不同基源崖桑皮及桑白皮总黄酮含量测定

目的:对多基源崖桑皮及桑白皮中总黄酮含量进行测定,为完善崖桑皮和桑白皮的质量控制标准提供参考.方法:采用分光光度法,以桑辛素为标准对照品,对58份不同基源的崖桑皮及桑白皮样品、对照药材中总黄酮的含量进行测定.结果:崖桑皮中总黄酮的含量为9.731～54.706 mg·g-1,平均含量为33.329 mg·g-1.其中,...     

桑白皮的本草考证

结合历代本草和现代文献,对桑白皮药材的基原、产地、品质评价和性味功效进行考证,明确了桑白皮的基原、产地、品质评价和性味功效的古今差异与变迁.经考证可知,唐以前,本草书籍记载桑有山桑与女桑之分,自唐以后,出现白桑、鸡桑、子桑、山桑、荆桑、鲁桑等数种,近现代及《中华人民共和国药典》规定桑白皮正品基原为白桑Morus alb...     

桑白皮提取物对糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经结构影响的实验研究

目的：观察桑白皮提取物对糖尿病（DM）大鼠周围神经早期病变的防治作用。方法：采用四氧嘧啶诱发糖尿病大鼠模型,成模后依据血糖值将大鼠随机分为模型组、桑白皮提取物（大、小剂量）组,弥可保对照组,另设空白对照组,分别灌胃,每天一次,2月后对照观察各组大鼠血糖（FBG）、体重（W）、对坐骨神经进行病理学检测,观察髓鞘面积、髓外纤维、髓鞘横断面面积、透射电镜观察坐骨神经超微形态的变化。结果：桑白皮提取物能调节血糖、有效地增加糖尿病性大鼠坐骨神经髓鞘面积、髓外纤维、髓鞘横断面面积,减轻神经髓鞘水肿,减轻坐骨神经的病变。结论：桑白皮提取物可明显缓解DM大鼠周围神经的早期病变,有一定的神经修复作用,综合疗效优于弥可保。     

从桑白皮中提取药物成分桑根酮D

开发了从中药桑白皮中提取和精制桑根酮D的工艺路线.用紫外光谱、红外光谱、质谱以及核磁共振谱(13C NMR、1H NMR与重水交换)进行结构鉴定,证实其为桑根酮D(sanggenon D).     

桑白皮中sanggenon B对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的影响

采用硅胶柱层析等方法从桑白皮中分离出抗炎活性化合物,通过波谱分析进行化合物结构鉴定。体外培养RAW264.7细胞,构建脂多糖(LPS)诱导炎症模型,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞活性,利用Griess法和酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法分别检测炎症因子一氧化氮(NO)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)的释放量,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和Western blot技术分别测定诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果显示:桑白皮乙醇提取物(MRE)能显著抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO的分泌水平,且呈现量效关系。对桑白皮进行分离,得到1种抗炎活性化合物,经波谱数据分析,确定其为已知的Diels-Alder加合物桑根酮B(sanggenon B)。抗炎活性表明,sanggenon B显著下调了炎症因子NO、TNF-α、IL-6的合成,并抑制了RAW264.7细胞中i NOS、COX-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。研究表明,从桑白皮中分离出的sanggenon B具有一定的抗炎作用,其抗炎机制可能与调控炎症因子的合成,降低i NOS、COX-2表达有关。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探索桑白皮治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的潜在机制

本研究运用网络药理学和分子对接方法对中药桑白皮治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的活性成分、潜在作用靶点和信号通路进行研究,探索桑白皮治疗DPN的可能作用机制。首先从中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)筛选出桑白皮的活性成分及靶点基因。通过GeneCards数据库及OMIM数据库筛选出DPN的疾病靶点基因,并用Cytoscape软件构建"药物-有效成分-靶基因-疾病"中药调控网络图。将有效成分靶标与疾病靶标上传到STRING数据库,构建蛋白互作网络图(PPI),并使用R语言对得到的PPI进行核心基因的筛选。运用R语言对关键靶点进行GO富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析。其次从活性成分及靶点基因中根据degree值筛选出前3个关键成分,并将该网络中的基因靶点以degree值高低进行排序,选择前3个核心靶点,然后从RCSB数据库下载相关蛋白的结构,使用Pymol软件去除溶剂分子与配体,使用AutoDock软件进行分子对接。最后通过酶联免疫吸附实验和荧光光谱实验验证网络药理学富集分析的结果。最终预测到31个桑白皮活性成分,312个活性成分相关靶点,120个桑白皮-糖尿病周围神经病变共同有效靶点。活性...     

桑白皮的化学成分研究

采用硅胶和凝胶柱层析方法对桑白皮(Cortex Mori)的化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和光谱数据分析鉴定得到11个化合物,分别是:羟基白藜芦醇(Hydroxyresveratrol,1),桑叶苷A(mulberroside A,2),熊果酸(ursolic acid,3),3-乙酰基-α-香树酯醇(3-acetyl-α-amyranol,4),熊果烷(ursane,5),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,6),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,7),十六碳烷酸(palmitic acid,8),十八碳烷酸(stearic acid,9),二十六烷酸-α-单甘油酯(α-glycerol monohexacosanoate,10),二十八烷酸-α-单甘油酯(α-glycerol monooctacosanoate,11)。其中化合物5、8～11均为首次从桑白皮中获得。     

100种中草药对无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌体外抑杀研究

无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)和海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)给罗非鱼(Oreochromis sp.)养殖带来了严重的经济损失, 而抗生素等药物的使用会造成细菌的耐药性和环境污染, 因此, 研究了100种中草药对罗非鱼链球菌体外抑杀效果, 以筛选出替代抗生素的绿色中草药。其中16种中草药具有较好的抑菌作用, 但将其pH 值调至7.0±0.04后, 大部分中草药的抑菌效果会显著下降(P<0.01), 只有桑白皮(Morus alba)、藿香(Agastache rugosa)、豨莶草(Siegesbeckia orientalis)、槐角(Sophora japonica)的抑菌效果比较明显。将pH 值调至7.0±0.04后, 采用二倍梯度稀释法测定这4种中草药的最低抑菌浓度(Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(Minimal Bactericidal Concentration, MBC), 结果显示, 桑白皮抑杀无乳链球菌的效果最好, MIC和MBC均为0.3906 mg·mL-1; 豨莶草抑杀无乳链球菌的效果次之, MIC为0.3906 mg·mL-1, MBC为0.7813 mg·mL-1; 藿香、豨莶草、槐角抑杀海豚链球菌的效果最好, MIC和MBC均为0.3906 mg·mL-1。     

桑白皮中壳聚糖的分离与鉴定

首次报道了一种从桑白皮中分离壳聚糖的简便方便。经碱醇液高温处理 5h,壳聚糖收率为 7.2 % ,游离氨基为 2 9.6% ,脱乙酰度为 2 5% ,1%浓度壳聚糖的 1%醋酸溶液粘度为 1.52 MPa·s,平均分子量为 1.3× 10 3。     

桑白皮中抗人爱滋病病毒（HIV）成分研究

从中药桑白皮（ＭｏｒｕｓａｌｂａＬ．）的根皮中分离到６个成分,它们是：ｍｏｒｕｓｉｎ（１）,ｍｕｌｂｅｒｒｏｆｕｒａｎＤ（２）,ｋｕｗａｎｏｎＨ（３）,ｍｕｌｂｅｒｒｏｆｏｒａｎＫ（４）,ｋｕｗａｎｏｎＧ（５）,ｍｕｌｂｅｒｒｏｆｕｒａｎＧ（６）;并制备了它们的乙醚化合物和葡萄糖成;还测定了这些化合物的体外抗人爱滋病病毒（ＨＩＶ）活性和对人淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性,发现其中黄酮ｍｏｒｕｓｉｎ,ｋｕｗａｎｏｎＨ和ｍｏｒｕｓｉｎ４＇－ｇｌｕｃｏｓｉｄｅ具有一定的抗ＨＩＶ活性。     

Simultaneous determination of five characteristic stilbene glycosides in root bark of Morus albus L. (Cortex Mori) using high-performance liquid chromatography

Introduction – Cortex Mori, one of the well‐known traditional Chinese herbal medicines, is derived from the root bark of Morus alba L. according to the China Pharmacopeia. Stilbene glycosides are the main components isolated from aqueous extracts of Morus alba and their content varies depending on where Cortex Mori was collected. We have established a qualitative and quantitative method based on the bioactive stilbene glycosides for control of the quality of Cortex Mori from different sources. Objective – To develop a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorption detection for simultaneous quantitative determination of five major characteristic stilbene glycosides in 34 samples of the root bark of Morus alba L. (Cortex Mori) from different sources. Methodology – The analysis was performed on an ODS column using methanol‐water‐acetic acid (18: 82: 0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and the peaks were monitored at 320 nm. Results – All calibration curves showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) within test ranges. This method showed good repeatability for the quantification of these five components in Cortex Mori with intra‐ and inter‐day standard deviations less than 2.19% and 1.45%, respectively. Conclusion – The validated method was successfully applied to quantify the five investigated components, including a pair of cis‐trans‐isomers 1 and 2 and a pair of isomers 4 and 5 in 34 samples of Cortex Mori from different sources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Natural constituents from Cortex Mori Radicis as new pancreatic lipase inhibitors

Pancreatic lipase (PL), a key enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triacylglycerides in the gastrointestinal tract, has been identified as the therapeutic target for the regulation of lipid absorption. In the present study, six major constituents from a famous Chinese herbal medicine Cortex Mori Radicis (also named sangbaipi in Chinese), have been collected and their inhibitory effects on PL have been carefully investigated and well characterized by a fluorescence-based assay. The results clearly demonstrated that all tested bioactive constituents from Cortex Mori Radicis including sanggenone C (SC), sanggenone D (SD), kuwanon C (KC), kuwanon G (KG), morin and morusin displayed strong to moderate inhibitory effects towards PL with the IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.77 μM to 20.56 μM. Further investigations on inhibition kinetics demonstrated that SC, SD, KC and KG functioned as potent and mixed inhibitors against PL-mediated 4-MU oleate hydrolysis, with the K_i values less than 5.0 μM. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations demonstrated that SD (the most potent PL inhibitor from Cortex Mori Radicis) could create strong interaction with Ser152 (the key amino acid in the catalytic triad) of PL via hydrogen bonding. All these findings provided a new powerful evidence for explaining the hypolipidemic effect of Cortex Mori Radicis, also suggested that some abundant natural compounds in this herbal medicine could be served as lead compounds for the development of new PL inhibitors.     

桑白皮化学成分的研究

从桑白皮(Cortex Mori)的水提液中分离得到5个化学成分,通过波谱数据结合理化性质分别鉴定为4,4’-二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(4,4’-diphenylmethane-bis(methyl)carbamates,1),东莨菪内酯(seopoletin,2),伞形花内酯(umbelliferone,3),3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol,4),对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(4-hydroxy ethyl-benzoate,5)。其中,化合物1为新的天然化合物,4和5为首次从该植物中分得。     

Kukoamine A Protects against NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity Accompanied with Down-Regulation of GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors and Phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Cultured Primary Cortical Neurons

Neurochemical Research - Kukoamine (KuA) is a spermine alkaloid present in traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Lycii radices, which possesses various pharmacological properties. Our previous...     

Protective effect of Mori Cortex radicis extract against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of Mori Cortex radicis (MCR) against high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Cell cytotoxicity was examined using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays. To examine the antioxidative effects, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured. The expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins were assessed. MCR was found to increase the viabilities of HG-induced PC12 cells and to inhibit ROS and MDA production and to promote antioxidative enzyme activities. Furthermore, MCR reduced apoptosis by upregulating p-Akt and Bcl-2/Bax ratio and reducing cytochrome c level. The main flavonoids in MCR were identified by HPLC to be kuwanon G and morusin. These results suggest the antioxidative effects of MCR protect against HG-induced oxidative stress and that MCR has potential therapeutic use for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuro-degeneration.     

Enhancement of the Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Mori Cortex Radicis Extract by Biotransformation Using Leuconostoc paramesenteroides PR

Mori Cortex Radicis (MCR), the root bark of Morus alba L., consists of various phytochemicals and exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. To enhance the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of MCR extract without further purification of bioactive compounds, whole MCR extract was biotransformed with crude enzyme extract from a selected lactic acid bacterium, Leuconostoc paramesenteroides PR (LP). Mulberroside A (MA), a major stilbene glucoside of MCR, contains two β-glucosyl residues at the C3 and C4' positions of oxyresveratrol (OXY). The crude enzyme of LP hydrolyzed the two glycosidic bonds of MA effectively, and 97.1% of MA was biotransformed into OXY within 2 h. Commercial almond β-glucosidase hydrolyzed only one site of the two glycosidic bonds of MA, and 68.7% of MA was biotransformed to OXY-glucoside. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the crude extract of MCR was increased approximately 6.5-fold by biotransformation using LP, and the IC(50) value of the transformed MCR was 3.7 μg/mL.     

New species and combinations in neotropical Lecythidaceae

Lecythis barnebyi Mori andCorythophora amapaensis Pires ex Mori & Prance are described and the following new combinations are coined:Lecythis brancoensis (R. Knuth) Mori,L. schwackei (R. Knuth) Mori,L. alutacea (A. C. Smith) Mori,L. lurida (Miers)Mori, L. holcogyne (Sandwith)Mori, L. corrugata Poiteau subsp.rosea (Spruce ex Berg) Mori, andCorythophora labriculata (Eyma) Mori & Prance.     

Type materials of the species of the Planorbidae (Mollusca,Gastropoda, Hygrophila) described by Shuichi Mori

ABSTRACT

The planorbid species that were described by Shuichi (Syuiti) Mori from Japan have long been enigmatic and their taxonomy has been highly confused. This situation is also an impediment to action for the conservation of Japanese planorbids which are one of the most threatened freshwater snail groups in the country. Based on our examination of Shuichi Mori’s collection stored in the Kyoto University Museum, type materials of the taxa described by him are re-illustrated and re-examined for the first time. Our examination suggested that Gyraulus amplificatus (Mori, 1938) is not a morphological form of Gyraulus biwaensis but a distinct species. Gyraulus pulcher (Mori, 1938) can be regarded as a junior synonym of Gyraulus chinensis.     

合欢皮与山合欢皮的理化性质的比较研究

采用紫外分光光度法,薄层色谱法,溶血试验,泡沫反应等,对合欢皮与山合欢皮的理化性质进行了比较研究。结果表明:可以将山合欢皮作合欢皮使用。