双歧三联活菌胶囊联合莫沙必利对IBS-C重叠FD患者血清胃肠神经递质的影响

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊联合莫沙必利对便秘型肠易激综合征(IBS-C)重叠功能性消化不良(FD)患者的疗效及其对血清胃肠神经递质水平的影响。方法选择IBS-C重叠FD患者84例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组42例。两组患者均予以莫沙必利片5mg/次,3次/d,餐前约30min口服。观察组患者在对照组基础上加用双歧三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,3次/d,餐后约30min温水服用。两组患者均治疗8周。观察并比较血清胃肠神经递质[胃动素(MTL)、P物质(SP)和生长抑素(SS)]水平的变化,并评估其临床疗效及患者不良反应。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血清MTL和SP水平显著上升,SS水平显著下降,且观察组患者指标变化比对照组更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);同时观察组患者临床总有效率高于对照组(χ2=4.09,P0.05)。观察组和对照组患者分别出现不良反应4例与6例,均为腹泻,症状较轻微,两组差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.45,P0.05)。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊联合莫沙必利治疗IBS-C重叠FD疗效显著,安全性较高,能纠正患者胃肠神经递质分泌异常,上调血清MTL和SP水平,下调血清SS水平,有效促进胃肠动力。     

曲美布汀联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对功能性消化不良重叠IBS-D患者肠道的影响

目的探讨曲美布汀联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对功能性消化不良(FD)重叠腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)患者肠道微生态的影响。方法选取90例FD重叠IBS-D患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。两组患者均予以曲美布汀片100mg/次,3次/d,口服;观察组在对照组基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,2次/d,餐后约30min温水服用,两组患者均连用8周。观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群的变化,并比较其临床效果及不良反应。结果治疗8周后,观察组患者粪便中双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量增加,而肠杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌数量下降(P<0.05)。对照组患者粪便中这5种菌的数量治疗前后无明显变化(P>0.05)。治疗8周后,观察组患者总有效率高于对照组(χ~2=4.05,P<0.05)。观察组和对照组患者治疗中分别出现不良反应6例(13.33%)和8例(17.78%),症状均较轻微,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.34,P>0.05)。结论曲美布汀联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗FD重叠IBS-D患者疗效较肯定,安全性较高,其作用机制可能是通过调节肠道菌群,重建肠道微生态平衡,从而改善其消化不良及腹泻症状。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合谷氨酰胺对酒精性肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合谷氨酰胺对酒精性肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用。方法选择酒精性肝硬化患者90例,分为观察组和对照组。两组均常规予以对症支持治疗,观察组加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合谷氨酰胺治疗,对照组加用单纯双歧杆菌四联活菌片。其中双歧杆菌四联活菌片口服,1.5g/次,3次/d;谷氨酰胺颗粒口服,1.0g/次,3次/d,两组连用8周。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标:丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血总胆红素(TB)和肠黏膜屏障功能指标(血浆二胺氧化酶、降钙素原和尿乳果糖/甘露醇比值)的变化。结果观察组与对照组治疗期间分别失访4例与7例,两组失访率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.79,P0.05)。治疗8周后,两组ALT、AST和TB水平均较前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降幅度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。同时两组血浆二胺氧化酶、降钙素原和尿乳果糖/甘露醇比值均较前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降幅度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合谷氨酰胺对酒精性肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用明显优于单纯的双歧杆菌四联活菌片,能加速肝功能恢复,加速肠黏膜通透性的修复,保护与改善肠黏膜屏障功能,具有辅助治疗酒精性肝硬化的作用。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征患者的疗效及对血清脑肠肽水平的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)患者的疗效及对血清脑肠肽水平的影响。方法选择82例治疗中的IBS-D患者,随机分为观察组(n=41例)和对照组(n=41例)。两组患者均予以饮食调整、消化道解痉药和止泻药等基础治疗。观察组患者口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片1.5g/次,3次/d,连用8周。对照组患者除不使用双歧杆菌四联活菌片外其余处理同观察组。观察并记录两组患者治疗后疗效及不良反应,并比较治疗前后血管活性肠肽(VIP)和P物质(SP)水平的变化。结果观察组与对照组治疗期间分别失访2例和4例,两组失访率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.18,P0.05)。治疗8周后,观察组临床总有效率为92.31%,较对照组的75.68%更佳(χ~2=3.95,P0.05);同时两组血清VIP水平较治疗前明显上升,SP水平较治疗前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组上升或下降幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05)。对照组和观察组治疗中分别出现不良反应3例和5例,症状较轻,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.09,P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片在IBS-D治疗中的应用效果较好,能较快并能持久缓解其症状,且安全性较好,其作用机制与其升高血清VIP水平,降低血清SP水平,纠正血清脑肠肽水平异常密切相关。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合莫沙必利片对功能性便秘患者肠神经递质和结肠传输功能的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合莫沙必利片对功能性便秘(FC)患者肠神经递质和结肠传输功能的影响。方法选取我院门诊治疗的FC患者104例,随机分为观察组(n=52例)和对照组(n=52例)。两组患者均给予饮食调整、养成良好的生活方式和加强排便功能锻炼等基础治疗。对照组患者给予莫沙必利片5 mg/次,3次/d,饭前30 min口服,连用12周。观察组患者在对照组基础上加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片1.5 g/次,3次/d,餐后30 min服用,连用12周。观察两组患者治疗前后血清一氧化氮(NO)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)和生长抑素(SS)水平及Wexner便秘症状评分、全结肠通过时间(TCTT)的变化,并比较其临床效果。结果治疗12周后,两组患者血清NO, VIP和SS水平及Wexner便秘症状评分、TCTT时间较治疗前明显下降(均P0.05),且治疗后观察组患者以上指标水平均低于对照组(均P0.05);同时观察组患者临床总有效率(94.23%)高于对照组(80.77%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.31,P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片与莫沙必利片联合治疗FC患者的效果较肯定,能更显著地降低血清肠神经递质NO、VIP和SS水平,提高患者结肠传输功能。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片保护非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的机制及疗效

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片保护非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的机制及疗效。方法选取非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者76例,随机分为对照组和观察组(每组38例)。两组患者均予以维生素E和熊去氧胆酸等内科药物治疗,观察组患者加用口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片1.5 g/次,3次/d,连用6周。记录并判断两组患者治疗前后肝功能、血清内毒素、降钙素原(PCT)和D-乳酸指标的变化。结果两组患者ALT、AST和GGT水平较治疗前均不同幅度下降(P0.05或P0.01),且对照组下降幅度低于观察组(P0.05);两组血清内毒素、IL-6和TNF-α水平均有不同程度下降(P0.05或P0.01),且对照组下降幅度低于观察组(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎能下调血清肝功能、内毒素、PCT和D-乳酸等指标,降低肠黏膜渗透性,增强肠黏膜上皮的修复能力,保护其屏障功能。     

生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性胰腺炎的效果及对肠粘膜屏障功能的影响

目的:探究生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性胰腺炎的效果及对肠粘膜屏障功能的影响。方法:选取2015年8月～2018年8月我院收治的急性胰腺炎患者98例,根据患者入院先后顺序分为两组。对照组患者给予生长抑素治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,临床症状和指标的恢复时间及胃肠动力的恢复情况,治疗前后D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和尿乳果糖和甘露醇的比值(L/M)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),腹痛、腹胀、腹膜刺激征、血淀粉酶和尿淀粉酶恢复正常时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血清D-乳酸、DAO和L/M水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。此外,观察组患者的腹内压显著低于对照组,肠鸣音恢复时间显著短于对照组,胃肠减压引流量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与单用生长抑素相比,生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌可更迅速缓解急性胰腺炎患者的临床症状及指标,恢复胃肠动力,并显著改善患者的肠粘膜屏障功能,利于患者的康复。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊 对重症肺炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊对重症肺炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用。方法选取重症肺炎患者66例,随机分为观察组（n=33例）和对照组（n=33例）。两组患者均予以吸氧、抗感染、抗休克和营养支持等常规治疗,必要时行机械通气或血管活性药物。观察组患者加用双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊420 mg,3次/d,温水服用或水化后自鼻饲注入。观察两组患者治疗前和治疗14 d后内毒素、二胺氧化酶（DAO）和D-乳酸水平的变化,并比较其临床疗效。结果治疗14 d后,两组患者血清内毒素、DAO和D-乳酸水平均较前明显下降（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,且观察组下降值明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）;同时观察组患者的临床总有效率明显高于对照组（χ2=3.88,P〈0.05）。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊辅助治疗重症肺炎患者具有较好的疗效,能明显降低血清内毒素、DAO和D-乳酸水平,减轻患者内毒素血症和肠黏膜通透性,保护患者肠黏膜屏障功能。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎患者肠黏膜氧化应激损伤的修复作用

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合美沙拉嗪对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者肠黏膜氧化应激损伤的修复作用。方法选取2016年10月至2018年12月我院内科门诊就诊的活动期轻、中度UC患者92例,随机分为观察组和对照组各46例。两组患者均给予美沙拉嗪肠溶片1.0 g/次,4次/d,口服。观察组在此基础上加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片1.5 g/次,3次/d,口服。两组均连用8周。观察两组患者治疗前后血清氧化应激指标[氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)和过氧化脂质(LPO)]、肠黏膜屏障受损情况指标[血清降钙素原(PCT)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)]及肠镜下肠黏膜评分变化,并比较临床效果。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血清ox-LDL、LPO、PCT和DAO水平及肠黏膜评分均较治疗前显著下降(均P<0.05),且治疗后观察组患者上述指标水平下降幅度大于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组患者临床总有效率(95.65%)高于对照组(82.61%),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.04,P<0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合美沙拉嗪对轻中度活动性UC患者的疗效显著,能降低患者血清ox-LDL、LPO、PCT和DAO水平,对肠黏膜氧化应激损伤具有良好的修复作用。     

西甲硅油联合枯草杆菌肠球菌对肠易激综合征的疗效观察

目的:探讨西甲硅油乳剂联合枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊(美常安)在肠易激综合征(IBS)治疗中的临床效果。方法:将2014年1月至2015年10月收治的180例IBS患者随机分为西甲硅油乳剂联合枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌治疗组92例和单药枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌治疗对照组88例,治疗4周后随访观察两组患者的治疗总有效率、不同胃肠症状的治疗有效率,以及不同型IBS患者的胃肠症状评分。结果:IBS治疗组的治疗总有效率为88.0%,明显高于对照组70.5%(P0.05)。治疗4周后腹胀和排便次数改善的有效率分别为94.6%和78.3%明显高于对照组的77.3%和60.2%(P0.05),但两组在腹痛和排便性状改善方面比较无明显差异(P0.05)。对两组不同胃肠症状评分结果:显示同组同型IBS治疗4周后胃肠症状评分均明显低于治疗前(P0.05)治疗有效。但两组同型IBS患者的治疗后胃肠症状评分比较时,仅在便秘型IBS患者差异明显(P0.05)。结论:西甲硅油乳剂联合枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊对肠易激综合征(IBS)患者治疗有效,对缓解腹胀和改善排便次数上治疗效果尤为明显,对IBS便秘型患者的胃肠症状恢复疗效最佳。     

Microelements in seminal plasma of infertile men infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum

The purpose of this study was to assess the association among male infertility, infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu), and microelements in seminal fluid. Semen analysis and cultivation of Uu were carried out on 160 samples of seminal fluid. The concentrations of microelements, such as arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in the samples were measured by an inductively coupled plasma quantometer (ICP). The ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn in the poor spermatic quality group were obviously higher than those in seminal plasma of the group with normal spermatic quality (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), whereas the concentrations of As, Mg, Mo, and Pb showed no difference in the two groups. The ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn and the concentrations of As and Mg in seminal plasma infected with Uu were markedly higher than those not infected with Uu (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, and p<0.05, respectively), whereas the concentrations of Mo and Pb showed no statistical difference. The ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn and the concentrations of As and Mg in seminal plasma of the semen with poor spermatic quality and Uu infection were obviously higher than those not infected with Uu (p<0.05), whereas the concentrations of Mo and Pb showed no statistical difference. Abnormally high ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn as well as an overdose of As were found to be predisposed to Uu infection. Uu infection resulted in an increase of the ratios Cu/Zn and Cd/Zn and the concentrations of As and Mg in seminal fluid, which therefore caused spermatic quality decline.     

Genetic variations of TLRs and their association with HPV/EBV,co-infection along with nicotine exposure in the development of premalignant/malignant lesions of the oral cavity in Indian population

Background: Despite being most preventable malignancies associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco products, squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity is one of the most common malignancy in India. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TLRs in oral pre-cancerous, cancerous cases and their genotypic correlation with HPV/EBV, co-infection & lifestyle habits in Indian population.Methods: The present study was conducted on 300 subjects (100 OSCC, 50 pre-cancer & 150 controls). The amplification of TLRs gene and HPV/EBV co-infection was assessed by Nested PCR, PCR–RFLP and further confirmation by direct sequencing.Results: The TLR 9(−1486 T/C), revealed that the TT vs. CT + CC genotype had a ˜5-fold increased risk for the development of pre-cancerous lesions as compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the risk of cancer was extremely pronounced in HPV/EBV, co-infection (p = 0.0141), implicating the possible interaction between TLR 9(−1486T/C) genotype and HPV infection in increasing cancer/pre-cancer risk. The ‘G’ allele of TLR 4(+896A/G) was also a higher risk of developing pre-cancerous lesions with 4.5 fold and statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The genotypic association of TLR 9(-1486T/C) in OSMF cases showed ˜8 fold increased risk and TLR 4(+896A/G) showed fourteen fold higher risk for leukoplakia (p < 0.0001, OR = 14.000).Conclusion: Genetic polymorphism of TLR 9(−1486 T/C) and TLR 4(+896A/G) may influence the effects of HPV/EBV, co-infection and play the significant role in development of the disease. The significance of these TLRs seemed to be enhanced by tobacco chewing and smoking habits also, which act as an important etiological risk factor for OSCC.     

镉(Cd)与UV-B复合胁迫影响大豆胚轴生长的生理调节机制研究

通过研究大豆胚轴生长及内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GAs)、过氧化物酶(POD)和吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAA oxidase)活性变化对Cd、UV-B辐射和Cd UV-B(复合胁迫)的响应。分析了激素水平、酶活性变化以及胚轴生长变化特性。结果表明,UV—B辐射引起大豆上胚轴伸长减小;但Cd对上胚轴伸长无明显影响;Cd UV—B使上胚轴长度比UV—B作用时明显增加。UVB辐射显著降低了胚轴IAA含量;而GAs含量却显著升高;Cd胁迫下IAA和GAs变化并不明显;但Cd UV—B使IAA含量显著升高,而对GAs无明显影响。UVB辐射使IAA氧化酶和POD活性显著增强,而Cd对这两种酶活性影响并不明显;但Cd UV—B复合胁迫下胚轴的IAA水平较高。尽管UVB辐射引起胚轴中GAs含量显著增加,但研究结果显示IAA含量变化是胁迫下引起胚轴生长改变的更直接原因。研究还表明Cd UV—B时,大大削弱了UV—B辐射下IAA氧化酶活性增强,加之Cd对POD活性的抑制,导致复合胁迫下胚轴的IAA水平较高。证明复合胁迫可以改变单一胁迫下植物激素的调控机制。     

Effect of dexmedetomidine on rats with convulsive status epilepticus and association with activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway

Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is a neurological disease with contraction and extension of limbs, leading to damage of hippocampus and cognition. This study aimed to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the cognitive function and neuroinflammation in CSE rats. All rats were divided into control group, CSE group and DEX group. Morris water maze test was used to measure cognitive function. Acute hippocampal slices were made to detect long-term potentiation (LTP). Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum levels of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), S-100β and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our results showed that DEX improved the memory damage caused by CSE. DEX reduced seizure severity and increased the amplitudes and sustainable time of LTP, and also inhibited the hippocampal expression of α7-nAChR and IL-1β in CSE rats. DEX treatment decreased serum IL-1β, TNF-α and S-100β levels and increased BDNF levels. The effects of DEX on seizure severity and LTP could be simulated by nicotine or attenuated by concurrent α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT) treatment. In conclusions, DEX significantly improved spatial cognitive dysfunction, reduced seizure severity and increased LTP in CSE rats. Improvements by DEX were closely related to enhancement of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.     

冠心病患者血清IL-37水平及其与血清IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平的关系

目的:探讨不同类型冠心病患者血清白介素-37(IL-37)的水平及其与血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的关系。方法:选取急性心肌梗死患者20例(AMI组)、不稳定性心绞痛患者26例(UAP组)、稳定性心绞痛患者20例(SAP组)及冠脉造影正常者26例(CON组)为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定其血清IL-37、IL-6、IL-10和CRP的水平并分析其相关性。结果:1UAP组、AMI组血清IL-37水平均较对照组(CON组)显著增高(p0.05),而SAP组与CON组比较无明显差异(P0.05)。2冠心病患者的血清IL-37水平与其血清CRP(r=0.3,P0.05)、IL-6(r=0.4,P0.05)水平均存在显著正相关性,与IL-10水平无明显相关(P=0.16)。当排除SAP组患者后,冠心病患者的血清IL-37水平与CRP(r=0.3,P0.05)、IL-6(r=0.5,P0.05)、IL-10(r=0.2,P0.05)水平均显著相关。结论:急性冠脉综合症(ACS)患者的血清IL-37水平显著升高,并与IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平相关,可能参与了ACS发病过程中的炎症反应。     

乌司他丁对大鼠毛细血管渗漏综合征肺毛细血管通透性的影响

目的:观察乌司他丁(UTI)注射液对毛细血管渗漏综合征(CLS)大鼠肺毛细血管通透性及肺血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响,探讨UTI降低CLS大鼠肺毛细血管通透性的机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠120只,随机均分为三组。其中正常对照组(C组)20只,UTI干预组(U组)40只,模型组(M组)60只。实验动物观察12小时,处死前取静脉血ELISA法测血清VEGF;处死动物后取肺组织分别行病理学检查、干湿比重法测肺含水量、伊文思兰法测肺毛细血管通透性。结果:M组血清VEGF明显高于C组和U组(P<0.05),M组肺组织损伤较重,肺含水量及组织通透性均高于C组和U组(P<0.05)。结论:UTI可降低大鼠CLS肺毛细血管通透性,其作用机制可能是通过降低血中的VEGF表达。     

含HTNV S基因重组痘苗病毒在HFRS患者B淋巴母细胞系中的表达

采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法(淋巴细胞分离液)分离肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMC),并用EB病毒(EBV)感染B淋巴细胞,建立永生化的B淋巴母细胞系(B—LCL)。然后,用含汉滩病毒(Hantaan virus,HTNV)S基因的重组痘苗病毒感染B—LCL,应用问接免疫荧光检测核衣壳蛋白的表达。结果表明,B淋巴细胞经EBV感染4周左右,可形成永生化B—LCL。成功转化后的B—LCL,体积增大,且增殖的淋巴细胞积聚成团。汉滩病毒S基因在B—LCL中能有效表达核衣壳蛋白。含S基因的重组痘苗病毒感染的B—LCL可用作HTNV核衣壳蛋白特异性CTL活性研究的靶细胞。     

四氯化碳联合二乙基亚硝胺对小鼠精巢的毒性作用

为了研究四氯化碳(CCL4)联合二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)对小鼠(Mus musculus domesticus)精巢的毒性作用。将昆明小鼠随机分为对照组与实验组,各12只个体。实验组每周2次腹腔注射含有15%CCl4的花生油溶液,同时自由饮用0.07‰的DEN溶液,连续诱导8周。对照组每周2次注射花生油,饮用蒸馏水。分别于第3、6、8周处死实验组及对照组小鼠各4只,对其精巢组织进行常规固定、包埋、切片、H.E染色,观察精巢的形态及精子数量的变化。与实验组比较,对照组小鼠体重明显增加,且实验组与对照组差异显著;与对照组相比,实验组睾丸系数以及精子存活率均显著减少。对照组小鼠精巢都具有正常的生精小管结构,管腔中存在大量精子;第3周,实验组小鼠的精巢与对照组类似,生精小管较为完整,生精细胞稍有散乱;第6周,实验组生精小管变形,生精细胞排列疏松,精子数目减少且畸形;第8周,实验组生精小管残缺不全,生精细胞和精子散乱排列,精子数量大大减少且变形更为严重。实验说明,CCl4联合DEN能够造成小鼠精巢组织的损害以及精子数目的减少和畸变。     

Decreased ER-associated degradation of alpha-TCR induced by Grp78 depletion with the SubAB cytotoxin

HeLa cells stably expressing the α chain of T-cell receptor (αTCR), a model substrate of ER-associated degradation (ERAD), were used to analyze the effects of BiP/Grp78 depletion by the SubAB cytotoxin. SubAB induced XBP1 splicing, followed by JNK phosphorylation, eIF2α phosphorylation, upregulation of ATF3/4 and partial ATF6 cleavage. Other markers of ER stress, including elements of ERAD pathway, as well as markers of cytoplasmic stress, were not induced. SubAB treatment decreased absolute levels of αTCR, which was caused by inhibition of protein synthesis. At the same time, the half-life of αTCR was extended almost fourfold from 70 min to 210 min, suggesting that BiP normally facilitates ERAD. Depletion of p97/VCP partially rescued SubAB-induced depletion of αTCR, confirming the role of VCP in ERAD of αTCR. It therefore appears that ERAD of αTCR is driven by at least two different ATP-ase systems located at two sides of the ER membrane, BiP located on the lumenal side, while p97/VCP on the cytoplasmic side. While SubAB altered cell morphology by inducing cytoplasm vacuolization and accumulation of lipid droplets, caspase activation was partial and subsided after prolonged incubation. Expression of CHOP/GADD153 occurred only after prolonged incubation and was not associated with apoptosis.     

Alkaline and acid phosphatase in the intestines of rats infected with a virulent strain of Entamoeba histolytica and treated with emetine and Flagyl

The distribution patterns of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) in the intestine of rats inoculated intracaecally with a virulent strain of Entamoeba histolytica and treated with emetine hydrochloride and metronidazole (Flagyl) were studied. The caecum and the large intestine showed a highly significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity after amoebic inoculation, and the enhanced activity was lowered by emetine and Flagyl treatment. There was no significant increase in acid phosphatase activity either in the caecum and the large intestine or in the small intestine (ileocaecal end). Intracaecal inoculation of bacterial associates alone from E. histolytica cultures did not produce any significant change in the level of these enzymes in the intestine.