to its ligand
and therefore is a candidate gene for chicken production performance. In this study, five polymorphisms (four SNP and a ‘GGTACA’
indel) of GHSR gene were genotyped in a F2 full sib chicken population to investigate their associations with production traits. Results showed that c.739 + 726T > C
(M2) was significantly associated with body weight (BW) at 28 days (BW28), BW90, dressed weight, eviscerated weight, eviscerated
weight with giblet, breast muscle weight and leg muscle weight (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, T allele rather than C was positive for chicken body weight gain as individuals with CC had the lowest
value of all traits. Otherwise, no significant association of c.264G > A (M1), c.3211-196_3211-181delGGTACA (M3), c.3211 + 75C > T
(M4), and c.3211 + 150C > T (M5) with any growth and carcass traits was found. Haplotypes based on five polymorphisms were
significantly associated with hatch weight, BW7, BW14, BW21 and breast angle (P < 0.05), as well as BW28 (P < 0.01). Therefore, it was concluded that M2 of the GHSR gene and the analyzed haplotypes were associated with some chicken
growth and carcass traits. 相似文献
13.
J. Godbillon G. Carnis 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1981,222(3):461-466
A reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic method using UV detection is described for the assay of the major metabolite of phentolamine in plasma and urine before or after enzymatic hydrolysis. Plasma is deproteinized with methanol. The sensitivity limit is 200 ng/ml using 150-μl samples. Urine is either diluted with water or purified after enzymatic hydrolysis. Concentrations down to 2–3 μg/ml could be quantified with acceptable precision. This method was applied to plasma and urine samples from subjects given phentolamine. 相似文献
14.
Santiago Navas-Carretero Marta Cuervo Itziar Abete M. Angeles Zulet J. Alfredo Martínez 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(1):8-19
To assess the effects of a moderately high-protein intake on the body composition, biochemical, and antioxidant status parameters
in young adults depending on either selenium- (Se) or non-enriched chicken consumption. The volunteers (n = 24) that completed the 10-week nutritional intervention were distributed in two parallel groups and randomly assigned to
follow an isocaloric diet with moderately high content in protein (30% energy), either with the consumption of four 200 g
portions/week of Se- or non-enriched chicken breasts. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the study
and body composition was monitored during the trial. There was a significant reduction in weight, accompanying a decrease
on fat mass in both groups, while fat-free mass remained unchanged during the 10 weeks of intervention, without differences
between both dietary groups. Selenium blood levels and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as lipid, glucose,
and selected inflammation biomarkers remained stable during the intervention period in both dietary groups. Frequent chicken
consumption, within a controlled diet with a moderately high content in protein, produced a slight but statistically significant
weight reduction mainly due to the loss of fat mass. An extra Se supplementation (22 μg/day) in the Se-enriched chicken breast
did not affect tachyphylactic antioxidant status of the participants neither inflammatory-related markers after weight loss. 相似文献
15.
Bronislaw A. Zachara Jolanta Gromadzinska Jadwiga Palus Zbigniew Zbrog Rafal Swiech Ewa Twardowska Wojciech Wasowicz 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):274-283
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased incidence of cancer. It is well known that long periods of hemodialysis
(HD) treatment are linked to DNA damage due to oxidative stress. In this study, we examined the effect of selenium (Se) supplementation
to CKD patients on HD on the prevention of oxidative DNA damage in white blood cells. Blood samples were drawn from 42 CKD
patients on HD (at the beginning of the study and after 1 and 3 months) and from 30 healthy controls. Twenty-two patients
were supplemented with 200 μg Se (as Se-rich yeast) per day and 20 with placebo (baker's yeast) for 3 months. Se concentration
in plasma and DNA damage in white blood cells expressed as the tail moment, including single-strand breaks (SSB) and oxidative
bases lesion in DNA, using formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (FPG), were measured. Se concentration in patients was significantly
lower than in healthy subjects (P < 0.0001) and increased significantly after 3 months of Se supplementation (P < 0.0001). Tail moment (SSB) in patients before the study was three times higher than in healthy subjects (P < 0.01). After 3 months of Se supplementation, it decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and was about 16% lower than in healthy subjects. The oxidative bases lesion in DNA (tail moment, FPG) of HD patients
at the beginning of the study was significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared with controls, and 3 months after Se supplementation it was 2.6 times lower than in controls (P < 0.01). No changes in tail moment was observed in the placebo group. In conclusion, our study shows that in CKD patients
on HD, DNA damage in white blood cells is higher than in healthy controls, and Se supplementation prevents the damage of DNA. 相似文献
16.
The calpain system, a Ca2+-activated protease family, plays an important role in postmortem tenderization of skeletal muscle due to its involvement
in the degradation of important myofibrillar and associated proteins, as well as in cytoskeletal remodeling and regulation
of muscle growth. In this study, we quantified the expression of calpastatin (CAST) in two Chinese chicken breeds (mountainous black-bone chicken breed (MB) and a commercial meat type chicken breed (S01)),
to discern the tissue and age-related specific expression pattern and its potential role on muscle tissue metabolism. Real-time
quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was developed for accurate measurement of CAST mRNA levels in various tissues from chicken with different ages (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 week). CAST mRNA was detected in collected organs. The heart and leg muscle tissues had the highest expression of CAST than other tissues from the same chicken (P < 0.01). Age-related expression pattern of CAST gene was evident in breast muscle, liver, and brain tissues (P < 0.05), but not in heart and leg muscle tissues (P > 0.05). Overall, the CAST mRNA level exhibited a “rise-decline-rise-decline” developmental change in breast muscle and liver, with the highest expression
at 2 weeks and the lowest expression at 8 weeks. The S01 chicken had significantly higher expression of CAST in breast muscle and heart than the MB chicken (P < 0.05) at 10 weeks. Our results suggested the CAST expression may be related to muscle fiber development. 相似文献
17.
Noomen Hmidet Nedra El Hadj Ali Nahed Zouari-Fakhfakh Anissa Haddar Moncef Nasri Alya Sellemi-Kamoun 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2010,37(9):983-990
This study is concerned with the co-production of alkaline proteases and thermostable α-amylase by some feather-degrading
Bacillus strains: B. mojavensis A21, B. licheniformis NH1, B. subtilis A26, B. amyloliquefaciens An6 and B. pumilus A1. All strains produced both enzymes, except B. pumilus A1, which did not exhibit amylolytic activity. The best enzyme co-production was obtained by the NH1 strain when chicken
feathers were used as nitrogen and carbon sources in the fermentation medium. The higher co-production of both enzymes by
B. licheniformis NH1 strain was achieved in the presence of 7.5 g/l chicken feathers and 1 g/l yeast extract. Strong catabolic repression
on protease and α-amylase production was observed with glucose. Addition of 0.5% glucose to the feather medium suppressed
enzyme production by B. licheniformis NH1. The growth of B. licheniformis NH1 using chicken feathers as nitrogen and carbon sources resulted in its complete degradation after 24 h of incubation at
37°C. However, maximum protease and amylase activities were attained after 30 h and 48 h, respectively. Proteolytic activity
profiles of NH1 enzymatic preparation grown on chicken feather or casein-based medium are different. As far as we know, this
is the first contribution towards the co-production of α-amylase and proteases using keratinous waste. Strain NH1 shows potential
use for biotechnological processes involving keratin hydrolysis and industrial α-amylase and proteases co-production. Thus,
the utilization of chicken feathers may result in a cost-effective process suitable for large-scale production. 相似文献
18.
Everaert I Taes Y De Heer E Baelde H Zutinic A Yard B Sauerhöfer S Vanhee L Delanghe J Aldini G Derave W 《American journal of physiology. Renal physiology》2012,302(12):F1537-F1544
A polymorphism in the carnosine dipeptidase-1 gene (CNDP1), resulting in decreased plasma carnosinase activity, is associated with a reduced risk for diabetic nephropathy. Because carnosine, a natural scavenger/suppressor of ROS, advanced glycation end products, and reactive aldehydes, is readily degraded in blood by the highly active carnosinase enzyme, it has been postulated that low serum carnosinase activity might be advantageous to reduce diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to examine whether low carnosinase activity promotes circulating carnosine levels after carnosine supplementation in humans. Blood and urine were sampled in 25 healthy subjects after acute supplementation with 60 mg/kg body wt carnosine. Precooled EDTA-containing tubes were used for blood withdrawal, and plasma samples were immediately deproteinized and analyzed for carnosine and β-alanine by HPLC. CNDP1 genotype, baseline plasma carnosinase activity, and protein content were assessed. Upon carnosine ingestion, 8 of the 25 subjects (responders) displayed a measurable increase in plasma carnosine up to 1 h after supplementation. Subjects with no measurable increment in plasma carnosine (nonresponders) had ~2-fold higher plasma carnosinase protein content and ~1.5-fold higher activity compared with responders. Urinary carnosine recovery was 2.6-fold higher in responders versus nonresponders and was negatively dependent on both the activity and protein content of the plasma carnosinase enzyme. In conclusion, low plasma carnosinase activity promotes the presence of circulating carnosine upon an oral challenge. These data may further clarify the link among CNDP1 genotype, carnosinase, and diabetic nephropathy. 相似文献
19.
Debby C. Barsi John E. Major Alex Mosseler Moira Campbell 《Trees - Structure and Function》2009,23(3):555-571
Chlorophyll pigment concentrations and proportions, nitrogen (N), and needle morphology traits, are important components of
growth and were examined in five hybrid index categories from controlled crosses of various crosstypes, ranging from pure
black spruce (BS) [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] to pure red spruce (RS) (Picea rubens Sarg.) grown under controlled light and water environments. Black spruce had on average 10% greater total chlorophyll concentration
(CHL) than RS. Red spruce had proportionately less chlorophyll a:b and CHL:CAR (carotenoid) ratios than BS. Nitrogen (N) concentrations were 1.75 and 1.60% for BS and RS, respectively. Black
spruce had the lowest carbon (C):N ratio (29.7) and RS had among the highest (32.3). Interestingly, there was no difference
in specific needle area among hybrid indices. Most of the chlorophyll pigment, C and N traits followed an additive inheritance
model, evidenced by a near-linear relationship from BS to RS across hybrid indices. However, for CHL, CAR, and CHL:CAR ratio,
parental analysis showed significant male effects and non-significant female and male × female interaction effects. Black
spruce males had 15.1 and 9.6% higher CHL and CAR, respectively, than hybrid or RS males, thus showing an underlying paternally
inherited genetic control. Controlling for N differences, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that sun-grown seedlings
had 22.2% or 300 μg g−1 lower CHL than shade-grown seedlings. Controlling for N, ANCOVA showed that the drought-grown seedlings actually had 6.7%
or 100 μg g−1 greater CHL than the irrigated seedlings. Sun plus drought conditions gave the lowest CHL, N, and CHL:CAR ratio of all treatments,
showing an additive multi-stress effect. There was a significant hybrid index × light effect as a result of rank changes.
Sun-grown RS had the lowest CHL and N values, whereas shade-grown RS had among the highest CHL and N values. Red spruce are
at a competitive disadvantage compared with BS and most hybrid spruce in high light, high drought, and high light plus drought
conditions. Red spruce will be strongly limited in its distribution by successional opportunities resulting from prevalent
harvesting practices such as clearcutting. Silvicultural modifications and genetic restoration will be required to maintain
RS on the landscape of northeastern North America. 相似文献
20.
N. Haagsma J.R. Keegstra P. Scherpenisse 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1993,615(2)
A rapid clean-up procedure based on ion-pair solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of spectinomycin in swine, calf and chicken plasma at a limit of detection of 50 ng/ml is described. After dilution with water and adjustment of the pH to approximately 5.6, the plasma is applied to a high-hydrophobic C18 SPE column treated with sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate. Spectinomycin is eluted with methanol and derivatized with 2-naphthalene sulphonyl chloride prior to chromatography. The HPLC set-up consists of a dual-column system using two Chromspher silica columns and dichloromethane—acetonitrile—ethyl acetate—acetic acid, in different ratios, as mobile phases. Detection is performed at 250 nm. Quantification is carried out using external standards prepared in blank cleaned plasma. Mean recoveries were 83 ± 3% (n = 5), 93 ± 6% (n = 5) and 92 ± 6% (n = 6) for swine, calf and chicken plasma, respectively, at the 0.1 μg/ml level. 相似文献