自然杀伤T细胞抗感染作用的研究进展

自然杀伤T细胞(NKT细胞)是一类与自然杀伤细胞具有共同表面标记的T细胞,可识别由CD1d呈递的糖脂类抗原。活化后的NKT细胞通过分泌多种细胞因子和趋化因子,增强树突细胞(DC)、T细胞、B细胞等多种免疫细胞的功能,在非特异与特异性免疫之间起桥梁作用。近年来研究发现,NKT细胞不仅在抗细菌感染中发挥重要作用,在抗病毒及抗寄生虫感染中也发挥一定作用。     

水稻与拟南芥跨膜蛋白14家族的分子进化特征与功能分析

脂类既是植物生命活动重要的能量来源,也是细胞膜系统不可或缺的结构成分,在植物生长发育和逆境反应等生命活动过程中都起到至关重要的作用。随着脂类代谢研究的不断深入,植物脂类合成通路已渐渐明晰,其中连通不同细胞器间脂类合成中间物质运送的膜蛋白也正被不断发现,但对质体脂类转运蛋白还鲜有报道。跨膜蛋白14家族(Transmembrane 14 family, Tmemb14 family)是一个新发现的跨膜蛋白家族,目前只有拟南芥FAX1 (Fatty Acid Export 1)和斑马鱼TMEM14已被克隆鉴定,该家族其他成员的生物学功能还未见报道。AtFAX1参与植物质体长链脂肪酸的跨膜外运,其功能丧失显著降低植物生物量并影响花粉发育和育性。本研究通过生物信息手段对拟南芥和水稻中的跨膜蛋白14家族成员的进化关系、蛋白理化性质、结构域功能和编码基因的表达模式进行了分析,揭示了Tmemb14家族成员在单、双子叶植物进化中的功能分化,为进一步研究跨膜蛋白14家族成员的生理功能提供了理论依据。     

四氧嘧啶致大鼠糖尿病与脂类过氧化

四氧嘧啶致SD大白鼠糖尿病的过程中,首先引起体内多种组织器官广泛发生脂类过氧化作用。脂类过氧化物分解产生一些醛类物质,故血清、胰腺、肝和肾组织中TBA反应物(主要成分为丙二醛)含量升高;生成的其它醛类物质与蛋白质结合形成的水溶性荧光物质含量亦增多。抗氧化剂维生素E的抗脂类过氧化作用对机体起保护作用;而维生素C在大量氧化剂四氧嘧啶存在的条件下起氧化强化剂的作用,并使机体对维生素E的消耗增多。     

茶多酚抑制吸烟气相物质刺激鼠肝微粒体产生脂类自由基的ESR研究

在吸咽气相物质引起大鼠肝粒体产生脂类自由基的研究基础上,本文研究了茶多酚主要单体L-EGCG[(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate]等抗氧化剂对吸烟气相物质引起鼠肝微粒体产生脂类自由基的作用,结果发现,L-EGCG.粗晶态茶多酚,粉态茶多酚,维生态E以及维生素C都不同程度地抑制了脂类自由基的产生,同时,本文也研究了不同浓度的L-EGCG在此抑制过程中的动力学性质.     

雌激素、褪黑素、红细胞源性降压因子降压机制的研究进展

雌激素(estrogen)作为一种重要的类固醇激素,对心血管系统发挥着重要作用,雌激素被认为对心血管系统起着有益的保护作用,临床流行病学研究显示,女性在绝经前或围绝经期的高血压患病率显著低于同龄男性。女性绝经后雌激素缺乏是高血压发病率增加的主要原因之一。褪黑素(Melatonin,Mel)主要是由哺乳动物和人类的松果体产生的一种胺类激素,它的合成受光周期的制约,可使正常动物和人的血压降低,也可对抗病理性的血压升高。红细胞源降压因子(erythrocyte-derived depressing factor,EDDF)是从人的红细胞中提取出一种能够显著降低血压的物质,它不同于迄今已发现的体液中的降压物质,很可能是一种新的内源性血压调节物质。体内物质雌激素、褪黑素、红细胞源性降压因子均可起到降压作用,将可能成为治疗高血压的新靶点。     

强心甾类固醇作用于Na-K-ATP酶引起细胞内钙离子浓度改变的分子机制进展

Na-K-ATP酶(或称为钠泵)是一种广泛存在于真核细胞膜上的跨膜蛋白,近年来许多研究发现其不但有调节细胞内钠、钾离子浓度的功能,也可通过与不同蛋白相互作用发挥细胞信号传导作用。强心甾类固醇类药物(CTS)长久以来被用来治疗心脏疾病,近年来发现其与钠泵结合后可以激活细胞内一系列信号通路,其中很重要一点即是通过改变细胞内钙离子浓度从而调节细胞增殖、凋亡等。本文就CTS/钠泵通过与IP3R、Src、Na/Ca复合体相互作用影响细胞内钙离子浓度的改变作简要综述。     

次生代谢产物与植物抗病防御反应

次生代谢产物是由植物次生代谢产生的许多结构不同的小分子有机化合物,它们广泛参与植物的生长、发育、防御等生理过程。次生代谢产物在植物的抗病防御反应中发挥着重要作用,可以作为生化壁垒防御病原物侵染,还可以作为信号物质参与植物的抗病反应;在植物与病原物互作中,植物合成新的抗菌物质植保素,原有的抗菌物质也会增加。植物次生代谢产物的积累受到病原物、发育,环境等多种因素的调节。本文重点介绍次生代谢产物在植物抗病防御中的相关作用以及影响其合成的各种因素。     

脂质体作为基因工程载体的研究

脂质体是由天然脂类和(或)类固醇组成的微球体,核酸分子可被包裹在微球体内部空间,通过细胞内吞作用(endocytosis)及膜融合(membrane fusion)进入细胞。由于脂质体没有毒性,制备容易,因此,脂质体作为基因载体越来越受到重视。     

鞘脂与细胞凋亡

随着生物技术的不断发展,近年来对鞘脂类物质的研究不断深入。鞘脂质除了在细胞骨架的迁移、血管发生、胚胎发育和信号转导等方面起重要作用外,最近的研究发现鞘脂及其代谢物(神经酰胺、鞘氨醇、鞘氨醇-1-磷酸)能诱导多种肿瘤和恶性增殖细胞(如腺癌、结肠癌、肝肿瘤、肺癌、鼻咽癌等)的凋亡。本文着重对鞘脂与细胞凋亡相关的最新研究进展进行综述。     

CHO细胞无血清培养基的工艺优化

本文以表达人肿瘤坏死因子受体-人Ig G-Fc抗体融合蛋白的CHO细胞为研究对象,通过对影响其细胞密度、活力及蛋白表达量和聚体百分比的进行了3个大类因素的考察,即水解物:0.5%酵母提取物,0.5%谷类水解物,0.5%大豆蛋白水解物,0.5%植物蛋白胨;脂类物质:10 mmol/L磷脂酰胆碱,10 mg/L乙醇胺,0.05%脂肪乳剂;激素类物质:10μmol/L氢化可的松(肾上腺皮质激素),10 mg/L胰岛素,20 n M孕酮(类固醇激素)。结果表明,水解物中0.5%酵母水解物,脂类物质中10 mg/L乙醇胺,激素类物质中10 mg/L胰岛素对提高CHO细胞密度、活力和蛋白表达量和降低聚体含量具有重要促进作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.