肠道菌群调节与中医药治疗脑卒中关系的研究进展

肠道菌群是人体肠道微生态系统的重要组成部分，与多种中枢神经系统疾病密切相关。近年来，随着对脑卒中发病机制研究的深入，人们发现肠道菌群与脑卒中存在一定的关系。本文梳理分析肠道菌群与脑卒中的关系以及中医药在调节脑卒中患者的肠道菌群方面的研究报道，总结中医药通过调节肠道菌群预防及治疗脑卒中的疗效和作用机制，以期为脑卒中的中医药防治与中药药物研发提供新的思路。     

基于肠道菌群与代谢水平的相关性论高血压病理机制CSCD

随着医学文献和数据研究的不断挖掘,不良生活方式在高血压发病的多种病因中日益突出,使得高血压发生的病理机制愈加复杂化,病因愈加多样化,群体愈加大众化。以往公认的高血压病理机制是遗传因素与环境因素共同作用,此机制已无法满足当下复杂的病理环境,而对高血压的治疗主要强调外周血管重塑和中枢血压的调控,却忽略了机体内部微生态系统中肠道菌群的平衡。本文将以代谢水平对肠道菌群平衡的影响为立足点,从肠道微生态领域探讨高血压发生的可能病理机制,从而为未来心脑血管疾病的防治提供一种新的分析视角。作为新的契入点,肠道菌群将是未来高血压新的靶向机制。     

真菌菌群在炎症性肠病中的作用研究进展CSCD

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn's disease,CD),是消化道的慢性复发性炎症性疾病,多年来IBD与肠道菌群的关系备受关注[1-2],其发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势[3]。IBD的发病机制是遗传易感性、环境影响和肠道屏障受损等多因素之间相互作用的结果[4-5]。     

肠道菌群代谢物与炎症性肠病关系的研究进展CSCD

人类肠道菌群是一个复杂的共生微生物系统,长期定植于人类的胃肠道中,通过发酵产生大量的代谢产物,如短链脂肪酸、色氨酸及吲哚衍生物、胆汁酸和三磷酸腺苷等,对人体产生局部和全身的作用,并与炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)的发生发展密切相关。近年来,基于高通量基因测序技术的肠道微生物组学和代谢组学已成为新的研究热点,通过研究微生物群的小分子代谢物,发现微生物、代谢物和宿主三者间相互作用的潜在机制,而肠道菌群代谢物与IBD密切相关,这为预防和治疗IBD提供了新的策略。本文就近年来肠道菌群主要代谢物与IBD之间的关系及其潜在机制的重要研究成果进行综述。     

果蝇肠道干细胞及肠道菌群的研究进展

动物肠道有强大的免疫系统、干细胞及微生态系统,肠道内微生物群在维持正常的肠上皮和免疫功能中发挥重要作用.正常情况下,肠道菌群处于微生态均衡状态,维持共生关系.肠道菌群的变化可通过影响肠上皮细胞引起代谢疾病发生,甚至改变宿主的行为模式.果蝇肠道的生理结构、干细胞增殖与分化机制及其小生境均与哺乳动物存在高度保守性,其肠道菌...     

肠道菌群与肝脏疾病相关性

肠道菌群是一个复杂的微生态系统,其种类、数量、比例、定位等要素的平衡对宿主健康产生重大影响,尤其与消化系统关系紧密。肝脏是身体内以代谢功能为主的器官,大量研究显示,肠道菌群可对酒精性肝病、非酒精性肝病、肝性脑病、肝硬化、肝癌以及自身自身免疫性肝炎等肝病的发生发展产生重要影响。本文从肠道菌群与肝脏疾病的相关性,肠道菌群影响肝脏疾病的可能机制等方面进行综述,为以肠道菌群为靶点的肝病临床治疗研究提供借鉴。     

肠道微生态在儿童难治性癫痫发病及治疗中的研究进展CSCD

儿童难治性癫痫是一种常见的儿科神经系统疾病。许多临床前及临床证据表明儿童难治性癫痫患者体内优势菌群与健康人相比存在显著差异;抗癫痫干预后难治性癫痫儿童体内肠道菌群分布发生改变;动物粪菌移植实验进一步证实肠道菌群的改变与癫痫发病及抗癫痫疗效存在因果关系。临床上益生菌的添加可能增强抗癫痫疗效,抗生素的使用往往也影响临床的抗癫痫疗效。肠道微生态可能通过内源性机制(如改变神经递质含量等)及外源性机制(如感染和损伤等)改变儿童难治性癫痫患者的代谢、遗传、免疫和感染等。本综述通过总结近年来国内外肠道微生态与儿童癫痫发病和抗癫痫效果的相关研究,阐述肠道微生态在儿童癫痫发病及治疗中的作用并对其可能的作用机制进行探讨。     

肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障在类风湿关节炎中的作用CSCD

类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）是一种自身免疫性疾病,致畸率与致残率较高,发病机制尚不清楚,目前尚未有特效药可完全治愈。近年来,国内外相关研究表明RA的发病机制与肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障密切相关。积极调节肠道菌群和改善肠黏膜屏障可有效缓解RA的关节炎症状,这可能作为RA干预的新靶点。肠道菌群失调引起肠道微生态失衡,一系列有害物质侵入并诱发肠道炎症反应,导致肠道黏膜屏障功能障碍,可能参与RA的发病,但具体作用机制还需进一步明确。本文对肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障在RA中的具体作用及影响进行总结归纳,以期为治疗RA提供新方向。     

炎症性肠病发病机制研究进展

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种慢性复发性肠道炎症性疾病,其病因未明,发病率逐年增高。目前研究表明,IBD的发病机制是遗传易感性和环境对菌群相互作用的结果,通过削弱肠道屏障导致肠道免疫过度激活引起的疾病。本文将从遗传、环境、肠道屏障和免疫学的角度,综述IBD的发病机制。     

肠道菌群在高血压合并抑郁症中的作用探析

抑郁症在高血压人群中患病率较高,与高血压密切相关。抑郁症与高血压共同发病不仅严重损害患者身心健康,还增加了临床治疗的难度。由于现代医学对高血压合并抑郁症的发病机制研究较少,故而在临床上只能采用分而治之的诊治策略,即用降压和抗抑郁联合疗法来治疗此病,却忽略了高血压与抑郁症临床共病可能存在的内在联系。随着近些年生物技术的进步,肠道菌群在诸多慢性疾病中的作用逐渐被发现和阐释。研究表明高血压患者肠道菌群存在明显失衡,而抑郁症的发生与肠道菌群密切相关。本文通过探讨肠道菌群与高血压合并抑郁症之间的相互关系,认为肠道菌群紊乱可能是导致高血压合并抑郁症的关键因素,提出以肠道菌群重建的微生态治疗可能是临床防治高血压合并抑郁症的新途径。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism