阿苯哒唑对蚯蚓的生态毒理效应

采用人工污染土壤法测定了不同浓度阿苯哒唑对蚯蚓生长、生存、繁殖以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽-硫转移酶（GST-S）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）活性的影响.结果表明:低浓度阿苯哒唑（5 mg·kg^-1）对蚯蚓的繁殖有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）;当阿苯哒唑含量达到7 mg·kg^-1时,将明显影响蚯蚓的生长和生存（P<0.05）;当其含量达到10 mg·kg^-1时,蚯蚓的死亡率为53%.阿苯哒唑浓度与蚯蚓的生长、繁殖间存在明显的剂-效关系.阿苯哒唑染毒21 d后,对蚯蚓SOD、GST-S的活性有明显影响,药物浓度与效应间没有明显的剂-效关系,对AchE活性没有表现出明显的影响.阿苯哒唑对土壤动物显示毒性作用,具有潜在的生态风险.     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST－π）的肝内定位意义及与γ－GT、AFP的比较

本文对各种肝病肝组织内人胎盘型谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（ＧＳＴ）作免疫组化定位检测,并与γ－谷胺酰转肽酶（γ－ＧＴ）、甲胎蛋白（ＡＦＰ）作比较,发现肝癌组及慢性肝病组内ＧＳＴ－π检出率分别为２１／２２,９５．４５％和９／１３,６９．２３％,均高于γ－ＧＴ（７７．２７％和３０．７％）以及ＡＦＰ（７２．７３％和７．６９％）,而非肝病对照组为０。ＧＳＴ－π在肝癌之癌内、外组织检出率均高,但γ－ＧＴ以癌外为高,ＡＦＰ以癌内为高,结果表明ＧＳＴ－π作为肝细胞癌的标志,其敏感性高于ＡＦＰ和γ－ＧＴ。文内还讨论了ＧＳＴ－π在慢性肝病中检出的意义。     

NaCl及KCl对叶绿体膜上偶联因子腺三磷酶活力的调节

在不外加Mg~(2 )的条件下,激活液中加入30 mMNaCl或15 mM KCl,能促进叶绿体膜上偶联因子的腺三磷酶活力。其促进程度与叶绿素浓度、反应底物ATP浓度及DTT的存在有关。但此促进现象可被加入低浓度的EDTA所消除,NaCl及KCl可将叶绿体内含有的内源或结合态的Mg~(2 )释放出来,有活化腺三磷酶的作用。     

氯化镧对牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、生长激素、胰岛素、三碘甲腺原氨酸和四碘甲状腺原氨酸浓度的影响

选用36头平均体重420 kg,年龄2.5岁的中国西门答尔阉牛,采用随机区组设计分为4组,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究日粮中添加不同水平氯化镧对西门答尔阉牛营养物质消化、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、生长激素、胰岛素、三碘甲腺原氨酸和四碘甲状腺原氨酸浓度的影响。结果表明:实验至第60天时,每天添加0.9 g氯化镧的饲粮有机物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率较对照组和其它处理组分别提高了8.09%、7.13%、15.20%、9.47%、13.09%和20.48%,血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性较对照组和其它处理组显著提高了8.22、3.95和5.04个单位,血清生长激素、胰岛素浓度、三碘甲腺原氨酸和四碘甲状腺原氨酸浓度均显著高。     

2，4-D丁酯对罂粟（Papaver somniferum L.）保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响

罂粟（Papaver somniferum L.）花蕾期用不同浓度的2,4-D丁酯对植株进行处理,测定了4d中叶片相对含水量（RWC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、膜相对透性及保护酶（SOD、POD）活性变化情况。结果表明：在1ml/L、2ml/L、4ml/L浓度处理下对罂粟叶片RWC影响不显著,8ml/L处理下的RWC随处理时间的延长呈显著下降趋势,第4天比第1天下降了48.7%。在各处理下MDA含量和膜相对透性的变化趋势基本一致,1ml/L、2ml/L、4ml/L处理前期下降,后期升高。8ml/L处理对MDA含量和膜相对透性的影响显著的高于其它处理,随处理时间的延长呈先升高后降低的趋势。保护酶在处理条件下随时间延长其活性有明显的变化：POD活性变化波动较大,除8 ml/L外其它处理在第2、第4天有两次上升峰,8 ml/L峰值出现在第2天,之后下降在第4天达最低。SOD活性先降低后升高,都高于对照,所有处理SOD活性在第3d最低,第4天8 ml/L处理的活性显著的高于其它处理。表明了高浓度（8 ml/L）的2,4-D能使膜脂过氧化而产生较大的损伤,其它浓度处理对膜脂过氧化及膜透性影响相对较小,表明8ml/L的2,4-D是灭杀罂粟的最适用量。     

神经节苷脂联合咪达唑仑治疗重症颅脑损伤的临床疗效及对患者血清MMP-9、GFAP、MBP、NSE水平的影响

目的:探讨神经节苷脂联合咪达唑仑治疗重症颅脑损伤的临床疗效及对患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平的影响。方法:选择2016年3月到2017年9月于我院进行治疗的85例重症颅脑损伤患者,将其按随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=40),对照组使用神经节苷脂治疗,观察组采用神经节苷脂联合咪达唑仑治疗。比较两组治疗后疗效及血清GFAP、中枢神经特异蛋白(S100β)、NSE、MMP-9、MBP、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率(93.33%)显著高于对照组(75.00%,P0.05);两组血清GFAP、S100β、NSE、MMP-9、MBP、CRP、IL-6及TNF-α水平均较治疗前明显下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组GCS评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),且不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(6.67%vs. 30.00%,P0.05)。结论:神经节苷脂联合咪达唑仑治疗重症颅脑损伤患者的临床效果显著,明显优于单用神经节苷脂治疗,可能与其有效改善患者血清MMP-9、GFAP、MBP、NSE水平及抑制炎症因子的生成有关。     

Elevation of glutathione levels and glutathione S-transferase activity in arsenic-resistant chinese hamster ovary cells

Summary Arsenic-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were established by progressively increasing the concentration of sodium arsenite in culture medium. One of the resistant clones, SA7, was also cross-resistant to As(V), Zn, Fe(II), Co, and Hg. The susceptibilities to sodium arsenite in parental CHO cells, revertant SA7N cells, and resistant SA7 cells were correlated with their intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. The resistance in SA7 cells was diminished by depletion of GSH in cells after treatment with buthionine sulfoximine. Furthermore, after reexposure of revertant SA7N cells to sodium arsenite, the intracellular GSH levels, GST activity, and resistance to sodium arsenite were raised to the same levels as SA7 cells. These data indicate that the elevation of intracellular GSH levels and GST activity in SA7 cells may be responsible for the resistance to arsenite. A p25 protein, which could be a monomer subunit of GST, accumulated in SA7 cells. In addition, an outward transport inhibitor, verapamil, indiscriminately increased the arsenite toxicity in resistant and parental cells. This work was supported in part by grant NSC77-0201-B001-31 from the National Science Council, Republic of China.     

Effects of cyclic 12-, 8-, and 6-carbon compounds on glutathione S-transferase activity

The effects of feeding $\text{ICR}\text{Ha}$ mice cyclic 12-, 8-, and 6-carbon compounds on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver, intestinal mucosa, and the forestomach were determined. The compounds used for this study were 1,5,9-trans,trans,cis-cyclododecatriene, 1,2-trans-5,6-trans-9,10-cis-cyclododecatriene-1,2-oxide, cyclododecanol, cyclododecene oxide, cyclododecane, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, cyclooctene oxide, cyclohexene, and cyclohexene oxide. The unsaturated cyclic 12-carbon compounds elicited the greatest increase in GST activity. Thus, feeding 1,5,9-trans,trans,cis-cyclododecatriene increased this activity almost 4-fold in the livers and the intestinal mucosa of experimental animals. Cyclic 8-carbon compounds were less effective and feeding the cyclic 6-carbon compounds did not result in any significant increase in GST activity. None of the compounds elicited increased GST activity in the fore-stomach. Previous studies have shown that compounds inducing increased GST activity can protect against chemical carcinogens. It remains to be determined whether the compounds identified in the present investigation as inducers of this enzyme system will have such protective capacities.     

辣椒碱对烟粉虱体内羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响

【背景】烟粉虱作为世界性的多食性害虫,对我国农业生产造成了严重危害。已有研究表明,许多植物的次级代谢产物能够对烟粉虱解毒酶和靶标酶活性产生影响。【方法】采用常规生化方法研究了辣椒碱对烟粉虱体内羧酸酯酶（CarE）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性的影响。【结果】与对照相比,500mg·L^-1辣椒碱处理烟粉虱成虫后6h,CarE活性被激活,其他时段被抑制;1000mg·L^-1辣椒碱处理后6、12、48h,CarE活性受到抑制,其他时段被激活;2000mg·L^-1辣椒碱处理后6h,CarE活性受到抑制,其他时段被激活;d000mg·L^-1辣椒碱处理后3、12h,CarE活性受到抑制,其他时段被激活;8000mg·L^-1辣椒碱处理后1h,CarE活性被激活,其他时段受到抑制。辣椒碱对烟粉虱体内GSTs活性的诱导存在剂量和时间效应,8000mg·L^-1辣椒碱处理烟粉虱成虫后24和48h,GSTs活性受到明显抑制,其余各处理在任何时段GSTs活性均被激活而高于对照。辣椒碱各浓度处理对烟粉虱体内AChE活性的诱导存在时间效应,各处理均在处理后48h对AChE活性产生了抑制作用。【结论与意义】辣椒碱对烟粉虱体内的解毒酶CarE和GSTs、靶标酶AChE活性具有明显影响,且存在剂量或时间效应,这可为辣椒碱在生物农药领域的应用提供理论依据。     

Time course effects of vanadium supplement on cytosolic reduced glutathione level and glutathione S-transferase activity

The influence of vanadium, an important dietary micronutrient, was evaluated on the cytosolic reduced glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in several rat target tissues. Supplementation of drinking water with vanadium at the level of 0.2 or 0.5 ppm for 4, 8, or 12 wk was found to increase the GSH level with a concomitant elevation in GST activity in the liver followed by small intestine mucosa, large intestine mucosa, and kidney. The results were almost dose-dependent and mostly pronounced with 0.5 ppm vanadium after 12 wk of its continuous supplementation. Neither the GSH level nor GST activity was significantly altered in forestomach and lung following vanadium supplementation throughout the study. The levels of vanadium that were found to increase the content of GSH and activity of GST in the liver, intestine, and kidney did not exert any toxic manifestation was evidenced from water and food consumption as well as the growth responses of the experimental animals. Moreover, these doses of vanadium did not impair either hepatic or renal functions as they did not alter the serum activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), as well as serum urea and creatinine levels. All these results clearly indicate that vanadium under the doses employed in our study has a significant inducing role on GSH content with a concurrent elevation in GST activity in the liver and specific extrahepatic tissues without any apparent sign of cytotoxicity. This attribute of vanadium may have a greater importance in terms of biotransformation and detoxification of xenobiotics, including carcinogens. In addition, since the ability to afford an increment in the endogenous GSH-GST pool by anticarcinogenic natural substances has been found to correlate with their activity to inhibit neoplastic transformation, the trace element vanadium may be considered as a novel anticancer agent.     

东亚飞蝗谷胱甘肽S-转移酶分离纯化

通过硫酸铵沉淀技术和GSH-agarose亲和层析对东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)5龄若虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GSTs)进行了分离纯化。结果表明GSTs活性在硫酸铵各沉淀段均有分布,但在55%～100%沉淀段活性较高,在硫酸铵饱和度为85%时比活力最高,达到420.33μmol/min/mg protein,纯化倍数为18.86。根据硫酸铵粗沉淀谷胱甘肽S-转移酶结果,选择硫酸铵浓度为60%～90%沉淀段进行GSH-agarose亲和层析,纯化后比活力最高达到1365.29μmol/min/mg protein,纯化倍数达到61.25。经SDS-PAGE鉴定,得到的GST为1条带,亚基的分子量约为24kDa。     

Induction of glutathione S-transferase in the castor semilooper,Achaea janata (lepidoptera,Noctuidae) following fenitrothion treatment

Glutathione S-transferase activity was determined in the lepidopteran insect species,Achaea janata, during larval, pupal and adult stages following treatment with sublethal and lethal doses of fenitrothion. Both doses of insecticide produced significant induction of enzyme activity. The rate of induction of enzyme activity was not significantly different in insects that received sublethal and lethal doses of insecticide. Enzyme activity in the different stages of insecticide-treated insects was in the order pupa > adult > larva. However, the inducing effect of the insecticide was higher in larvae, than in pupae and adult. In the absence of induction, the level of enzyme was as much as 3 times higher in midgut tissue than in carcass. In larvae treated with sodium barbitone along with fenitrothion, the knock-down effect of the insecticide was delayed. This was attributed to the increased induction of glutathione S-transferase in the larvae treated with sodium barbitone. The level of reduced glutathione, a rate-limiting factor in the induction of glutathione S-transferase, changed in a cyclic manner in insecticide-treated larvae.     

镉急性染毒对中华稻蝗羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性的影响

为深入探讨重金属镉(cadmium,Cd)的毒性效应,采用不同浓度氯化镉溶液对中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis Thunberg 4龄若虫进行急性染毒,对处理后24、48、72和96 h虫体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性进行测定。结果表明,随着处理时间的延长,对照组和处理组CarE和GST活性均表现为先升后降的趋势。与对照组相比,以α-NA为底物时高浓度处理组(80 mg.L-1)CarE活性在处理后48 h被激活;以β-NA为底物时中浓度处理组(40 mg.L-1)CarE活性在72 h达到最高;以CDNB为底物时,低浓度处理组(20 mg.L-1)GST活性在24 h被激活达到最大值,之后降低。结果显示,中华稻蝗4龄若虫在Cd胁迫下,体内CarE和GST活性发生了变化,以此来抵御机体所受到的重金属毒害。     

Peroxidase-mediated conjugation of glutathione to unsaturated phenylpropanoids. Evidence against glutathione S-transferase involvement

A number of plant species are thought to possess a glutathione S-transferase enzyme (GST: EC 2.5.1.18) that will conjugate glutathione (GSH) to trans -cinnamic acid (CA) and para -coumaric acid (4-CA). However, we present evidence that this activity is mediated by peroxidase enzymes and not GSTs. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the GSH-conjugating enzyme purified from etiolated corn shoots exhibited a strong degree of homology to cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase enzymes (APX: EC 1.11.1.11) from a number of plant species. The GSH-conjugating and APX activities of corn could not be separated during chromatography on hydrophobic-interaction. anion-exchange, and gel filtration columns. Spectral analysis of the enzyme revealed that the protein had a Soret band at 405 nm. When the enzyme was reduced with dithionite, the peak was shifted to 423 nm with an additional peak at 554 nm. The spectrum of the dithionite-reduced enzyme in the presence of 0.1 m M KCN exhibited peaks at 430, 534 and 563 nm. These spectra are consistent with the presence of a heme moiety. The GSH-conjugating and APX activities of the enzyme were both inhibited by KCN. NaN₃, p -chloromercuribenzoate ( p CMB), and iodoacetate. The APX specific activity of the enzyme was 1.5-fold greater than the GSH-conjugating specific activity with 4-CA. In addition to the corn enzyme, a pea recombinant APX (rAPX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP; EC 1.11.1.7) were also able to conjugate GSH to CA and 4-CA. The peroxidase enzymes may generate thiyl free radicals of GSH that react with the alkyl double bond of CA and 4-CA resulting in the formation of a GSH conjugate.     

万寿菊根提取物对山楂叶螨谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和蛋白酶及蛋白质含量的影响

采用常规生化实验方法,探讨了山楂叶螨在光、暗条件下经万寿菊根的氯仿提取物(TPC)作用后谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、蛋白酶活性及蛋白质含量. 生物样品采用活体处理和离体处理相结合的方法. 结果表明：万寿菊根氯仿提取物的光活化生物活性最高,其次为水提取物,最后为甲醇提取物;山楂叶螨经TPC处理后,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和蛋白酶活性显著升高,蛋白质含量明显下降,蛋白酶及蛋白质含量变化程度在光照条件下显著高于黑暗处理.万寿菊根氯仿提取物中存在的活性物质,能够促进山楂叶螨离体酶液中蛋白酶的活化;TPC通过激活试螨体内的蛋白酶而促进蛋白质的降解. 万寿菊次生物质的生物活性主要属于光活化活性.     

Purification and characterization of a novel sigma-class glutathione S-transferase of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea

Abstract:  An enzyme that possesses glutathione S -transferase (GST) activity was found in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea . The enzyme was purified to homogeneity for the first time by ammonium sulphate fractionation and affinity chromatography. The N-terminal sequence of the purified protein was similar to those of Sigma-class GSTs. The purified GST retained more than 75% of its original GST activity after incubation at pH 5–8. Incubation for 30 min at temperatures below 50°C scarcely affected the activity. The enzyme was able to catalyse the reaction of glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a universal substrate for GST, as well as with 4-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation.